Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Engineering
Graphics
Spring Semester
2021
Lecture 2
Projection Theory
(Part: One)
OBJECT FEATURES
Edges are lines that represent the boundary
between two faces.
Limit
Limit
PROJECTION THEORY
Perspective Parallel
Oblique Orthographic
Axonometric Multiview
Line of sight is an imaginary ray of light between an
observer’s eye and an object.(projectors)
Line of sight
Line of sight
Plane of projection is an imaginary flat plane which
the image is created.
2
1 5 2 3 4
5
3
Projection plane
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
Orthographic view depends on relative position of the object
to the line of sight.
Rotate
Two dimensions of an
object is shown. Tilt
Multiview drawing
Axonometric drawing
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
NOTES
Circular hole
becomes ellipse.
Adjacent view(s)
is needed to
Depth
Height fulfill the size
description.
Width Depth
Height
Width Depth 14
TO OBTAIN MULTIVIEW
REPRESENTATION OF AN OBJECT
Top view
Rear view
Bottom view 18
History
Depth
Width
Height
19
Six Principal View
(Object in Glass Box)
Page 20 of 30
Six Principal Views
Six principal views produced
by mutually perpendicular
planes of projection.
Page 21 of 30
PROJECTION SYSTEMS
1. First angle system
- European country
- ISO standard First Quadrant
Third
Quadrant
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
1st angle system 3rd angle system
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1st angle system 3rd angle system
Folding
line
Folding
line
Folding
line
Folding
line
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1st angle system 3rd angle system