Disciplines and Ideas

in the Social
Sciences
Institutionalized and Gender
Sensitive Society towards Equality

Quarter 2 -
Module 8
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the
major Social Science Ideas: Psychoanalysis, Rational
Choice, Institutionalism, Feminist Theory,
Hermeneutical Phenomenology, Human-
Environment Systems
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
 Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Discussion - This section provides a short discussion of the lesson. This
aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
 Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
 Check your understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
 Posttest - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

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 EXPECTATION
You will analyze the basic concepts and principles of Institutionalism.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
 understand the basic concepts and principles of Institutionalism;
 examine the constitutive nature of formal and informal institutions; and
 interpret personal and social experiences relating to constrains
social behavior.
Let us start your journey in learning more on
Institutionalism. I am sure you are ready and excited to
answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following highlights institutionalism approach in Social
Science?
a. Emphasize connectedness of social institutions.
b. Emphasize the role of institutions in the society.
c. Emphasize social inequalities as cause of social conflict.
d. Emphasize the rationality of human choices and actions.
2. These institutions are officially established. The government itself is
an example. What form of institutions is this?
a. Local Institutions
b. Private Institution
c. Formal Institution
d. Informal Institution
3. Which of the following signifies formal institution?
a. beliefs c. norms
b. laws d. practices
4. These institutions are not officially established but commonly accepted
by the society like practices, standard or label of behavior. What form of
institution is this?
a. Local Institutions
b. Private Institution
c. Formal Institution
d. Informal Institution
5. Which of the following signifies informal institution?
a. laws c. regulations
b. norms d. rules

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 LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON
Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

Modified TRUE or FALSE

In the previous lesson, you have learned about the Basic Concepts and
Principles of Rational Choice. Before the new lesson starts, try to answer the quiz
below:

Directions: Write TRUE if the given statement is correct. If incorrect change the
underlined words to make the statement correct. Use ¼ sheet of paper for your
answer.

1. Rational Choice Theory emerged during industrial revolution in

American Political Science between 1950s and 1960s.
2. Positivist greatly influenced the rational choice specifically August Comte in
his works.
3. Persons do irrational choices founded on their goals, and those
decisions determine their conduct.
4. Rational choice can’t be used to know why a person behave or act the way he
does.
5. People act as they do since they think that acting on their chosen human
activity has much profit than costs.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Institutionalism approach can be interpreted as a subject of study to
governmental institutions, which is fundamental to the discipline of Political
Science like public administration that study the institutional set up of the social
services or public authorities. This approach can also be explained as any formal
management set up and design to emulate behavior, function, and regulation that
constraints to human actions such as formal constraints and informal constraints.

As you go on with the lesson, you will understand the basic concepts and
principles of institutionalism. Also, examine the constitutive nature of formal and
informal institutions, how it constrains social behavior. Further, you will learn to
interpret personal and social experiences using institutionalism as relevant
approach in the Social Sciences.

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 DISCUSSIONS
Lesson
The Basic Concepts and
1 Principles of Institutionalism
On March 16, 2020 by the virtue of Proclamation No. 929 signed by
President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, the national government affirmed a state of
calamity all over the Philippines. The President also called on Congress to hold
special sessions to enact the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act. Upon the senate’s
approval, the President was granted emergency power necessarily to carry out
exigent procedures to meet the existing national emergency related to COVID-19
pandemic.

The President realigned the national budget approved for 2020 in response
to pandemic. The government gave financial aid to the people with the help of some
government agencies and institutions such as the Department of Social Welfare
and Development (DSWD) for the distribution of the Social Amelioration Program
or SAP; Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) for the universal
healthcare for COVID-19 patients’ financial assistance; and the Department of
Labor and Employment (DOLE) for the five thousand pesos (Php 5,000) grant
under COVID-19 Adjustment Measure Program.

Other institutions like the Philippine National Police (PNP) and Military
officials made sure that the people followed social distancing and home quarantine
protocols. The Department of Education (DepEd) as the country’s leading education
institution planned an education program in response to new normal education
with blended learning which uses online and offline teaching and other learning
modalities.

