10-04-2022

10-APRIL-2022

The Hindu News Analysis – 10th April 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1 Code red (FAQ) 18 13 13 13 13

2 ‘Micro-swimmers' may soon help with drug delivery 17 12 12 12 12

3 ‘People ignore early signs of Parkinson’s’ 11 - - - -

4 Ozone, climate change 17 12 12 12 12

5 Bones of Spinosaurus 17 12 12 12 12

6 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video
7 Mains Practice Question
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

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Pg: 18 – C;
Pg: 13 – B, D, H, T

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
 Current events of national and international importance.
 General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change - that do not require subject
specialization.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
General Studies‐ II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interest.
 Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
PAPER-IV
General Studies‐ III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster
Management.
 Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation , environmental impact assessment.

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IPCC Members of IPCC

• United Nations body for assessing the science • 195 member countries.
related to climate change.
• The member counties of IPCC are either
• 1988. members of the United Nations or members of

• World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the WMO

the United Nations Environment Programme Who prepares the report

(UNEP).

Objectives of IPCC

• To provide policymakers with regular scientific

assessments.

• To provide implications and potential future

risks associated with climate change.

• Adaptation and mitigation strategy.

Important findings of the report

Global net anthropogenic data

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Important findings of the report

Per-Unit cost of renewable energy data

Important findings of the report Data on finances

Data on limiting global warming

• Even if countries stick to Nationally

Determined Contributions, global warming will
still exceed 1.5°C during the 21st century
itself.

• Global temperature stabilizes once CO2

emission reached net zero

 2050 Net Zero CO2 emission – temperature

rise limited to 1.5°C

 2070 Net Zero CO2 emission – temperature

rise limited to 2°C

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Implications of this report on India

• Report – All coal fired power plants without

CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) Technology
should be shutdown before 2050 to limit
• India needs coal fired power plants to fuel
temperature rise below 1.5°C.
its developmental needs.
• Data on India
• Historical responsibility – developed counties.
 10% of global coal fired power production.
• Developed countries should mitigation efforts in
 India has 211 GW of coal fired power plant
developing countries.
(31 GW construction phase, 24GW
preconstruction phase).

 No coal fired power plant in India has CCS

technology.

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Practice Question – Mains

GS – II/III
Q. In the context of recent Working Group III
report of the IPCC, mention some of the
major findings of the report. What are
the implications of this report on India.
(150 Words, 10 Marks)

Pg: 17 – C;
Pg: 12 – B, D, H, T

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Need for targeted drug delivery Why developing artificial microswimmers is

difficult
• Medicine today act on both diseased and
healthy cells equally. • Swimming become difficult with increasing
viscosity of the liquid.
• This results in toxicity build-up or damage to
the healthy cells. • In microscopic level viscosity is very high.

Microswimmers or Microbots • Microswimmers use light energy to propel

forward.
• Microscopic objects with the ability to move
in liquid environments.

• Natural microswimmers – Bacteria, archaea,

sperm and micro animals.

• Artificial Microswimmers – Developed by

scientists and engineers.

Working of light activated microswimmer

How the difficultly is overcome • Photocatalytic substance get excited in the

presence of light energy.
• Using light energy as fuel.
• Light energy create negatively charged
• Material used
electrons and positively charged holes.
 Two dimensional object.
• Positive and negative charges will react with
 Poly (heptazine imide) carbon nitride or fluids surrounding the liquid.
PHI carbon nitride.
• Chemical reaction in the surrounding fluid and
 1 – 10 micrometre. charges in the microswimmer will help it
propel forward
 Photocatalytic in nature.
• Light energy can be used to direct movement,
hence this technology used in targeted drug
delivery.

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Which of the following are the potential

applications of light activated microswimmers?

1. Environmental remediation

2. Hydrogen evolution

3. Targeted drug delivery

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

a) 1 and 3 only

b) 2 and 3 only

c) 3 only

d) All of the above

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Pg: 11 – Chennai Edition

Parkinson’s disease

• A common chronic degenerative disorder of CNS.

• A disabling disease of ageing population.

• Affects mobility and locomotion.

• Classified as a movement disorder.

• Two types - origin

 Primary or idiopathic - cause of cell death not fully

understood.

