Simple Present

Tense
*It is used to describe daily repeated action, habits, unchanging situations, general truths and
facts

1) My mother cooks food for all family members.

2) I go to temple daily in the morning.
3) He drinks green tea every morning.
4) Reena always eats home-cooked food.
5) The class starts every morning at 8:00 am.
6) Water freezes at zero degree.
CASE : 1 Case of Main Verb
Affirmative He/She/it/noun + V1(s/es) + Object
Singular Negative He/She/it/noun + does not+ V1 + Object
Interrogative Does + he/she/it/noun + V1 + Object
Affirmative I/we/you/they/noun + V1 + Object
Plural Negative I/we/you/they/noun + do not + V1 + Object
Interrogative Do + I/we/you/they/noun + V1 + Object
CASE : 2 Case of Supporting Verb

Affirmative He/She/it/noun + is+ Object

Singular Negative He/She/it/noun + is not + Object
Interrogative Is + he/she/it/noun + Object
Affirmative we/you/they/noun + are + Object
Plural Negative we/you/they/noun + are not + Object
Interrogative Are + I/we/you/they/noun + Object
Affirmative I + am + object
I Negative I + am not + object
Interrogative Am + I + Object

1) Mukul Choksi is a good writer

Mukul Choksi is not a good writer
Is Mukul Choksi a good writer?
2) You are lazy.
You are not lazy.
Are you lazy?
CASE : 3 Case of Possession
Affirmative He/She/it/noun + has+ Object
Singular Negative He/She/it/noun + does not+ have + Object
Interrogative Does + he/she/it/noun + have + Object
Affirmative I/we/you/they/noun + have + Object
Plural Negative I/we/you/they/noun + do not + have + Object
Interrogative Do + I/we/you/they/noun + have + Object

1) India has many religions.

India does not have many religions.
Does India have many religions?
2) An IAS officer has personal security guards.
An IAS officer does not have personal security guards.
Does an IAS officer have personal security guards?
3) You have a learning attitudes.
You do not have learning attitudes.
Do you have learning attitudes?
 Simple Present Tense – Passive Construction
Subjec Object Mohan Plays cricket – Active voice
t Cricket is played by Mohan – Passive
I Me voice
Affirmative Sentence
You You
Active Subject V1 (s/es) or V1 Object
We Us
Passive Subject ( Object of Is/am/are + V3 + Object ( Subject of
They Them active sentence) by active sentence)
He Him
Negative Sentence
She Her
Active Subject Does not +V1 or Object
It It Do not + V1
Passive Subject ( Object of Is not/am not/are Object ( Subject of
active sentence) not + V3 + by active sentence)

Active Passive
Pooja sings a song. A song is sung by Pooja.
My mother always guides me. I am guided by my mother always.
Government makes many rules. Many rules are made by Government.
 Simple Past Tense
*It is used to talk about completed actions which took place at a specific time in the past. It also
used to show past habits.

1) I saw a movie yesterday

2) Last year, I travelled to the USA.
3) I always finished my homework on the time when I was in school.
4) She always avoided eating green vegetables when she was child.

CASE : 1 Case of Main Verb

Affirmative He/She/it/I/we/you/they/noun + V2 + Object
Negative He/She/it/I/we/you/they/noun + did not + V1 + Object
Interrogative Did + He/She/it/I/we/you/they/noun + V1 + Object
1) She finished all the work. 3) They bought fruits for their relatives.
She did not finish all the work. They did not buy fruits for their
Did she finish all the work? relatives.
2) Karan left the job last year. Did they buy fruits for their relatives?
Karan did not leave the job last 4) I forgot to turn off the light.
year. I did not forget to turn off the light.
Did Karan leave the job last year? Did I forget to turn off the light?
CASE : 2 Case of Supporting Verb
Affirmative I/He/She/it/noun + was + Object
Singular Negative I/He/She/it/noun + was not + Object
Interrogative Was + I/he/she/it/noun + Object
Affirmative we/you/they/noun + were + Object
Plural Negative we/you/they/noun + were not + Object
Interrogative Were + we/you/they/noun + Object

1) She was very beautiful in her childhood.

She was not very beautiful in her childhood.
Was she very beautiful in her childhood?
2) I was very eager for the tour.
I was not very eager for the tour.
Was I very eager for the tour?
3) They were enthusiastic for the game.
They were not enthusiastic for the game.
were they enthusiastic for the game?
CASE : 3 Case of Possession

Affirmative He/She/it/I/we/you/they/noun + had + Object

Negative He/She/it/I/we/you/they/noun + did not + have + Object
Interrogative Did + He/She/it/I/we/you/they/noun + have + Object

1) India had many religions.