The pandemic crisis leads to lockdowns of different places, social distancing

and strict home quarantine protocols. These are restrictions imposed by the
government to slow down the spread of the corona virus. The formal management
set up and designs to emulate behavior, function, and regulation. With these,
Filipinos experience constraints in their daily life activities. People are not able to
go to work, they can’t visit their families in other places, and social gatherings are
not allowed because these human actions can trigger the spread of the virus.

These are some of the formal constraints or regulations need to be followed

by the people. All of these scenarios we are experiencing at this time show how
“Institutionalism” works and employs in our society. The connection at large has an
impact on political system, shape political policy and social constrains that people
experience.

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INSTITUTIONALISM
Institutionalism is an approach aligned to methods and approaches in
political science that has significance in society. This implied as the regulations,
orders and systems. The aforesaid approaches vary mostly in the interpretation of
institutions, in their subject, logic of motive, and in the ideas they accord with
development. Through this, institutions can be explained as any formal
management set up and design to emulate behavior, function, and regulation.

According to North (1990), institution is any kind of constraints that man

made to form action. This may relate formal constraints like regulation, or informal
constraints like practice, standard or label of behavior. While Hall (1986) explained
that, institutions as the formal regulation, conformity, operation, and standard
operational practices that constitution the relation of persons in different areas in
the civil order and economy. Likewise, March and Olsen (1989), stressed that the
primary effect of institutions in political affair based from the reality that they are
accumulation of interconnected regulation and procedure that determine right
actions in dealings of functions and situations.

The origin of this approach rested on the idea of organization and legitimacy,
thus, in institutionalized position of political agreement with party scheme, the
regulation of elected competition, governing bureaucracies, legislative body,
judiciary system, and big institutionalized structure compose of the governmental
social institutions, and public Institutions necessary organization especially in
political attribute. Institutionalism is an approach use in governing body and social
science. William Robson (1975) explained that this approach is institutional as it
gathered focus on the government involved in public administration, examined
functions, structure, account and relations. It communicates how they functioned
and the level of strength they accomplished.

FORMAL AND INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS

Institutions can also be explained as any formal or informal management set

up and design to emulate behavior, function, and regulation that constraints to
human actions.

Formal Institutions are institutions that are officially established in one way or
another. The government itself is an example and other government agencies, the
national and local government laws, rules, and regulations. Other examples of
formal institutions are business corporations, labor unions, and religious
organizations.

Informal Institutions are not officially established, but are commonly accepted
throughout society like practices, standard or label of behavior. These apply to all
types of activity such as social, cultural, political, and economic. Some examples
are pamamanhikan for courtship and in arranged marriage; these informal
institutions are tied with the social norms, beliefs and practices of certain groups of
people or society.

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 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1. Infographic Analysis
Objective: Understand the basic concepts and principles of institutionalism
Directions:
1. Analyze the infographic below about phased transition from ECQ to GCQ.
2. Relate the infographic to the concepts and idea of Institutionalism.
3. Use short bond paper for this activity.

Image retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/05/13/

2013840/guidelines-out-shift-modified-ecq-nears

Guide Questions:
1. What can you say about the infographic?
2. What is the relevance of the infographic to the concepts and ideas
of institutionalism?
3. How can you relate the concepts of formal and informal constrains
with the infographic?

Activity 1.2. Public Eye

Objective: Examine the constitutive nature of formal and informal institutions
Directions:.
1. Put check in the column Okay or Not Okay about the work done by the
government and other institutions.
2. Provide your reasons in the last column.
3. Use separate sheet of paper for this activity.

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 Institutional Measures and Okay Not Reason
Response to COVID 19 Pandemic Okay
Government Bayanihan to Heal as One Act
DSWD 8K Social Amelioration
Program (SAP)
DOLE 5K grant under COVID-19
Adjustment Measure Program
New normal way of life
Social distancing
Wearing of face mask

Activity 1.3. Share Mo Lang (SML) (Critical Thinking, Communication)

Objective: Interpret personal and social experiences relating to constrains social
behavior.
Directions:
1. Write a reflection paper about your personal and social
experience/s concerning social distancing and home quarantine
protocols.
2. Write the reflection paper on a separate sheet of paper.
Rubrics
Criteria Highest Possible Score
Content (ideas, facts, information) 10 pts.
Organization (presentation of thoughts) 8 pts.
Grammar (correct grammar and spelling) 7 pts.
Timeliness (submitted on time) 5 pts.
Total 30 Points