 Hereditary basis or it can be sporadic in nature.

 Secondary or acquired - disease linked to offending

agents - drugs, toxins, infection, tumour etc.

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Causes

• A loss of nerve cells - substantia nigra.

• Nerve cells – dopamine production.

• Dopamine - a messenger in the nervous system.

• Helps control & co-ordinate body movements.

• Nerve cells damaged or die – dopamine reduced.

• Brain part controlling movement cannot work –

slow movements & abnormal.

• Loss of nerve cells - slow process.

• Dopamine level falls over time.

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• 80% of nerve cells in substantia nigra – lost.

• Symptoms appear & gradually become more severe.

• Most people - idiopathic disease - no specific known cause.

• Possible factors associated with the Parkinson's disease

 Familial occurrence in small number of patients

 Environment factors have been associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's including:

 Pesticide exposure

 Head injuries

 Air pollution related to road traffic

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with
reference to Parkinson’s disease?
1. It is a acute degenerative disorder of the
central nervous system.
2. It affects mobility and locomotion.
3. They can be easily diagnosed using X-ray
machines.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) All the above

Pg: 17 – C;
Pg: 12 – B, D, H, T

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Presence
Ozone
• Natural and a man-made product.
• A triatomic allotrope of oxygen.
• Earth's upper atmosphere - stratosphere
• Distinctive odour of air after a
• Lower atmosphere - troposphere.
thunderstorm or around electrical
equipment. • Good or Bad - Depending on where it is in the
atmosphere.
• An irritating pale blue gas that
is explosive and toxic.

• Even at low concentrations -

highly reactive gas.

Stratospheric ozone

• Naturally formed through the UV radiation interaction with O2.

• Ozone layer above Earth's surface - reduces harmful UV radiation reaching Earth's surface.

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Tropospheric ozone

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with
reference to Ozone?
1. Ozone is formed only in the Stratosphere
layer of the atmosphere.

2. Reduction in Stratospheric Ozone causes

several harm to human beings, animals, etc.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Pg: 17 – C;
Pg: 12 – B, D, H, T

Spinosaurus

• Family Spinosauridae

• North African fossils - Cenomanian times - 100 to 94

million years ago.

• Spined reptile.

• Named for its “sail back” feature.

• Created by tall vertebral spines.

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• Related taxa in the family Spinosauridae include

 Baryonyx from England

 Irritator from Brazil

 Suchomimus from Niger

• Longer and heavier than Tyrannosaurus

Spinosaurus Tyrannosaurus

• Largest known carnivorous dinosaur.

• A skull - 6 feet long, a body length of 14–18 metres and an estimated mass of 12,000–20,000 kg.

• Adaptation for piscivory - fish consumption.

• Bones of its skeleton - more compact and denser.

• Primarily an aquatic predator rather than a terrestrial one.

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with
reference to Spinosaurus?
1. They are carnivore dinosaur.
2. They are longer and heavier than
Tyrannosaurus.
Which of the above statements is/are correct
?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with
reference to Parkinson’s disease?
1. It is a acute degenerative disorder of the
central nervous system.
2. It affects mobility and locomotion.
3. They can be easily diagnosed using X-ray
machines.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) All the above

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Which of the following are the potential

applications of light activated microswimmers?

1. Environmental remediation

2. Hydrogen evolution

3. Targeted drug delivery

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

a) 1 and 3 only

b) 2 and 3 only

c) 3 only

d) All of the above

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 10-04-2022

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with
reference to Ozone?
1. Ozone is formed only in the Stratosphere
layer of the atmosphere.

2. Reduction in Stratospheric Ozone causes

several harm to human beings, animals, etc.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with
reference to Spinosaurus?
1. They are carnivore dinosaur.
2. They are longer and heavier than
Tyrannosaurus.
Which of the above statements is/are correct
?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Practice Question – Mains

Prelims Practice Question – Answers
GS – II/III
Q1. Option b
Q. In the context of recent Working Group III
Q1. Option d report of the IPCC. Mention some of the
Q1. Option b major findings of the report. What are
the implications of this report on India.
Q1. Option c
(150 Words, 10 Marks)

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