Questions for Test 1

The list of questions for the Test contains all questions that are listed
below. For week three it would be great to answer at least questions that
are in bold or 1-8 th.

1. What is the first and most important aim of descriptive

geometry?

- to give theoretical and practical knowledges of making and reading

drawings, to develop the ability of conseption of space and graphic
modelling skills, to solve space geometrical tasks by means of
drawings and images. Descriptive geometry's foremost goal is to help
us accurately translate three-dimensional objects and their spatial
arrangements onto a two-dimensional surface. This fundamental skill
is crucial for professionals like engineers and architects, making it
easier to visualize complex ideas effectively.

2. What is the difference between central and orthogonal

projection?

- Central projection is a kind of projection in which all projecting rays

come from one point called focus, but orthogonal projection also
known as parallel projection is a kind of projection in which projecting
rays come from an infinitely distant point and they are all parallel.
 3. What are the types of parallel projections and how do these
projections differ from each other?

- Parallel projection is divided into oblique projection and orthographic

projection. Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in
which all the projection lines are perpendicular to the projection plane,
but oblique projection the projection lines are not perpendicular to the
projection plane. Orthographic projection is precise and technical,
while oblique projection is visually engaging but less accurate.

4. In what case a straight-line projection is a point?

- A straight-line projection becomes a point when the projection lines are

parallel to the direction of the projection.

5. In what case a planar object parallel projection is a straight

line?

- A planar object in parallel projection appears as a straight line when

the projection lines are parallel to the plane of the object. In this case,
the parallel projection lines do not converge, resulting in a linear
representation of the planar object (two-dimensional object, that exists in
a three-dimensional space).

6. What is the distortion factor of a straight-line segment?

- Distortion coefficent shows how many times the length of the line
segment projection is different to the true length of the line section.

7. In what limits may the distortion factor of a straight line segment

become: 1) an orthogonal projection, 2) a parallel projection?

- 1) 2)

8. What shape will the circle parallel projection take, if it is: 1)

parallel to rays 2) parallel to the screen?

- 1) a line segment, 2) in oblique projection to ellipse, in orthographic

projection to circle

9. What is the inclination angle of a straight-line segment?

- The inclination angle of a straight-line segment is a measure of how

tilted the line is compared to a horizontal line.
• If the line is perfectly horizontal (flat), the inclination angle is 0
degrees or 0 radians.
• If the line goes straight up, the inclination angle is 90 degrees or π/
2 radians.
• If the line goes straight down, the inclination angle is -90 degrees or
-π/2 radians.

10. To what limits can the value of an acute angle (less than 90
degrees) vary in orthogonal projection?
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11. Formulate a sentence about the right angle orthographic
projection.

- Right angle orthographic projection is a method that shows an object

from different sides by projecting it onto perpendicular planes.

12. What requirements should drawings meet?

13. What segment of a coordinate corresponds to the frontal/

horizontal/ lateral quote?

14. What line of a point two-view is referred to as the connection

line?

- The connection line in a two-point perspective drawing is a line that

connects a point on an object to one of the two vanishing points on the
horizon line. It helps create the illusion of depth and perspective in the
drawing.

15. Formulate the main characteristic of a three-view.

- The main characteristic of a three-view drawing is that it provides a

comprehensive and detailed representation of an object from three
different orthogonal (perpendicular) views. These views include:
• Front View: This view shows the object from the front, as if you
were looking directly at it. It provides details about the object's
width and height.
 • Top View (Plan View): This view represents the object from a
bird's-eye perspective, looking down onto the top surface. It
conveys information about the object's length and width.
• Side View (Profile View): This view displays the object from one of
its sides, typically the right or left side. It gives information about
the object's height and length.

16. What is a two-view with no axis?

- A "two-view with no axis" is a drawing that shows an object from two

different views (front and side) without including any reference axes or
centerlines. This simplified representation conveys object details but
may require careful interpretation by the viewer to understand the
object's orientation in three-dimensional space.

17. What is the horizontal trace, frontal trace and profile trace of a
plane?

- The horizontal trace is a top-down view, the frontal trace is a front-

facing view, and the profile trace is a side view of an object in technical
drawings, such as for an aircraft. Together, these views provide a
complete representation of the object's shape and dimensions in three-
dimensional space.

18. What straight line is called the line of general location?

19. What straight line is called 1) horizontal to screen, 2) frontal to

screen? How can it be characterised on the basis of a two-view
image?
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20. What is the straight line inclination angle between the line and the
horizontal plane (between the line and the frontal plane) and how
can it be determined?

21. Formulate the characteristic of two straight lines being parallel on

the two-view basis.

22. Formulate the characteristics of two straight lines’ intersection on I

the two-view basis.

!
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23. Make a two-view sketch of two skew lines (a and b). Solve the
shading issue.

A A B

3
↓

Ya
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20. What is the straight line inclination angle between the line and the
horizontal plane (between the line and the frontal plane) and how
can it be determined?

21. Formulate the characteristic of two straight lines being parallel on

the two-view basis.

22. Formulate the characteristics of two straight lines’ intersection on

the two-view basis.

23. Make a two-view sketch of two skew lines (a and b). Solve the
shading issue.