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Concept Mapping
In our lesson, you have learned that “Institutionalism” is an approach
aligned to methods and approaches in political science that has significance in
society, implied as the regulations, orders and systems. These are some of the
concepts and principles of institutionalism. In this activity you will show your
understanding of the lesson using a concept map.
Directions:

1. Complete the concept map by writing inside the small circles the ideas
or concepts about institutionalism.
2. Answer the questions that follow.
3. Use a separate sheet of paper for this activity.

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 Institutionalism

Guide Questions
1. What are the concepts and principles of institutionalism?
2. How people constrained by the formal and informal institutions
3. Do you agree with the constitutional description of public
office wherein “Public service is a public trust?” Why or Why
not?

REMEMBER
 Institutionalism is an approach aligned to methods and approaches in
political science that has significance in society, implied as the regulations,
orders and systems. This may relate formal constraints like regulation, or
informal constraints like practice, standard or label of behavior.
 Public Institutions are necessary organizations especially in political attribute.
Thus, in institutionalized position of political agreement with party scheme,
the regulation of elected competition, governing bureaucracies, legislative
body, judiciary system, and big institutionalized structure compose of the
governmental and the social institutions.
 Formal Institutions are officially established. The government itself is an
example and other government agencies, the national and local government
laws, rules, and regulations.
 Informal Institutions are not officially established but commonly accepted
throughout society like practices, standard or label of behavior.

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 POST TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. The following are some of the concepts and principles of institutions
EXCEPT one:
a. Any informal constraints like practice, standard, or label of
behavior.
b. Any formal management set up to emulate behavior, function, and
regulation.
c. An approach concern with human behavior and action made based
on rational choice.
d.An approach aligned to methods and approaches in political
science that has significance in society, implied as the regulations,
orders and systems.
2. Which of the following describes formal institutions?
a. officially established
b. not officially established
c. commonly accepted in a society
d.part of practices and social norms
3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of informal institutions?
a. officially established
b. not officially established,
c. commonly accepted in a society
d. part of practices and social norms
4. Which of the following is an example of a formal institution?
a. Arranged Marriage c. Dowry
b. Bayanihan To Heal As One Act d. Pamamanhikan
5. Which of the following is an example of an informal institution?
a. Anti-Terror Law c. Arranged Marriage
b. Anti Cyber-Bullying Act d. Bayanihan To Heal As One Act

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Lesson
The Concepts and Principles
2 of Feminist Theory

EXPECTATION
You will analyze the basic concepts and principles of Feminist theory
Specifically, this module will help you to:
 understand the concepts and principles of feminist theory;
 analyze the relationship between gender ideology and gender inequality; and
 interpret personal and social experiences relating to feminist theory.

Let us start your journey in learning more on Feminist Theory. I

am sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile
and cheer up!

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What is the primary reason of the emergence of feminist theory?
a. To promote gender ideology in the society
b. To enhance status and power of women in the society
c. To practice social equality of different social classes in the society.
d. To fight for women's right counter to the prejudice existing in the
society.
2. Which of the following states about the advocacy of the first wave of feminist
movement?
a. Emphasizes connectedness of man and women in the society.
b. Stresses social, cultural, and political inequality to women in the
society.
c. Highlights many issues associated to women such as marriage,
property rights, and right to vote.
d. Tackles issues about discrimination of women in the publication
arena and covers the facet of multiculturalism and competition.
3. Which of the following states about the advocacy of the second wave of
feminist movement?
a. Emphasizes connectedness of man and women in the society.
b. Stresses social, cultural, and political inequality to women in the
society.

