FORM 5 CHAPTER 2: ELECTRICITY

2.1 Electric fields and charge flow [ ……./ 25 x 100 = …………..%]

A student is able to :
 describe an electric field.
 sketch electric field lines showing the direction of the field.
 state the relationship between electric charge and electric current.
 define an electric current

1. An electric field exists in the space surrounding a (1) charged body.

2. Draw the patterns of electric field lines of the charges below:

(a) (2) (b) (3)

(b) (4) (d) (5)

3. Like charges (6) repel each other , unlike charges (7) attract each other.

4. An electric current is defined as (8) the rate of flow of electric charge.

Electric current, , (Q measured in (9) coulomb, C)

5. Electric current is measured with an (10) ammeter in SI unit (11) ampere, A

1
Exercise

2
1. A charge of 30 coulombs flows
through a bulb in1 minute. What
is the current flowing in the bulb?
4. A fuse wire will burn if a current of
13A flows through it for 100ms.
Determine
(a) the quantity of charge that
flows through the fuse wire.

Q= I t
=13A x [100x10-3] s
=1.3C
(15)
= 0.5A (12)
(b) the number of electrons that
flow through the fuse wire if
2. A car battery can supply a current
the charge on 1 electron is
of 4A for 5s. What is the amount of
1.6x10-19C.
charge stored in the battery?
Q= I t
Q= no of electrons x 1.6x10-19C
= 4A x 5s
1.3 C = no of electrons x 1.6x10-19C
= 20C (13)
No. of electron = 1.3 C ÷ 1.6x10-19C
3. A current of 2.0A flows through a
= 8.125x10-18
lamp. How long does it take for
1000 C of charges to flow through
the lamp?

3
 (14) (16)

5. Draw the symbols of these electrical items.

(17) Cells (21)

ammeter A

(18) (22)
voltmeter V Switch : open
(19) (23)
connecting wire : closed
___________
(20) (24)
bulb
resistor
(25)
rheostat

2.2 The relationship between electric current and potential difference

[ ……./30 x 100 = ……….% ]

A student is able to :

 define potential difference.

 describe the relationship between current and potential difference.
 state Ohm’s Law
 define resistance
 explain factors that affect resistance
 solve problems involving potential difference, current and resistance.

1. The (1) potential difference, V, between two points in a circuit is defined as the
(2) work done, W, in moving (3) one coulomb of charge from one point to the
other point.
It is measured with a (4) voltmeter in SI unit (5) volt, V

2. Sketch a graph to show the relationship between potential difference ,V and

current, I for a resistor that obeys Ohm’s law.

V/V

4
I/A
 (6)
3. State the Ohm’s law.

Ohm’s law state that the (7) current that passes through an ohmic conductor is
(8) directly proportional to the (9) potential difference applied across it if the
(10) temperature and other physical conditions are constant.

By Ohm’s law, V  I ,
= constant [ known to be the resistance,R ]

4. The (11) resistance, R of a conductor is defined as the ratio of the potential

difference,V, across the conductor to the current, I, flowing through the
conductor.
R=

5. In the table below, write down the relevant hypothesis for each of the
experiments to investigate the factors affecting the resistance, R of the
conductor.

Factors Diagram Hypothesis Graph

The resistance,R is
Length of the
conductor, l

(12) directly proportional to

the length of the conductor
sectional area of
the conductor, A

The resistance,R is
The cross-

(13) inversely proportional

to the cross-sectional area
of the conductor

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 Different conductors with

material of the
The type of
the same physical

conductor
conditions have different
resistance
The temperature
of the conductor

The higher the temperature

of the conductor, the higher
the (14) resistance,R

6. What are the factors affecting the resistance of a conductor?

a) (15) the length of the conductor
b) (16) the cross-sectional area of the conductor
c) (17) type of material of the conductor
d) (18) the temperature of the conductor

Exercise

1. In the diagrams below, determine the values for V, I and R.

V=? 9V
(a) (b)

1.5A A I=? A

6Ω 6Ω

I=1.5A (19) R=6Ω (22)

R=6Ω (20) V=9V (23)

V=IR
=1.5x6

6
 =9V (21)

(24)

(c) 12V
(d)
240V

3mA A I=? A

R=? 2kΩ

I=3mA (25) R=2kΩ (28)

V=12V (26) V=240V (29)

(27) (30)

2.3 Series and parallel circuits [ ………./ 35 x 100 % = ……….]

A students is able to :

 identify series and parallel circuits.

 compare the current and potential difference of series circuits and parallel
circuits.
 determine the effective resistance of resistors connected in series.
 determine the effective resistance of resistors connected in parallel.
 solve problems involving current, potential difference and resistance in
series circuit, parallel circuits and their combinations.

1. Match the circuits below

(1) Parallel circuit

7
 (2)
Series circuit

2.

Series circuit Parallel circuit

1. 1.
2. 2.
3.
3.

4. Has only (3) one path for the current to
flow.
5. The current is the (5) same throughout
the circuit.
6. The component with the largest
resistance has the (7) highest
potential difference across it.
7. (9) No current flows when the switch is
open.
3. Determine the total effective resistance between point X and Y.
4. Has (4) more than one path for the
current to flow
5. The current is different at (6) different
Points in the circuit.
6. The potential different across all the
components is the (8) same
7. No current flows only in the branch that
is open. Current (10) continues to flow
in other branches that are closed.

