The Nature of Science, Technology, and society
systematics inquiry in which such
Lesson 1:1 Understanding Science, Technology
and Society
Science and Technology: Definitions and
Assumptions
Science and Technology- dynamic processes
engaged in by man to satisfy 2 basics needs:
1. Thirst for knowledge
2. Material requirements for human
survival and prosperity
Science –the systematic study of the structure
and behavior of the physical and natural world
through observation and experiment.
- Description, understanding, and
prediction of physical phenomena
through the use and generation of
verifiable theories, laws, and principles.
- Systematic organized knowledge
(oxford)
- The state of knowing (M. Webster)
- From latin word’ scientia’ knowledge.
- Systematic theoretical inquiry
- Concerned with evidence and with
theory
Four meaning of Science
1. Science as knowledge
- Refers to organized, well founded body
of knowledge of natural phenomena
contributions to which have been made
by thousands of men and women.
2. Science as field of systematic inquiry
into nature
- Refers to a particular filed of
knowledge is sought.
3. Science as a form of human cultural
activity
- Refers to a distinctive form or kind of
human cultural activity.
4. Science as a total societal enterprise
- Variety of knowledge, people, skills
organization, facilities, technics,
physical resources, methods and
technologies that taken together and
relations with one another are devoted
to the study and understanding of the
natural world.
- Research and development involve the
acquisition of new knowledge and the
utilization of such knowledge to devise
new or improved products and
processes.
Technology
- Use of scientific knowledge and or
empirical knowhow for the production,
improvement, and distribution of goods
and services, as well as the satisfaction
of other material needs.
- More related to economic activity
- Applied science
- Practical application of
knowledge(M.Webster)
- From Greek word ”technologia”
systematic treatment of an art.
- A body or reservoir of skills and
knowledge by which we control and
modify its systems, processes and
development in the word.
Four meaning of Technology
 1. Technology as technics - Refer to
material products of human making or
fabrication
2. Technology as a Technology - Refers to
the complex of knowledge, methods,
materials and if applicable constituent
part used in making a certain kind of
technic.
3. Technology as a form of human
cultural activity - Technology is a type
of endeavor to which certain people,
technologies and mechanics as well as
professional engineers are
practitioners.
4. Technology as a total societal
enterprise - Is a complex of
knowledge ,people, skills,
organizations, facilities, technics
physical resources, methods and
technologies that are taken together
and in relationship to one another are
devoted to the researched,
development production, and operation
of technics,
- Output of technological activity are
necessarily composed of both “software
and hardware”
Software- refers to methods, techniques,
organization, and management
Hardware- tools, equipment, machine and
materials.
Society
- Group of person joined together for a
common purposes or by human interest
- Make use of science to come up with
better technology in order for its people
to live in accordance with their
necessities.
- A voluntary association of individuals
for common ends.
- Human successes and failures revolve
around military, economic, and medical
significance.
- Science and technology can either yield
a positive of negative result to human
survival.
Lesson 1.2 science and technology: A
continuing process
Interrelationship and dynamics between
Science and Technology
Science and technology are not independent
variables:
1. Science cannot develop without the
required technology infrastructure
needed for research and development.
2. Technology cannot advanced without
continuing inputs from Science
3. Science is not the only source of
technology.
Science contributes to technology in at least
six ways:
1. New knowledge which serves as a direct
source of ideas for new technological
possibilities;
2. Source of tools and techniques for more
efficient engineering design and a
knowledge base for evaluation of
feasibility of designs;
3. Research instrumentation, laboratory
techniques and analytical methods used
in research that eventually find their
way into design or industrial practices,
often through intermediate disciplines;
 4. Practice of research as a source for
development and assimilation of new
Lesson 1.4 Scope and Limitations of Science,
human skills and capabilities eventually
Technology, and Society
useful for technology;
 Modern technologies are rarely the
5. Creation of a knowledge base that
product of a single inventor's efforts.
becomes increasingly important in the
assessment of technology in terms of its  Manny technologies have taken
wider social and environmental centuries to develop into their modern
impacts; forms, thus, if is imprecise to give a
date for their invention.
6. Knowledge base that enables more
efficient strategies of applied research,  Surrounded by such fantastic
development, and refinement of new technological advances, the immense
technologies. opportunities and equally colossal risks,
Lesson 1.3 Philippine Science and Technology: is there no limit to the scope and
Challenges and Initiatives possibilities – both negative arid
positive- to science, technology, and
The Philippines faces multiple global and local society.
challenges which require science, technology
and innovation. These include:

 The intensifying competition from

globalization and regional integration;

 Natural disasters, environmental

degradation and climate change;

 And persistent poverty and increasing

inequality.

Can Philippine Science Evolve and Progress?

“the Filipino has his own unique

technological potential that, when given
support and the right environment with the
corresponding atmosphere of freedom, he or
she can produce inventive ideas, products, and
processes in an exceptional manner on a part
with international standards.

Republic Act No. 7459, the Inventors and Invent

ions Incentive Act of the Philippine declares as a
national policy the giving of priority to scientific
inventions and its utilization on the country’s
productive system and national life