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 c. Highlights many issues associated to women such as marriage,
property rights, and right to vote.
d. Tackles issues about discrimination of women in the publication
arena and covers the facet of multiculturalism and competition.
4. Which of the following states about the advocacy of the third wave of
feminist movement?
a. Emphasizes connectedness of man and women in the society.
b. Stresses social, cultural, and political inequality to women in the
society.
c. Highlights many issues associated to women such as marriage,
property rights, and right to vote.
d. Tackles issues about discrimination of women in the publication
arena and covers the facet of multiculturalism and competition.
5. Which is the normative feminist view of gender ideology?
a. Masculine and feminine behaviors and social roles.
b. Women are viewed as inferior in society dominated by men.
c. Many issues associated to women such as marriage are highlighted.
d. Rights and freedoms for women and girls of all ages in the society.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

Arranging Jumbled Letters

In the previous lesson you learned about the basic concepts and principles
of institutionalism. Before the discussion in the lesson 2 starts, try to answer the
following activity.

Directions: Read each sentence and rearrange the letters to reveal the
words/terms being described. Use ¼ sheet of paper for your answer.

1) L I C P U B T I O N S I N S T I T U
These are necessary organizations especially in governance.
2) N A T I O L I S M I N S T I T U
An approach aligned to methods and approaches in political science that has
significance in society, implied as the regulations, orders and systems.
3) S I C A L C L A S TIONA LINSTITU ROACHAPP
This means traditional approach and the other term used aside from old
institutionalism.
4) L O D NATIOLISMINSTITU
A theory that marks accounts of the origin and significance of political
institutions; promotes the political importance and fairness.
5) W E N NATIOLISMINSTITU
The term created by March and Olsen that paved the way for the new
perspectives on institutionalism.

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 BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Feminism comprises various features associated to women’s place in the
society in terms of social, economic and political rights. These rights allow women
be involved in society like in business and politics that women get acknowledgment
and empowerment in the society. Likewise, it applies to total facets of women's
privileges. Thus, men take pleasure in all the rights given to them by the society
while women were given lesser status. With these overall explanations, feminist
theory originated and rose up the impression of inequality among men and women.
This lesson will help you understand the basic concepts and ideas of
feminist theory and determine the relationship between gender ideology and
gender inequality. Further, you will interpret personal and social experiences
relating to feminist theory.

DISCUSSION
FEMINIST THEORY
Feminism primarily is a western notion. Women’s presence is perceived over
men viewpoint. Consequently, women are measured as inferior. Women were force
to do their traditional duty like being housewives, and not given the right to
education and other legal rights. Deborah Madsen stated “Feminism stands for
women status in society and demands about gender consciousness and
oppression.” The concerns of feminist theory are the description of gender that
bound and dominate women and the basis of women’s freedom from those
constraints. Feminism emanates its existence for the fight for women's right
counter to the prejudice existing in the society. Feminism implicates two key facets
of rational obligation and political undertaking that brought justice for women and
put an end to sexism in all kinds.

The first wave of feminism highlighted many issues associated to women

such as marriage, property rights, and right to vote. The two foundations linked to
this are the women's rights and women's suffrage. This contained matters such as
equal salaries for women, right to educational, right to vote and other legal rights
like the institution of marriage. It also focused on issues concerned to women like
reproductive rights and sexuality. The first wave feminism stressed equal
opportunity for women in the society. Further, the first wave of feminism granted
rights to suffrage for most women in the early 20th century. Among these feminists
who founded contemporary feminism were Elizabeth Robins, Dorothy Richardson,
Katherine Mansfield and Virginia Woolf.

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 The second wave of feminism began in 1960s. It stressed social, cultural,
and political inequality to women in the society. This wave in feminism revealed
diverse scopes of feminism based on women practices and stand. It comprised
vigorous involvement of women economically ahead of World War II. This period
was the beginning of women education and women involvement on civil rights and
radical issues attached to young women culture change. It made women aware of
sexual discrimination which led to resistance. Therefore, sexual liberation and
reproduction rights of women became fundamental issues.

The third wave of feminism or Post-feminism also started in the 1960s and
flourished in the 21st century. It looked into the relation of language and gender;
also tackled issues attached to discrimination of women in the publication arena
and covered the facet of multiculturalism and competition. It contested the
dominating sort of white feminism has a strong message concerning several
conception of awareness in the society. It was a protest which happened in the
1980s that lifted the issues like class, race, culture and sexuality that explicated
numerous identities of women.

