LESSON 1: RATIONAL NUMBERS ( ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS)

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
During and at the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
1. Define arithmetic operations of rational numbers.
2. Identify the different arithmetic operations of rational numbers.
3. Solve rational numbers using arithmetic operations.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Rational Numbers ( Arithmetic Operations)
References: https://www.math-only-math.com/9th-grade-rational-numbers.html
https://www.cuemath.com/numbers/operations-on-rational-
numbers/
Skills to develop: Solving the rational numbers using arithmetic operations
Values Integration: Critical thinking
Time Frame: 60 minutes
Teaching Approaches: Constructivism, Experiential, Discovery and Reflective
Learning

III.PROCEDURE
A. ACTIVITY LYRICS:

"LET'S SING OPERATIONS" Add, subtract, multiply and divide. (x2)

1. The teacher will play a music video Addition is "to combine."

related to the topic for this discussion
about arithmetic operations ( Addition,
Subtraction, Multiplication and Division).
2. The teacher will replay the video and
will allow the students to sing the lyrics.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=GfRrC5S_TFc
One plus one is two.
Subtraction is "to take away."
Two minus one leaves one.
Multiplication makes more groups.
Five times two is ten.
Division is "to split apart."
Twelve divided by three is four.

Add, subtract, multiply and divide. (x4)

 (First the student will listen in the song and
after replaying the student will sing along.)
B. ANALYSIS

"Did you enjoy class?" Yes ma'am

What is the title of the activity? Let's sing operations

What is the title of the song? Add, Subtract, Multiply and Divide Song

What operation did you saw on the video? Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, And
Division.

Yes ma'am!
Do you think it is related to our topic for
today?
Operation ma'am!
If so, what do you think is our topic?

To deeply understand operations are, let's

proceed to our discussion proper and
listen carefully.
C. ABSTRACTION

Before we start our discussion for this

afternoon let's have a short review about
rational number.
What is rational number? Rational numbers (Q) are included in the real
numbers, and in turn include the integers (Z),
which include the natural numbers (N).” Thus,
integers as well as fractions can be expressed
in this form. So, all integers and fractions are
rational numbers.

Very good class, our topic for this day our

connected to rational numbers.

In this lesson, we will explore operations

on rational numbers by learning about
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division of rational numbers along with
their properties.

What is arithmetic operations? An arithmetic operation is specified by

combining operands with one arithmetic
operator. Arithmetic operations can also be
specified by the ADD, SUBTRACT, DIVIDE,
and MULTIPLY built-in functions.

Also Arithmetic Operations are defined on

the rational expressions in the same way
as they are on rational number.

Class in your own idea what are the four

THERE ARE FOUR BASIC
basic arithmetic operations with
ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS WITH
rational numbers? RATIONAL NUMBERS:
 Addition of rational numbers
 Subtraction of rational numbers
ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
 Multiplication of rational numbers
FORMULA
 Division of rational numbers

FOR ALL RATIONAL EXPRESSION

P/Q AND R/Q AND R/S WHERE Q≠ O
AND S ≠ TO 0

Addition- P/Q+R/Q=(P+R)/Q
Subtraction- P/Q-R/Q=(P-R)/Q
Multiplication- P/Q÷R/S=(P×R)/QS
Division- P/Q÷R/S=P/Q×S/R=PS/(QR )
R≠

Addition of Rational Numbers

Ma'am add the rational numbers.

From the word addition, what should we
do in rational numbers?
Adding rational numbers can be done in
the same way as adding fractions.

There are two cases related to the

addition of rational numbers. What are
this?

 Adding rational numbers with like

denominators
To add two or more rational numbers with  Adding rational numbers with different
like denominators, we simply add all the denominators
numerators and write the common
denominator.

Example:
 Add 1/8 and 3/8

Remembers the formula for adding

P/Q+R/Q=(P+R)/Q
Let us understand this with the help of a
number line.
 On the number line, we start from
1/8.
 We will take 3 jumps toward the
right as we are adding 3/8 to it. As
a result, we reach point 4/8
Solution:
1/8 + 3/8 = (1+3) / 8= 1/2
 Thus, 1/8 + 3+8 =12

When rational numbers have different

denominators, the first step is to make
their denominators equivalent using the
LCM of the denominators.
Example:
−1/3 + 3/5

Step 1: The denominators are different in

the given numbers. Let's find the LCM of
3 and 5 to find the common denominator.

What is the LCM of 3 and 5?

LCM of 3 ans 5 is 15
Step 2: Find the equivalent rational
number with the common denominator.
To do this, multiply −1/3 with 5 and 3/5
with 3 −1/3 × 5/5 and − 5/15 = 3/5 × 3/3 =
9/15.
Step 3: Now the denominators are the
same; simply add the numerators and then
copy the common denominator. Always
reduce your final answer to its lowest
term. −1/3+3/5=(−1/3×5/5)+(3/5×3/3)
=−5/5+9/15 =4/15

Subtraction of Rational Numbers

From the word subtraction, means what?