India did not have many religions.
Did India have many religions?

2) An IAS officer had personal security guards.

An IAS officer did not have personal security guards.
Did an IAS officer have personal security guards?

3) You had a learning attitudes.

You did not have learning attitudes.
Did you have learning attitudes?

4) Ram had many bad habits.

Ram did not have many bad habits.
Did Ram have many bad habits?
 Simple Past Tense – Passive Construction
Affirmative Sentence
Active Subject V2 Object

Passive Subject ( Object of Was/were + V3 + Object ( Subject of

active sentence) by active sentence)

Negative Sentence
Active Subject Did not + V1 Object
Passive Subject ( Object of was not/were not Object ( Subject of
active sentence) + V3 + by active sentence)

Active
Pooja sang a song.
She did not draw many pictures.
Someone stole my watch yesterday.
Passive
A song was sung by Pooja.
Many pictures were not drawn by her.
My watch was stolen by someone
yesterday.
 Simple Future Tense
• It is used to talk about an action or condition that will begin or end in the future. It is also used
to show future prediction.

• She will write an email after lunch.

• I will finish my work soon.
• The sun will rise tomorrow at 7 AM.
• The sky is getting darker. It will rain.

CASE : 1 Case of Main Verb

Affirmative He/She/it/they/you/noun + will + V1 + Object
Will Negative He/She/it/they/you/noun + will not+ V1 + Object
Interrogative Will + He/She/it/they/you/noun + V1 + Object
Affirmative I/we + shall + V1 + Object
Shall Negative I/we+ shall not + V1 + Object
Interrogative Shall + I/we + V1 + Object
CASE : 2 Case of Supporting Verb

Affirmative He/She/it/they/you/noun + will + be + Object

Will Negative He/She/it/they/you/noun + will not+ be + Object
Interrogative Will + He/She/it/they/you/noun + be + Object
Affirmative I/we + shall + be + Object
Shall Negative I/we+ shall not + be + Object
Interrogative Shall + I/we + be + Object

1) She will be a successful Doctor. 3) Raman will be a famous writer.

She will not be a successful Raman will not be a good writer.
doctor. Will Raman be a good writer?
Will she be a successful doctor?
4) It will be rainy day tomorrow.
2) They will be a better team. It will not be a rainy day tomorrow.
They will not be a better team. Will it be a rainy day tomorrow?
Will they be a better team?
CASE : 3 Case of Possession

Affirmative He/She/it/they/you/noun + will + have + Object

Will Negative He/She/it/they/you/noun + will not+ have + Object
Interrogative Will + He/She/it/they/you/noun + have + Object
Affirmative I/we + shall + have + Object
Shall Negative I/we+ shall not + have + Object
Interrogative Shall + I/we + have + Object

1) Rahul will have good teaching qualities. 3) Surat will have many small businesses within 2 years.
Rahul will not have good teaching Surat will not have many small businesses within 2
qualities. years.
Will Rahul have good teaching qualities? Will Surat have many small businesses within 2 years?

2) USA will have many outsiders by 2025. 4) They will have a fresher party in 1st year of college.
USA will not have many outsiders by
They will not have a fresher party in 1st year of
2025.
college.
Will USA have many outsiders by 2025?
Will they have a fresher party in 1st year of college?
 Simple Future Tense – Passive Construction
Affirmative Sentence
Active Subject Will/shall + V1 Object

Passive Subject ( Object of Will be/shall be + Object ( Subject of

active sentence) V3 active sentence)

Negative Sentence
Active Subject Will not/shall not+ Object
V1
Passive Subject ( Object of Will not be/shall Object ( Subject of
active sentence) not be + V3 active sentence)

Active
Pooja will sing a song.
She will not draw many pictures.
They will not watch the new film in the
theater.
Passive
A song will be sung by Pooja.
Many pictures will not be drawn by her.
New film will not be watched by them in
the theater.
 Present Continues Tense
It is used to indicates an action which is happening now, at this very moment. It is also used to
talk about an action which is going in the near future.

1) I am making presentation for IELTS.

2) You are watching a movie.
3) My parents are visiting USA next week.
4) I am meeting one of my friends after work.