TYPES OF FEMINIST MOVEMENTS

ADVOCATES
I. Liberal Feminism
18th to 19th Century
 Mary Wollstonecraft
 John Stuart Mill
 Simone De Beauvoi
A. Libertarian Feminism
B. Egalitarian Liberal
Feminism
II. Socialist Feminist
III. Anarchy Feminism
19th - 20th Cen.
 Emma Goldman
 Voltairene De.
 Cleyre & Loucy Parson
IV. Radical Feminism
V. Equality Feminism
 Mary Wollstonecraft
 John Stuart Mill,
ADVOCACY
- Female education and equal opportunities.
- Political and legal equality among men and
women such as reproductive rights to women,
voting, equal wages and health care.
- Gender equality, equal rights regarding legal matters,
education and work opportunities.
- Equality in property distribution between men
and women.
- Freedom for conscience and expression such as
women sexual and domestic violence.
- The right to compensation when someone
violates the rights.
- Freedom to choose personal autonomy such as,
understand their social status, acquire personal and
self-governing elements of women.
- Private and public aspects of women were given focus.
- Liberation cannot be achieved unless the
economic and cultural sources of women
oppression end.
- Resist patriarchy, state power, and class divisions
- The Independence of Woman: right to support
herself; to live for herself; to love whomever she like
- Freedom for both sexes: freedom of action; freedom
in love; freedom in motherhood.
- Patriarchy in the society was abolished.
- The cause of all inequalities in the society is based on
gender identity, class, perceived attractiveness, sexual
orientation and ability.
- Women's liberation movement
- Equal treatment of male and female sexes
- Women should enjoy all the legal as well as political
rights similar to men as they are human beings.

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VI. Amazon Feminism - Female physical power as a means to achieve the

14
 goal of gender equality.
VII. Postcolonial - Deals with the topics like racism, colonialism and its
Feminism cultural, economic and political effects on the society
that explore some particular gender realities of
non- white and non-western women.
VIII. Marxist Feminism - The dismantling of capitalism as a way of liberating
women was given focus.
- Women should be given freedom to work, and
should get equal wages for their work at the
workplace.
IX. Cyber Feminism - Sets of practices that deal with feminist interactions
1980s and 1990s. and acts in cyberspace.
- Women's use of new information and
communication technologies for their upliftment.
X. Individualist Feminism - Emphasizes on the transformation of the legal system
in order to eliminate the inequality
- Freedom of an individual over the private property
on the basis of equality.
XI. Lesbian Feminism - Deals with the issues related to lesbian and women
1970s and 1980s in the society.
- Society is structured to serve heterosexual needs
 Sheila Jeffrey - Lesbians within the Women's Liberation Movement
(WLM) feminist lesbian politics, and lesbians in the
Gay Liberation Front (GLF).
XII. Separatist Feminism - Feminism enables women to take interest in
 Marilyn Frye's other women.
- Creates new space and dialogue in women's
relationship, and limits them from dealing with men.
XIII. Eco-Feminism - Social and political movement that deals with the
1974 existence of environmentalism and feminism.
 Francoise d’ Eaubonne - Changing the attitude of the society towards
productivity and activity of both women and nature.
XIV. Difference Feminism - Deals with differences between the sexes such as
19th century biological, emotional, sociological or spiritual.
- Feminism that reverses gender polarity that is
 Michele M. Schumacher women are superior to men.
- Integral gender complementarity discusses that
when men and women are integrated,
XV. Black Feminism - Liberation of black women from all oppressions
1974 - Women's liberation as a strategy that unites
 Patricia Hill Collins women, men and children in which women have to
struggle against injustice because of oppression.

GENDER IDEOLOGY AND GENDER INEQUALITY

To the feminist normative view of “Gender Ideology”, conveys that women are
viewed as inferior to men in a system of society dominated by men. According to
International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (2001) gender
ideology described as masculine and feminine behaviors, and social roles. The
normative meaning of gender ideology needs to have distinction from biological
“sex” association and behavioral “gender” orientation. These two concepts are
understood differently based on the meaning attached to it by the person.

