MYP2 Mathematics

Lesson Title Introducing algebraic expressions and equations

- Simplifying expressions
- Collecting like terms (1/2)

MYP Concept(s) Form in MYP mathematics refers to the understanding that the
underlying structure and shape of an entity is distinguished by its
properties. Form provides opportunities for students to appreciate the
aesthetic nature of the constructs used in a discipline.
Simplification: The process of reducing to a less complicated form.
Generalization: A general statement made on the basis of specific
examples.

Guiding  What does it mean to “simplify”?

Question(s)
 Explain if
- every puzzle has a solution;
- every trick can be explained.

MYP Factorizing algebraic expressions

Framework

National Algebraic expressions- Simplifying algebraic expressions:

adding/subtracting like terms (Year 8)

Prerequisite  Terms: monomial, binomial, trinomial and polynomial, degree

Knowledge
 Addition/subtraction with negative numbers

Materials and  Calculator

Resources
 Calendar
  Opening question- Calendar trick (pair work), A3 size calendar
Outline of Activity
- Choose a 3 by 3 section from the calendar and sum all 9
numbers in the section.
- Then I/volunteer will tell which 3 by 3 grid you selected:
Volunteer has an instruction-sum divide by 9, then subtract 8.
The answer is the first number (left up corner) of the section
- Can you explain my trick? In this unit, we will explore the key
to the many tricks.

 Finding two numbers (group work), A3 size worksheet

- 2 consecutive integers, sum=5, product=6
- Sum of 2 consecutive integers is 1999
- Sum of 2 consecutive odd numbers is 8
- Generalization using n

 Calendar trick (group work), A3 size 3 by 3 sections (each group

has a different section)
- Volunteer reveals the trick
- How does the trick work?
- Sum the numbers in the given section
- Within the 3 by 3 section, how do the numbers in each row
related to the first number in that row?
- Within the 3 by 3 section, how do the numbers in each
column relate to the first number in that column?
- When the first number is n, fill in the blanks
- Sum of terms: generalization/simplification
n+(n+1)+(n+2)+(n+7)+(n+8)+(n+9)+(n+14)+(n+15)+(n+16)
= 9n+72 or 9(n+8)
- Verification: Given sum, find n

 Simplify expressions: Collecting like terms (1/2)

- BBC bitesize quiz:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z9yb4wx/articles/zkvxh39#zwhs3qt9

 Extension (divisibility test for 9)

- Can 197 be the sum of 3 by 3 section? Explain your answer?
- The sum is 9(n+8)
- Divisibility rule for 9: Add all digits of the number and then
divide by 9
- 197 is divisible by 9?
 Collecting like terms
Formative
Assessment / - BBC Bitesize online quiz
Home Learning - Worksheet

An algebraic expression is a mathematical phrase that can contain

Special Vocabulary
numbers, variables and mathematical operations (addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division).
Algebraic expressions are often called polynomial, with poly
meaming many, and nomials meaning terms.
(Like) terms
Calendar trick:

Choose a 3 by 3 section from the calendar and sum all 9 numbers in the section
Find 2 numbers:

Question Answer
A.
 2 consecutive integers
 Sum is 5
 Product is 6

B.
 Sum of 2 consecutive integers is 1999

C.
 Sum of 2 consecutive odd integers is 8

 Generalization
- What is relation between each 2 numbers?

- Let n be the first number then what is the next number?

 A:

 B:

 C:

- Using the term n, find answers for A, B and C

 A:

 B:

 C:
 n

 Sum the numbers in the given section

 Within the 3 by 3 section, how do the numbers in each row related to the first number in
that row?
 Within the 3 by 3 section, how do the numbers in each column relate to the first number
in that column?
 When the first number is n, fill in the blanks
 What is the sum in terms of n?
 n

 Sum the numbers in the given section

 Within the 3 by 3 section, how do the numbers in each row related to the first number in
that row?
 Within the 3 by 3 section, how do the numbers in each column relate to the first number
in that column?
 When the first number is n, fill in the blanks
 What is the sum in terms of n?
 n

 Sum the numbers in the given section

 Within the 3 by 3 section, how do the numbers in each row related to the first number in
that row?
 Within the 3 by 3 section, how do the numbers in each column relate to the first number
in that column?
 When the first number is n, fill in the blanks
 What is the sum in terms of n?
 n

 Sum the numbers in the given section

 Within the 3 by 3 section, how do the numbers in each row related to the first number in
that row?
 Within the 3 by 3 section, how do the numbers in each column relate to the first number
in that column?
 When the first number is n, fill in the blanks
 What is the sum in terms of n?
 n

 Sum the numbers in the given section

 Within the 3 by 3 section, how do the numbers in each row related to the first number in
that row?
 Within the 3 by 3 section, how do the numbers in each column relate to the first number
in that column?
 When the first number is n, fill in the blanks
 What is the sum in terms of n?
Collecting like terms:
 In algebraic expression, letters represent unknown numbers (variables). A variable can
have many values or sometimes just one.
 An algebraic expression may be simplified by collecting like terms. To reduce the number
of terms in the expression, like terms are added or subtracted.
 To recognise like terms, look carefully at each term. Like terms may be:
- Constants (number values)
- Terms that use matching variables
- Terms that use matching combinations of variables
- Once like terms are identified, they can be collected and grouped together. The
expression is then ready to be simplified.