The process of subtraction of rational

numbers is the same as that of addition.
While subtracting two rational numbers on
a number line, we move toward the left. Ma'am it means we should subtract the rational
Let us understand this method using an numbers.
example.

Let's get back to our formula:

P/Q-R/Q=(P-R)/Q

Example:
Subtract 1/2−1/3

Step 1: Find the LCM of the

denominators.
LCM (2, 3) = 6.
Step 2:Convert the numbers into their
equivalents with 6 as the common
denominator. 1/2 × 3/3 = 3/6
1/3 × 2/2 = 2/6
Step 3: Subtract the numbers you obtained
in step 2.
3/6 - 2/6 = 1/6

Multiplication of Rational Numbers

Class what did you mean of Multiplication Multiply
?

Multiplication of rational numbers is

similar to how we multiply fractions. To
multiply any two rational numbers, we
have to follow three simple steps.

Let's get back to our formula:

P/Q÷R/S=(P×R)/QS

Example:
multiply −2/3 X (−4/5).

Step 1: Multiply the numerators.

(−2) × (−4) =8
Step 2: Multiply the denominators.
(3) × (5) =15
Step 3: Reduce the resulting number to its
lowest term. Since it's already in its lowest
term, we can leave it as is.
(−2/3) × (−4/5) = (−2) × (−4) / (3) × (5) =
8/15

Ma'am divide
Division of Rational Numbers

When you heard the word division, what

comes in your mind?

We have learned in the whole number

division that the dividend is divided by the
divisor.
Dividend÷Divisor=Dividend/Divisor.
2 - Divident
3 - Divisor

While dividing any two numbers, we have

to see how many parts of the divisor are
there in the dividend

Let's get back first to the formula:

Thus, P/Q÷R/S=P/Q×S/R=PS/(QR ) R≠

Example:
(-4 /3) / (2/9)
Step 1: Take the reciprocal of the divisor
(the second rational number).
2/9 = 9/2
Step 2: Multiply it to the dividend.
−4/3 × 9/2
Step 3: The product of these two numbers
will be the solution.
(−4 × 9) / (3 × 2)
= (-4 x 3) = -12
= (9 x 2) = 18
= 18 - 12 = 6
Thus, (-4 x 3) / (2/9) is -6.
D. APPLICATION

Now that we know the four basic

arithmetic operation of rational number ,
let' have a group activity to know that you
really understand our lesson for this
afternoon.

Class group yourself into 5 groups.

( The student will count)

"BOARD WORK"
MECHANICS:
1. Each group will be given a board, chalk
and an eraser to write the answer on the
given question.
2. They will answer the following
question. After writing there answer they
will raise the board.
3. The first group who raise there board
will get a point.

"Are you ready class?"

QUESTIONS:
1. Using the properties of rational
numbers, determine the difference Yes ma'am!
between −5/7 and 3/7.
2. Add 2/3 and 2/5
3. Subtract 2/5 and 4/15
POSSIBLE ANSWERS:
4. Multiply 4/9 by 7/5
1. = −5/7−3/7
5. Divide 2/3 by 3/4
= (−5−3)/7
= −8/7
Therefore, the difference is −8/7.

2. 2/3 + 2/5
= 2 x 5/15 + 2 x 3/15
= 10/15 + 6/15
 = 16/15

3. 2/5 - 4/15
= 2 x 3/5 x 3-4/15
= 6/15 - 4/15
= 2/15

4. 4/9 x 7/5
= 28/45

5. (2/3) / (3/4)
= 3/4 = 4/3
= (2 x 4) = 8
= (3 x 3) = 9
= 8/9

E. GENERALIZATION
What have you learned from our (Students will respond)
discussion this morning?

Should we say that you really understand

the concepts basic arithmetic operations
( Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication
and Division)?
Yes Ma'am!

F. VALUING
A while ago, I gave you an activity which
is related to our topic and the song that
you heard and encountered in the music
video are connected to our topic. On the
 video you need to have focus and listen
carefully to understand what it is all
about.Some of you when I ask a question
can't answer because they didn't listen.
Also you make an activity that you need
to help your teamwork some of you not
participating on your group because of
that you can faster or easily get the
answer. So class you need to focus and
help each other especially during group
activity.

Can you give real life situation that you

need to focus and need to help each other?

(Students will say there thoughts).

IV. EVALUATION
Direction: Solve the problems into standard form.
1. Add two rational numbers 2/9 and 3/9.
2. Find the sum of two given rational number 4/3 and 5/2.
3. Subtract two rational numbers 6/3 and 3/2.
4. What is the product of the given rational numbers 6/5 and 4/3.
5. Divide 6/5 and 9/7.

V. ASSIGNMENT
A. MATCHING TYPE: Match the column A to the answer in column B.
A B
1. (7/3) - (5/3) A. 16/15
2. (2/3) + ( 2/5) B. 2/5
3. (5/9) - (4/9) C. 1/9
 4. (3/7) x (4/7) D. 2/3
5. 4/10 with 2 E. 12/49

B. Research and study about multiplicative inverse of rational numbers.