On the other hand, “Gender Inequality” for feminism focuses on the rights and
freedoms for women and girls of all ages in the society. Feminist groups claimed
that human rights they inherent is traditional bias in favor of men and boys. The

15
concepts of women’s rights is not only focused on marital, parental, and religious

16
rights but also to enter to legal contracts, own property, right to suffrage, be
educated, hold public office, fair wages and equal work opportunities for women.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1. Doodle a Word
Objective: Understand the basic concepts and principles of feminism.
Directions:
1. Doodle the word “Feminism” based on your understanding of the lesson.
2. Use short bond paper and art materials for this activity.
Rubrics

Criteria Highest Possible Score

Creativity (artistry) 12 pts.
Content (relevance to the topic)) 8 pts.
Originality (own work) 7 pts.
Timeliness (submitted on time) 3 pts.
Total 30 Points
Activity 1.2. Compare and Contrast (Critical Thinking, Communication)
Objective: Analyze the relationship between gender ideology and gender inequality.
Directions:
1. Using the Venn diagram, analyze the relationship between gender
ideology and gender inequality.
2. Use separate sheet of paper for your answer.

Gender Ideology Gender Inequality

Guide Questions:
1. What is gender ideology?
2. What is gender inequality?
3. How can you differentiate gender ideology from gender inequality?

Activity 1.3. Editorial Cartoon Analysis (Critical Thinking,

Communication, Character)
Objective: Interpret personal and social experiences relating to feminist theory.
Directions:

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 1. Analyze the editorial cartoon.
2. Answer the guide questions on a separate sheet of paper.

The Philippine Star (June 11, 2020). Editorial - Opportunities for violence.
Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2020/06/11/2020047/
editorial-opportunities-violence

Guide Questions:
1. What can you say about the editorial cartoon?
2. What is the relevance of the picture to women?
3. How can you support and protect the rights of women in our
society?

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Open Letter

The idea of feminism is not only resides for equality and recognitions for
women in the society but equality for all the gender in our society. Even today,
there still have some issues relating to gender inequality.

Directions:
1. Write an open letter concerning gender issues in our society, which some
gender may experience like “Body shaming” or “Gender Discrimination”
2. Use short bond paper for this activity.

Rubrics
Criteria Highest Possible Score
Content (ideas, facts, information) 20 pts.
Convection (impact, appeal) 15 pts.
Originality (uniqueness, style) 15 pts.
Grammar (correctness, spelling) 10 pts.

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 Total 60

REMEMBER
 Feminism emanates its existence for the fight for women's right counter to the
prejudice existing in the society. Feminism implicates two key facets of
rational obligation and political undertaking that brought justice for women
and put an end to sexism in all kinds.
 The first wave of feminism stresses equal opportunity for women in the
society. Further, the first wave of feminism granted rights to suffrage for
most women in the early 20th century.
 The second wave of feminism is the beginning of women education and
women involvement on civil rights and radical issues attached to young
women culture change. It made women aware of sexual discrimination
which leads to resistance.
 The third wave of feminism looked into the relation of language and gender;
also tackled issues attached to discrimination of women in the publication
arena and covered the facet of multiculturalism and competition.
 To feminist normative view of “Gender Ideology” conveys that women are
viewed as inferior to men in a system of society dominated by men.
 Gender Inequality for feminism focuses on the rights and freedoms for women
and girls of all ages in the society. Feminist groups claimed that human
rights they inherent is traditional bias in favor of men and boys.

POST TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. The following are the reasons of the emergence of feminist movement. Which
is not included?
a. Women are measured inferior to man.
b. Women are forced to do their traditional duty.
c. Women’s perceived dominant viewpoint in terms of politics.
d. Women are not given the right to education and other legal rights.
2. Social media was flooded with different issues about gender
discrimination. What is the effect of these issues in our society?
a. harmony in our society
b. equilibrium in our society
c. class struggle in our society
d. peace and order in our society

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3. All of the following values will lessen the issues and problems with
regards to gender discriminations. Which is NOT included?
a. Kindness c. Respect
b. Prejudice d. Tolerance
4. Which of the following is the greatest achievement and contribution of the
first wave feminism?
a. Women were granted rights to suffrage
b. It made women aware of sexual discrimination
c. It contested the dominating sort of white feminism has a strong
message concerning several conception of awareness in the
society.
d. The beginning of women education and women involvement on civil
rights and radical issues attached to young women culture change.
5. Which wave of feminist movement is the beginning of women education and
women involvement on civil rights and radical issues attached to young
women culture change?
a. First Wave c. Third Wave
b. Second Wave d. Fourth Wave

20
 REFERENCES

Books
Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross et. al. (2016). Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences.
Quezon, City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Tatel Jr., Carlos Peña (2016). Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences.
Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.

