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Engineering Drawing
Engineering Drawing
Courses outline
Example
Example
Graphics
language
Describe a shape
(mainly).
Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
Lec. Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood 15
Basic Knowledge for Drafting
Graphics Word
language language
Perspective Parallel
Oblique Orthographic
Axonometric Multiview
Lec. Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood 18
PROJECTION THEORY
Line of sight
Line of sight
1) It is difficult to create.
2) It does not reveal exact
shape and size. Width is distorted
Two-Point
2
1 5 2 3 4
5
3
4
Projection plane
What it looks
like pictorially
/ Orthographic
Two dimensions of an
object is shown. Tilt
More than one view is needed
to represent the object.
Multiview drawing
Axonometric drawing
Lec. Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood 33
Multiview Drawing
Advantage It represents accurate shape and size.
Circular hole
becomes ellipse.
A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420 A1
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189
(Dimensions in millimeters) A0
c
d
d c Drawing
Border Drawing space
space Title block
lines Title block
c
6Break Line
7Cutting-plane Line
8Visible Line
10
Center Line (of motion)
Leader
Phantom
14
Line
13
Section Line
12
SECTION A-A 11
VIEW B-B
Uniformity - size
- line thickness
Lec. Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood 78
Example Placement of the text on drawing
Dimension & Notes
3 6
3
2
Lec. Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood 81
Suggested Strokes Sequence
Upper-case letters & Numerals
Straight line
letters
Curved line
letters
Curved line
letters &
Numerals
E H
V X W
Y A 4
R J 1 2
5 7
8 9
l i
d p q e
u s
JIRAPONG
B) Uniform spacing
J IR A P O N G
Which one is easier to read ? 96
Word Composition
Spacing
JIRAPONG
| )(
\/
|(
\
Contour || || )|
General conclusions are:
Space between the letters depends on the contour of
the letters at an adjacent side.
Good spacing creates approximately equal background
area between letters.
Lec. Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood 97
Example : Good and Poor Lettering
GOOD
Example
Angle Dimensions
• Length
– English - Inches, unless
otherwise stated
• Up to 72 inches – feet and
inches over
– SI – millimeter, mm
• Angle
– degrees, minutes, seconds
Lec. Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood 107
Elements of a dimensioned drawing (Be familiar
with these terms
109
Dimensioning Holes
111
Drilled Holes, Counter bores and Countersinks
• Dimension the one vertex for an angled face, the other vertex is determined by an
intersection.
• Chamfers are generally 45 with the width of the face specified. 113
Rounded Bars and Slots
• The rounded end of a bar or slot has a radius that is 1/2 its width.
• Use R to denote this radius, do not dimension it twice.
• Locate the center of the arc, or the center of the slot.
114
Limits of Size
• All dimensions have minimum and maximum values
specified by the tolerance block.
• Tolerances accumulate in a chain of dimensions.
• Accumulation can be avoided by using a single baseline.
115
Fit Between Parts
1. Clearance fit: The shaft maximum diameter is smaller than the hole minimum
diameter.
2. Interference fit: The shaft minimum diameter is larger than the hole maximum
diameter.
3. Transition fit: The shaft maximum diameter and hole minimum have an interference
fit, while the shaft minimum diameter and hole maximum diameter have a clearance
fit
116
Dimensioning standards
P. 117
Dimension text placement
P. 118
Unidirectional or aligned dimensioning?
120
Dimensioning Basic Shapes -Assumptions
• Perpendicularity
– Assume lines that appear
perpendicular to be 90° unless
otherwise noted
• Symmetry
– If a part appears symmetrical – it is
(unless it is dimensioned
otherwise)
– Holes in the center of a cylindrical
object are automatically located
121
Dimensioning Basic Shapes
• Rectangular Prism
122
Dimensioning Basic Shapes
• Cylinders
– Positive
– Negative
123
Dimensioning Basic Shapes
• Cone Frustum
124
Dimensioning Basic Shapes
• Circle Pattern Center Lines
Yes No
• T. Dragomatz
• “Introduction to Engineering”, by Paul Wright
• “Design Dimensioning and Tolerance”, by J. M.
McCarthy
• Dr. Ashish K Darpe