Affirmative He/She/it/noun + is + V1 (ing) + Object

Singular Negative He/She/it/noun + is not + V1 (ing) + Object
Interrogative Is + he/she/it/noun + V1 (ing) + Object
Affirmative we/you/they/noun + are + V1 (ing) + Object
Plural Negative we/you/they/noun + are not + V1 (ing) + Object
Interrogative Are + I/we/you/they/noun + V1 (ing) + Object
Affirmative I + am + V1 (ing) + object
I Negative I + am not + V1 (ing) + object
Interrogative Am + I + V1 (ing) + Object
 Past Continues Tense
It is used to talk about a continuous action which was happening at some point in the past. It can also be used to
describe something that was happening continuously in the past when another action interrupted it.

1) I was solving maths sum at 2 pm.

2) They werer listening songs before half an hour.
3) My father was watching TV when his boss called.
4) Clients were waiting when I reached at my ofiice.

Affirmative I/He/She/it/noun + was + V1 (ing) + Object

Singular Negative I/He/She/it/noun + was not + V1 (ing) + Object
Interrogative was + I/he/she/it/noun + V1 (ing) + Object
Affirmative we/you/they/noun + were + V1 (ing) + Object
Plural Negative we/you/they/noun + were not + V1 (ing) + Object
Interrogative were + we/you/they/noun + V1 (ing) + Object
 Future Continues Tense
It is used to describe an action of future which is expected to continue for a period of time.

1) I shall be studying my masters in USA.

2) We shall be staying in London for a few weeks.
3) People will be receiving free treatments from the hospital.
4) He will be studying mathematics in the evening.
5) Government will be cleaning the rivers.

Affirmative He/She/it/you/noun + will be + V1 (ing) + Object

Singular Negative He/She/it/you/noun + will not be + V1 (ing) + Object
Interrogative will + he/she/it/you/noun + V1 (ing) + Object?
Affirmative I/we/noun + shall be + V1 (ing) + Object
Plural Negative I/we/noun + shall not be + V1 (ing) + Object
Interrogative Shall + I/we/noun + V1 (ing) + Object
 Present Perfect Tense
It is used to described Recently finished actions, Past actions which has an effect in the
present, Life experience, Same action at different times, Accomplishment.

Affirmative He/She/it/noun + has+ V3 +Object

Singular Negative He/She/it/noun + has not+ V3 + Object
Interrogative Has + he/she/it/noun + V3 + Object
Affirmative I/we/you/they/noun + have + V3 + Object
Plural Negative I/we/you/they/noun + have not + V3 + Object
Interrogative Have + I/we/you/they/noun + V3 + Object

1) Kiran has finished her project.

2) We have gone to imagica .
3) Government has taken action against traffic rules
violators.
4) Have you met your school teacher?
5) We have given this question in the textbook.
6) I have not completed the work.
 Present Perfect Tense – Passive Construction
Affirmative Sentence

Active Subject has/have + V3 Object

Subject ( Object of Has been/have Object ( Subject of

Passive active sentence) been + V3 active sentence)

Affirmative Sentence
Subject has not/have not Object
Active
+ V3
Subject ( Object of Has not been/ Object ( Subject of
Passive active sentence) have not been + active sentence)
V3

Active
Rohan has solved all the problems.
Government has not taken any actions.
Students have completed their assignments.
Passive
All the problems has been solved by Rohan
Any actions has not been taken by
government.
The assignments have been completed by
 Past Perfect Tense
It is used to show that an action took place one or many times before another action in the past.

Affirmative He/She/it/I/we/you/they/noun + had + V3 + Object

Negative He/She/it/I/we/you/they/noun + had not + V3 + Object
Interrogative Had + He/She/it/I/we/you/they/noun + V3 + Object

1) Riya had finished her project before she left for home.
2) Vicky had not repaired many cars before he received his machine’s
license.
3) The train had left when he arrived the station
4) Had they prepared everything before the party started?
 Future Perfect Tense
It expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the
future.
Affirmative He/She/it/they/you/noun + will have + V3 + Object
Will Negative He/She/it/they/you/noun + will not have + V3 + Object
Interrogative Will + He/She/it/they/you/noun + have + V3 + Object
Affirmative I/we + shall have + V3 + Object
Shall Negative I/we+ shall not have + V3 + Object
Interrogative Shall + I/we + have + V3 + Object

1) I shall have finished reading this book by 6 PM.

2) You will not have studied all the tenses after 2 months.
3) Shall we have moved to Canada before June?
4) Raj will have discussed this matter with his boss by
evening.