Online Sources

Boris Barkanov (2016). Institutionalism. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.

com/topic/institutionalism

Lammers and Garcia (2017). Institutional Theory. Retrieved from https://www.

researchgate.net/publication/314712184

Pasque and Wimmer (2011). An Introduction: Feminist Perspectives. Retrieved

from
https://www.myacpa.org/sites/default/files/Feminist_Theoretical_Perspecti
ves_pasque_wimmer_REV.pdf
Peters, B. G. (2000). Institutional Theory: Problems and Prospects. Reihe
Politikwissenschaft / Institut fü r Hö here Studien, Abt. Politikwissenschaft,
69). Wien: Institut fü r Hö here Studien (IHS), Wien. Retrieved from
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-246573

Schmidt, Vivien (2014). Institutionalism. Boston University. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313505827

Stephen Bell Institutionalism: Old and New. Retrieved from https://espace.library.

uq.edu.au/view/UQ:9699/Institutionalism.pdf

The Philippine Star (2020). Editorial - Opportunities for violence. Retrieved

from
https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2020/06/11/2020047/editorial-
opportunities-violence

The Philippine Star (2020). Image retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/

headlines/2020/05/13/2013840/guidelines-out-shift-modified-ecq-nears
William Little . Feminist Theory Module 1: Foundations of Sociology
Feminist Theory. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/
alamo- sociology/chapter/reading-feminist-theory/

Women As A Minority (2016). Sociology – Cochise College Boundless.

Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/users/493555/textbooks/
sociology-

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cochise-college/gender-stratification-and-inequality-11/women-as-a-
minority-88/women-as-a-minority-507-10466/

22
Acknowledgements Writer: Ma. Teresa B. Berondo - MT II
Editor: Amalia C. Solis - EPS
Reviewers: Alvin V. Santos - MT II (Content) Fernando B. Halili - MT II (Language)
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division Superintendent-Manila, Aida H. R

23
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Name: Grade and Section:

School: Date: Subject Teacher:

Quarter: 1st Module No.: 8 Week No.: 8

MELC: Analyze the basic concepts and principles of social science ideas
Objectives:
1. Appreciate the value of institutionalism as one of the social science ideas
2. Create a journal entry examining the constitutive nature of informal and
formal institutions constrain on social behavior with regards to the
implementation of social distancing and home quarantine protocols
during COVID-19 pandemic.
Topic: Institutionalism

Journal Entry

Directions: Create a journal entry examining the constitutive nature of informal

and formal institutions and their actors and how it constrains social behavior with
regards to the implementation of social distancing and home quarantine protocols
during COVID-19 Pandemic. Write your journal entry on a separate sheet of paper.
You may read news articles or surf the internet about COVID-19 specifically on social
distancing and home quarantine protocols in the Philippines.

Criteria for the written output:

Content (in-depth and comprehensive) - 15 points
Organization (presentation of thought) - 10 points
Conventions (grammar, spelling) - 5 points
Total: 30 points

24
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name: Grade and Section:
School: Date: Subject Teacher:

Quarter: 1st Module No.: 8 Week No.: 8

MELC: Analyze the basic concepts and principles of social science ideas
Objectives:
1. Give value on feminist theory as one of the social science ideas
2. Create a journal entry applying the basic concepts and principles of
feminist theory in gender ideology awareness and promoting social
equality in this time of crisis brought by COVID-19 pandemic.

Topic: Feminist Theory

Journal Entry

Directions: Create a journal entry applying the basic concepts and principles of
feminist theory in gender ideology awareness and promoting social equality in this
time of crisis brought by COVID-19 pandemic. Write your journal entry on a
separate sheet of paper. You may read news articles or surf the internet about the
COVID-19 crisis in the Philippines.

Criteria for the written output:

Content (in-depth and comprehensive) - 15 points
Organization (presentation of thought) - 10 points
Conventions (grammar, spelling) - 5 points
Total: 30 points

25