Answer Answer Answer

(b) (c)
R=2+5+3+10
=20Ω
(11)

8
 (12)
R =

= 1.25 A
(13)

Answer Answer Answer

(14) (15) (16)

9
Answer Answer

(17)

10
 Finally

(18)
4. In the circuits below, determine the reading of the ammeter marked by ‘?’

(a) 1A (19) (b) 0.5A (20)

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 (c) 3A (21) (d) 2A+1A=3A (22)

(e) 2A+3A=5A (23)

(f) 2A (24)

(g) 3A-1A=2A (25)

(h) 3A-(1A-0.5A)=1.5A (26)

5. In the circuits below, determine the reading of the voltmeter marked by ‘?’

(a) 3V-2V=1V (b) 3V+2V=5V (c) 2V+4V=6V

(27) (28) (29)

(d) 6V-(2V+1V)=3V (e) 3V (f) 3V

(30) (31) (32)

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6. A 8Ω resistor and a 12Ω resistor are connected in series. The current in the 8Ω
resistor is 1.5A and the potential difference across it is 12V. What is the current
and the potential difference across the 12Ω resistance?

I =1.5A (33)
V =I R
=1.5x12
=18V (34)

6. When two identical resistors are connected in parallel, the effective resistance is
3Ω. What is the effective resistance if the two resistors are connected in series?

(35)
2.4 Electromotive force and internal resistance [ ……../ 15 x 1000 = ………%]

A student is able to :

 Define electromotive force (e.m.f.).

 Explain internal resistance.
 Determine e.m.f. and internal resistance.
 Solve problems involving e.m.f. and internal resistance

1. The electromotive force (e.m.f.) is defined as the (1) work done by a source in
driving (2) one coulomb of charge through a complete circuit.

2. The internal resistance, r of cell is due to opposing flows of (3) electron in the
electrolyte within the electrodes in a closed circuit.

3. Calculate the e.m.f of the following sources in the diagram below.

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 Answer Answer

E= 1.5+1.5+1.5 E=1.5-1.5+1.5
=4.5V =1.5V
(4) (5)

Answer Answer

E=1.5V E=1.5+1.5+1.5
=4.5V
(6) (7)

4.
E

The equation for the graph above is given by :

V= potential difference
V = -r I + E r= internal resistance
E= e.m.f. of cell
I = Current

From the V-I graph show how you determine the value of

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 (a) e.m.f, E

(8) show the extrapolation to the intercept at V-axis

(9) E=3.0V

(b) internal resistance, r.

(10) draw a big triangle.

(11) substitution and answer with correct unit.

5. A dry cell has an electromotive force, e.m.f. of 3.0 V and internal resistance, r of
0.5 Ω is connected in series with a resistor, R Ω. If a current of 0.4 A flows
through the circuit, calculate
(a) the potential difference across the resistor R
E = V+ I r
3.0 = V+0.4(0.5)
V =3.0-0.2
=2.8V (12)
(b) resistance R

(13)

6. A dry cell with an internal resistance of 2.0Ω is connected to a bulb. The potential
difference across the bulb is 2.4V when the current flow is 0.3A. Determine the
e.m.f of the dry cell.

E = V+Ir
= 2.4+0.3(2)
= 3.0V

(14)

7. A cell of e.m.f 12V and internal resistance r Ω is connected to a bulb with

resistance 2Ω . The current in the circuit is 5A. What is the internal resistance of
the cell?

E = I (R+r)

15
 12 = 5 (2+ r)
12 =10 + 5 r

R = 0.4 Ω

(15)

2.5 Electrical energy and power [ ………/ 16 x 100 = …………%]

A student is able to :

 Define electrical energy

 Define electric power
 Solve problems involving electrical energy and power

1. (1) Electrical energy, E, is released when electric charges flow through any two
points in an electric circuit.

2. One joule of electrical energy is released when (1) 1 coulomb of electric charge
flows through a potential difference of (3) 1 volt. Electrical energy, E, is measured
in (4) joule, J.

Electrical energy, E = V Q V, potential difference

Q, number of charges

E =VIt (5)
= I2R t (6)

3. (7) Power is defined as the rate of energy dissipated by a resistor.

SI unit for power is(8) watt, W.

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 Hence, Power = energy dissipated (9)
time taken
= VI

4. Efficiency = energy output X 100%

energy input
= power output x 100% (10)
power input

Exercise
1. A toy car is operated with a battery of voltage 3.0V and the current flow is 7.0A.
Find :
(i) the power delivered to the motor
(ii) energy dissipated in the motor in 6.5 minutes of operation.

(i) P=IV
= (7.0)(3)
= 21 W (11)

(ii) E= P t
=VIt
=(3)(7.0)(6.5x60)
= 8190 J (12)

2. A 40W fluorescent lamp transfer 60% of the electrical energy to light energy.
How much light energy does it emit in two minutes.

E= P t
=(40) (2 x 60) x
= 2.88 kJ (13)

3. An electric kettle with a power of 2kW is used for 10 minutes, three times a day.
If the cost of electricity is 25 cent per unit, what is the cost of operating the kettle
for 30 days?

17
 (14)
7. A motor which is connected to a 120V DC voltage source produces 320W of
mechanical power. The current from the voltage source is 3.0A.

(a) what is the input power of the

motor?
Input power, P = I V
=(3)(120)
= 360 W

(15)

(b) what is the motor’s efficiency?

(16)

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