Group Number Group Members

8 Aleyna Ceyhan, İlayda Nur Güzel, Elif Toprak, İpek Erdinç, Nijat Tarverdiyev

ChE 801 Chemical Engineering Design-I

Aniline Production from Nitrobenzene
Distillation Prereport
F12 kmol/h F13 kmol/h F14 kmol/h F15 kmol/h F16 kmol/h
Hydrogen 0 0 0 0 0
Water 87.493 86.618 0.875 0.866 85.752
Aniline 161.871 161.871 0 160.252 1.619
Nitrobenzene 4.612 0.046 4.565 0 0.046
Total 253.976 248.535 5.44 161.118 87.417

Distillation Column-I

T13=Tdew = 152.029 ᵒC & T14=Tbubble = 207.274 ᵒC

Light Key: Aniline & Heavy Key: Nitrobenzene

All the calculations are same for Distillation Column-I and II. Therefore; only distillation
column-II calculations were shown.

Distillation Column-II

T15=Tdew = 99.92 ᵒC & T16=Tbubble = 181.23 ᵒC

Light Key: Water & Heavy Key: Aniline

Mole Fractions:

xAn,f: 86.618/248.535 = 0.348 xAn,d: 0.866/161.118 = 0.00537

xW,f: 161.871/248.535 = 0.6513 xW,d: 160.252/161.118 = 0.9946

xNB,f: 0.046/248.535 = 0.000185 xNB,d: 0

xAn,b: 85.752/87.417 = 0.98 xW,b: 1.619/87.417 = 0.0185 xNB,b: 0.046/87.417 = 0.0005262

Ki Calculation: Ki=pi0/P

According to Antoine equations firstly found P (mmHg) values for Nitrobenzene, Aniline and
Water. After that Ki calculation has made separately.

K, NB(T15) K, Aniline(T15) K,Water(T15) K, NB(T16) K, Aniline(T16) K, Water(T16)

 Group Number Group Members
8 Aleyna Ceyhan, İlayda Nur Güzel, Elif Toprak, İpek Erdinç, Nijat Tarverdiyev

0.0050 0.0069 0.0234 0.0169 0.0227 0.0644

Relative Volatility: α=P*i/P*j

By helping of Antoine Equations given above, calculated relative volatiliy;

NB (at T=T15) 0.7157 NB (at T=T16) 0.7456

Aniline (at T=T15) 1 (HK) Aniline (at T=T16) 1

Water (at T=T15) 3.3824 (LK) Water (at T=T16) 2.8327

Average Volatiliy:

For NB: (0.715+0.745) /2 = 0.7306

For Aniline: (1+1) /2 =1

For Water: (3.38+2.83) /2 = 3.1075

Minimum Number of Trays Calculation:

𝑥𝐿𝐾,𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑥𝐻𝐾,𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚
log ×
𝑥𝐻𝐾,𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑥𝐿𝐾,𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜 𝑚
𝑁𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
log 𝛼𝐿𝐾,𝑎𝑣𝑔

160.252 85.752
log[( )∗( )]
1.619 0.866
Nmin = = 8.1055
log⁡(3.107)

q Thermal Feed Condition Calculation

𝑘𝑗
λ𝑚𝑖𝑥 = 1548.005
𝑘𝑔

cpmix = 28.522⁡kj/kgK

28.522 ∗ (152.029 − 25)

𝑞 = 1+ = 3.3405
1548.005
 Group Number Group Members
8 Aleyna Ceyhan, İlayda Nur Güzel, Elif Toprak, İpek Erdinç, Nijat Tarverdiyev

θ Calculation for Feed:

θ calculation

xAn,f*a 0,3485 θ (assumed) -3,3415

xW,f*a 2,0239 1,1043 1,0103

xNB,f*a 0,0001 -0,0004

This value must be
Total -2,3315 equal 1- q

θ Calculation for Distillate:

θ calculation

xAn,d*a 0,0054 θ (assumed) -0,0515

xW,d*a 3,0908 1,1043 1,5429

xNB,d*a 0 0

Total 1,4914

Minimum Reflux Ratio Calculation:

