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  • Why Do We Need Output Stages: Text: Chapter 5

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    林宏儒
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    The source follower circuit is identified as a likely output stage because it can provide higher power and swing than a single-transistor circuit while maintaining low distortion. However, the source follower has limitations in output swing. Therefore, the inverter and push-pull output stages are introduced, which can achieve full rail-to-rail output swing without crossover distortion through the use of complementary pull-up and pull-down transistors. The push-pull stage provides even higher power efficiency than the source follower for driving loads.

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    Output Stage_source Follower

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    The source follower circuit is identified as a likely output stage because it can provide higher power and swing than a single-transistor circuit while maintaining low distortion. However, the source follower has limitations in output swing. Therefore, the inverter and push-pull output stages are introduced, which can achieve full rail-to-rail output swing without crossover distortion through the use of complementary pull-up and pull-down transistors. The push-pull stage provides even higher power efficiency than the source follower for driving loads.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    31 views5 pages

    Why Do We Need Output Stages: Text: Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    林宏儒
    The source follower circuit is identified as a likely output stage because it can provide higher power and swing than a single-transistor circuit while maintaining low distortion. However, the source follower has limitations in output swing. Therefore, the inverter and push-pull output stages are introduced, which can achieve full rail-to-rail output swing without crossover distortion through the use of complementary pull-up and pull-down transistors. The push-pull stage provides even higher power efficiency than the source follower for driving loads.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 5

    Why do we need output stages

    Output Stages

    Text: Chapter 5

    Question: Of the 1-transistor circuits we looked at earlier,


    which one is a likely output stage?
    EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-1 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-2

    Quick review of amplifier classifications Output Stage Metrics – Power, Swing

    • Current is always flowing • Transistor is in


    • Transistor operates
    through amplifier, i.e., cutoff for Vin = 0
    just above cutoff
    transistor in never in • Lower power
    cutoff • May have some
    consumption
    crossover distortion
    • Higher power • Suffers from
    consumption crossover distortion
    • Typically, low distortion
    Other classes such as C exist, but won’t be dealt with here Other feature often seen: Overload protection
    EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-3 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-4

    1
    Source Follower Output Swing

    Question: Why do we connect the current source to –VDD?

    EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-5 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-6

    Analysis of source-follower output stage Analysis of source follower output stage


    Current Source Design Source Follower design
    Since pull-up is achieved using
    M1, we have:

    Since pull-down is achieved


    using M2, we have:

    EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-7 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-8

    2
    Efficiency of Source Follower Efficiency of source follower (sine wave signal)

    • Remember that:

    Remember, IQ*RL must


    be <VDD

    EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-9 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-10

    Voltage Offset in Source Follower Inverter Output Stage


    • As is apparent from the previous analysis, the source follower
    • Remember, the output of the voltage of the source follower output stage is limited in output swing
    will necessarily be lower than the input voltage
    • This leads us to the inverter output stage:

    EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-11 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-12

    3
    Analysis Analysis
    Load transistor analysis (M2) Drive transistor analysis (M1)

    Then, M1 is in linear

    Current Source analysis (M3) Now, IDS,M1 = IDS,M2 - VOUT-/RL = 2*IQ (assuming symmetry in swing)

    EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-13 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-14

    Push-Pull Output Stage Crossover distortion in basic Push-Pull


    • Since VOUT+ is provided by M1 and VOUT- is provided by
    M2, there is a region around GND in which VOUT is zero

    EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-15 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-16

    4
    Removal of crossover distortion Removal of crossover distortion
    • The left-hand-side of the
    circuit behaves like a
    level-shifter, shifting the
    NMOS imput to avoid the
    “dead zone”

    EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-17 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-18

    Efficiency of Push-Pull

    EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-19

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