Select Quiz in the Jump to menu bar:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z9yb4wx/articles/zkvxh39#zwhs3qt9

My score is out of 10
Home Learning:
Negative number operations

Text information

Video clip
MYP4 Mathematics, Extended
Lesson Title Number sequences (1/2)
- Arithmetic sequences

MYP Concept(s) Patterns: Sets of numbers or objects that follow a specific order or
rule.
Generalization: A general statement made on the basis of specific
examples.
Representation: The manner in which something is presented.

Guiding  What is an arithmetic sequence?

Question(s)
 What is a geometric sequence?
 How can you use the general patterns for sequences to predict
future terms?

MYP Number sequences (prediction, description)

Framework

National Sequences and Series- General sequences (Year 11)

Prerequisite  Notation to describe sequences

Knowledge
 Laws of indices for positive integer powers
 Simultaneous equations

Materials and  Calculator

Resources
 Worksheet
  Order vs sequences (pair work)
Outline of Activity
- 2 sets of numbers: random numbers for sorting in blue,
sequence in red
- Put the numbers in order (ascending/descending/other)
- What is the difference between numbers in blue and red?
Why are some numbers in blue and some in red?
- Terminology: Sequence is a list of numbers. Consecutive
numbers are linked/related by a rule.

 Recognizing a sequence (pair work)

- Find sequence(s) from the given number sets
- Identify a rule linking numbers

 Making a sequence (group work)

- 3 sequences
- 5 numbers for each sequence
- Write your sequences on the paper
- Rotate tables and add the next term or write down a rule you
found
- Come back to seat and verify answers: read out rules on the
paper
- Terminology (categorize rules)
o In an arithmetic sequence the difference between
consecutive terms is constant
o In a geometric sequence the ratio between
consecutive terms is constant

 Term-to-term formula (group work)

- How to write a rule using mathematical notation
o Write 3 arithmetic sequences
o Let be the first term U1
o nth term is Un and the next consecutive term is Un+1
o For your 3 sequences, write a rule using U1, Un and
Un+1 in two algebraic expressions
o Terminology: Common difference, d
 Un+1=Un+d
 d= Un+1- Un
o Using this term-to-term formula, find U10 and U20 for
each sequence
o How convenient to use term-to-term formula to find
nth term, Un

 Position-to-term formula
- Finding the U100 using term-to-term is realistic?
- Come up with an easier way to find U100 and share with your
pair and whole class
- Combine Un+1=Un+d, U1=C to one expression = Write down a
formula for Un in terms of n
o U2=U1+?
o U3=U1+?
o U4=U1+?
- Generalization: Un=U1+(n-1)d
- Application
o Sn+1=Sn+3, S1=4
o Tn+1=Tn-2, T1=5
- Practice: worksheet

 Final thought: What is it about a real-life problem that means an

arithmetic sequence will be appropriate?
  Position-to-term formula applications
Formative
- Sn+1=Sn+3, S1=4
Assessment /
- Tn+1=Tn-2, T1=5
Home Learning
 Online home learning:
https://www.math10.com/tests/arithmetic-sequences-difficult-
test.html

Special Vocabulary  Arithmetic sequence

 Geometric sequence
 Common difference
Find sequences and linking rules:
A. 1, 8, 15, 22, 29
B. 12, 24, 36, 48, 60
C. 11, 15, 19, 23, 27

D.
E. 100, 200, 400, 500, 700
F. 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600

Find sequences and linking rules:

A. 1, 8, 15, 22, 29
B. 12, 24, 36, 48, 60
C. 11, 15, 19, 23, 27

D.
E. 100, 200, 400, 500, 700
F. 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600

Find sequences and linking rules:

A. 1, 8, 15, 22, 29
B. 12, 24, 36, 48, 60
C. 11, 15, 19, 23, 27

D.
E. 100, 200, 400, 500, 700
F. 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600
3 sequences
A.

B.

C.
 Let be the first term U1
 nth term is Un and the next consecutive term is Un+1
 For your 3 sequences, write a rule using U1, Un and Un+1 in two algebraic expressions

A.

Rule:

B.

Rule:

C.

Rule:
A.

 U2=U1+?
 U3=U1+?
 U4=U1+?
 U100=
B.

 U2=U1+?
 U3=U1+?
 U4=U1+?
 U100=
C.

 U2=U1+?
 U3=U1+?
 U4=U1+?
 U100=
Generalization:
This is called position-to-term/explicit formula
Applications: term-to-term formula to explicit
formula
- Sn+1=Sn+3, S1=4
- Tn+1=Tn-2, T1=5

Practice
1. Find the first term and common difference of each arithmetic progression.

2. An arithmetic sequence has first term 4 and second term 7. Find its tenth term.

3. An arithmetic sequence has second term 19 and common difference 4. Find its eighth
term.

4. An arithmetic sequence has third term 11 and fifth term 6. Find its first term, tenth term
and common difference.

5. An arithmetic sequence ahs first term 3. The third term is three times the second term.
Find the value of second and third term.

6. An arithmetic sequence has sixth term 15 and ninth term 16. Find its common difference.
Determine which term has value 22.

7. Two arithmetic sequences have the same first term. The 5th term of the first sequence and
the 4th term of the second are both equal to 16. The 9th term of the first sequence and the 7th
term of the second are both equal to 28. Find the first term of each sequence and their
common differences.

What is it about a real-life problem that means an arithmetic sequence will be appropriate?
Examples of Real-Life Arithmetic Sequences
https://timefliesedu.com/2019/12/17/examples-of-real-life-arithmetic-sequences/

Online home learning:

https://www.math10.com/tests/arithmetic-sequences-difficult-test.html