Rm: 1.491 – 1 = 0.4914

Rm / (Rm + 1) = 0.3295
 Group Number Group Members
8 Aleyna Ceyhan, İlayda Nur Güzel, Elif Toprak, İpek Erdinç, Nijat Tarverdiyev

First Iteration:

R= 1.04

R / (R +1) from the graph given above = 0.43

Nm / N = 0.6

Nmin / 0.6 = 8.10 / 0.6 = 13.5092

Second Iteration:

R= 0.92

R / (R +1) from the graph given above = 0.43

Nm / N = 0.55

Nmin / 0.6 = 8.10 / 0.55 = 14.7373

R / (R +1) from the graph given above = 0.41

R= 0.92

Feed Point Calculation:

According to formula given above;

Nr / Ns = 1.2904

Nr = 1.29Ns

Nr + Ns = 13.509 – 1 = 12.5092 Ns1 = 5 Nr1 = 7

Nr + Ns = 14.737 – 1 = 13.7373 Ns2 = 6 Nr2 = 8

Calculation of Heat Load Reboiler & Condenser:

𝐺=𝐿+𝐷 and 𝑅𝐷=𝐿/𝐷 which is 𝐿̅ = (𝑞∗𝐹) + 𝐿

𝐿̅1 = (3.34∗248.535) + (0.511∗161.118) = 912.5717 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ and then; 𝐿̅2 = 903.0711 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
 Group Number Group Members
8 Aleyna Ceyhan, İlayda Nur Güzel, Elif Toprak, İpek Erdinç, Nijat Tarverdiyev

𝐿̅=𝐺̅+𝑊 and after that; 𝑊=87.417 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ 𝐺̅1=825.1547 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ; 𝐺̅2 = 815.6541 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
𝐺=𝑅𝐷∗D+𝐷; 𝐺1=243.4560 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ then; 𝐺2=233.9555 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
Latent Heat mix=41.144 kj/mol
• Heat Load for Reboiler
𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 = 𝐺̅×𝜆𝑚𝑖𝑥; 𝑄1=9430.6013 𝑘𝐽/𝑠; 𝑄2=9322.0206 𝑘𝐽/𝑠
• Heat Load for Condenser
𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟 = 𝐺×(−𝜆𝑚𝑖𝑥); 𝑄1=−10016.7555 𝑘𝐽/𝑠; 𝑄2=−9625.8652 𝑘𝐽/𝑠

Distillation Column 1 Distillation Column 2

𝛼NB, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 1 0.7306

𝛼𝐻2, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 0 0

𝛼𝐴𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 1.3435 1

𝛼𝐻2𝑂, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 3.8370 3.1075

q 1 3.3405
𝜃 1.0081 1.1043
Nmin 31.1351 8.1055
Reflux Ratios According to 1st and 2nd Iterations
Rmin 1.2567 0.4914
R 1st: 1.85 2nd: 1.7 1st: 1.04 2nd: 0.92
Rm/(Rm+1) 0.5569 0.3295
Nm/N 1st: 0.6 2nd: 0.55 1st: 0.6 2nd: 0.55
N 1st: 51.8918 2nd: 56.6092 1st: 13.5092 2nd: 14.7373

NR/NS 4.0335 1.2904

NS Ns1: 10 Ns2: 11 Ns1: 5 Ns2: 6

NR Nr1: 41 Nr2: 45 Nr1: 7 Nr2: 8

1st & 2nd 1st & 2nd

RD 2.3249 2.1364 0.5110 0.4521
𝐿̅ (kmol/h) 831.7940 784.9439 912.5717 903.0711
G (kmol/h) 826.3530 779.5029 243.4560 233.9555
𝐺̅ (kmol/h) 826.3540 779.5039 825.1547 815.6541
Qload, reboiler (kJ/s) 11277.0889 10637.7348 9430.6013 9322.0206
Qload, condenser (kJ/s) -11277.0753 -10637.7212 -2782.4321 -2673.8514