03B - Methods of Drawing Representation (Multiview Drawing)

CHAPTER 3:
METHODS OF DRAWING REPRESENTATION

MULTIVIEW DRAWING
AE-1023: AIRCRAFT DRAWING
Lecture Outline
 Objectives
 Projection methods (2.4)
 Multiview projections (2.4.4)
 Multiview sketches (2.6)
 Visualization
 Multiview representations
 ANSI standards
 Next class
Objectives
 Learn the rules for reducing a 3D object onto a 2D

multiview drawing
 Learn some hints for visualizing a 3D object from a
2D multiview
drawing
 Covers material in
Chapter 2, primarily
Sections 2.4, 2.5,
and 2.6 as well as
material not in text
Projection
Methods (2.4)
Locate multiview
projections in the
taxonomy of
projections:
Projection 
Parallel Projections
 Orthographic
Projections 
Multiview
Projections
Multiview Projections (2.4.4)
Object
Multiview is
Projection plane
classified as
parallel
Line of sight
projection
because lines
of sight used
to view the
object are
parallel
Multiview Projections (con’t)
Multiview
projection is an
orthographic
projection for
which the object
is behind the
plane of
projection and
oriented such
that only two of
its dimensions
are shown
Object suspended in a
glass box, producing the
six principal views
Six Principal Views

See also Figure 2.35 in text
 Glass box video:

US (ANSI 3rd-angle projection) vs.

ISO (1st-angle projection)
 Choosing the views and orientation for a

multiview object:
 Determine the best position of the object
 Try to make the surfaces of major features either
perpendicular or parallel to the projection planes
 Define the front view (the front view should show the
object in its natural or assembled state)
 Determine the minimum number of views needed to
completely describe the object so it can be produced
 Once the front view is selected, determine which
other views will have the fewest number of hidden
lines
View Orientation
Bad orientation
Good orientation
Most Descriptive Views

Multiview Sketches (2.6)
 Multiview drawings can have from one to three or

more views of an object (rarely are more than
three views necessary)
 One-view sketches: include simple objects such as a
sphere, cylinder, or cube. Other applications include a
thin gasket or printed circuit board (no depth)
 Two-view sketches: include cylindrical, conical, and
pyramidal shapes
 Three-view sketches: used when an object is more
complex and requires three views to communicate all
aspects of the drawing (width, depth, and height)
Multiview Sketches (con’t)
One-View Sketches
Two-View Sketches
Multiview Sketches (con’t)
 Creating a Three-view sketch:
 Step 1: Block in the front, top,
and right side views. Sketch the
front view first using construction
lines to project dimensions
 Step 2: Lightly block the major
features in views
 Step 3: Use construction lines to
project the location and size of
features between views
 Step 4: Finish adding the final
lines
Visualization of Edges and Planes
Normal
Oblique
plane
plane
Inclined
plane
Fundamental
Views of
Planes
Visualization (con’t)
Fundamental Views of Edges
Oblique
line
Normal line
(true-length)
Inclined
line
Visualization (con’t)
Normal, Inclined, or Oblique?
A: parallel to frontal plane

B: parallel to horizontal plane
C: parallel to profile plane
D: inclined – on edge in front view
E: oblique – neither parallel or on edge
in any plan or view
Normal? Inclined? Oblique?
Multiview Representations
 Practice makes perfect, without it, you will never learn this
art of visualizing 3D objects from 2D multiview drawings
 Some items to consider in multiview representation and
visualization:
 Projection studies
 Physical model construction
 Adjacent labeling
 Missing lines
 Vertex labeling
 Analysis of solids
 Analysis of surfaces
Multiview Representations (con’t)
Adjacent Areas
Possible Solutions
Adjacent Areas
Possible Solutions
There are several examples of

multiview representations in
this and other texts. The best
method to learn the art of
multiview representation of
3D objects is to draw by
yourself, with tools or
freehand, the objects in the
Problems section of the text.
We do not have time to cover
all that are presented in the
chapter. This section
presents some examples of
multiview representation.
Multiview
(con’t)
ANSI Standards for Multiview Drawings
Partial Profile
Views to Describe
an Object and
Eliminate Hidden
Lines
Partial View
used on a
Symmetrical
Object
ANSI Standards (con’t)
Too “busy”
Revolution Conventions used to Simplify the

Representation of Ribs and Webs
ANSI Standards (con’t)
Removed View
Make the
drawings easy to
understand!
Revolution Applications
View Identification 1
Select the correct view indicated by the arrow.
Select the correct right side view for the given top and front views.

03B - Methods of Drawing Representation (Multiview Drawing)

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CHAPTER 3:

METHODS OF DRAWING REPRESENTATION

 Learn the rules for reducing a 3D object onto a 2D

Six Principal Views

 Glass box video:

US (ANSI 3rd-angle projection) vs.

 Choosing the views and orientation for a

Most Descriptive Views

 Multiview drawings can have from one to three or

Normal, Inclined, or Oblique?

A: parallel to frontal plane

There are several examples of

Revolution Conventions used to Simplify the

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