laiiaaiiaii'ii

EXERCISES
ON THE

IRREGULAR & DEFECTi¥E

GREEK VERBS
By tt,e

Rev/F. St. J.Thackei'a.yiiVl^A •

 Ex Libris

C. K. OGDEN

THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
 i7^_ //O O-.-.^./'^O^y-;

EXERCISES
ON THE

IRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVE

GREEK VERBS.

BV THE

Rev. F. St. J. THACKERAY, M. A.,

iafe Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford ;

Assistant Master at Eton College.

ETON: WILLIAMS & SON;

LONDON :
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.
 F/9
r
/ .

INTRODUCTION.

The following Exercises, on an important branch of the

Greek Accidence, are intended for boys who have already a
fair knowledge of the Grammar, but may be benefited by
giving more special attention for a time to this particular

portion of it. The

object aimed at is to familiarize the
learner with the chief Irregular and Defective Verbal forms
of most frequent occurrence, the accurate use of which is
so essential for composition in Greek Prose. No Verbs, and
no parts of Verbs (with the exception of a very few poetic
forms specified), are admitted among those with which the
Exercises deal, for which there is not authority in the Attic

Prose authors of the best period. Each Exercise is intended

to exemplify all the principal parts of the Verb, while at the
same time some of the idiomatic uses have been introduced.
The order adopted follows the classification of Curtius in
his Grammar; and the Third Eldition of Veitch's work
has been consulted throughout. Prefixed to each Exercise

are the Tenses formed from the true stem ; the remainder,
which are formed from these, being omitted :
(for their

formation Parry's Greek Grammar, 68).

see A note is
added where Compound Verbs are to be employed, and
attention is drawn to those parts of the simple Verb which

never occur. For the chief words required a Vocabulary is

subjoined.

Eton :

Airnl 28th, 1877.

 CONTENTS.
PiRST
VI Contents.

Exercise Page

Fifth Class. — Where the Present Stem adds v, av, or ve

to the Verbal Stem,

XXVI.
 Contents. vu

Exercise Page

Eighth or Mixed Class. — Where several essentially

different Stems unite to form one Verb.

.30
LIII.
LIV.
LV.
LVI.
LVII.
alpeco

eTTO/xai

e'xm

opdo)

Tp€)(<o
....
.

.
,

.
.

.
.

.
.31
.32
.33
ib.

Vekbs

....
in /Lit.
First Class, ivhere yn. is joined directly to
the Verbal Stem.

LVIII.
LIX.
LX.
LXI.
eTTia-TajJ.ai

tr?/iit

eifii

ovtvrjfii
....
.

. .
.

.
. .34
.35
ib.

id.

Second Class, where w is added between the Verbal Stem

and III.

LXII. Kardyt/vfii. . . . 35"

LXIII. dficfiuvvvfii . . .36

Vocabulary 37—42
 ERRATUM.

rage 22, Sixth Class, for Indicatives read Inchoatives.

 EXERCISES
ON THE

IRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVE

GREEK VERBS.

First Class. — The Present Stem is like the Verbal Stem,

EXE I^ C I S E I .

dyo), to lead.

Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

dy a^(o ijyayov (See Note 2) rjy[xai VX'^V^

I. Whither and to whom do we bring those who are

suffering from bodily illness ? 2. The two came leading Pro-
dicus. Let us follow in whatever direction our discourse
3.
shall have led us.Will you both of you repent when
4.
come yourself and
you have married a wife ? 5. Mi/id you
'^

others. 6. If he has done this, shall he not be brought

bring
into court and pay the penalty ? 7. He had been conducted

badly by his guide; we have been

led rightly. 8. must We
conduct them on horseback to the spectacle. 9. ^Have you
really, as I hear, collected many writings of those who have
the reputation of having been wise men ? 10. Consider

shortly what a depth of disgrace and infamy he has

to

brouo-ht the commonwealth. 11. It is time to ^put out to

sea. 12. Will you not '^restore the exiles ?

"
'
'6irais, with future.Use a-wrixa here, and in the next sentence irpoTjxa,
^
The perfect in the simple verb is wanting, ayrjoxa is not Attic. Middle
*
verb, compound with avd. Compound with Kurd.
1
2 Exercises on the

EXERCISE II.

aKovco, to hear.

Verhal stem Future Aorist Perfect Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

cLKov aKov(jo\xai rjKovaa uK^Koa wanting rjKOvaOr^v

Rt. {koP)

I. You hear, ^Eschines, the ^testimony borne bv these men?

3. I will gladly hear your opinion. 3. I think you will hear a

strange story. 4. It must be heard, however. 5. ^Your audience

are neither stupid nor incredulous nor unfriendly. 6. We
know nothing and have heard nothing from any other quarter.

7. He had heard some of the philosophers. 8. He says he

has been ill-spoken of. 9. There is ^/lofhinQ like hearing the
law itself. 10. Let us go and hear the man. 11. Recollect

this when heard. 12. If you were to hear me you would obey.

•
The things testified {fxaprvpfoi). ^
Those vrho will hear yon. ^
ovSlf oloy.

EXERCISE 111.

ciTroXavcL), to
enjoy.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect
\av, (Rt. \af) uTToXavaofiai airekavaa diroXeXavKa

I. Do you enjoy leisure? 2. 1 shall enjoy neither leisure

nor quiet here. I will go to Socrates that
3. 1
may enjoy his
discourses. 4. What do you think is the greatest
advantage
that you have derived \fr07n ? This is what
being wealthy 5. I

reaped from my partnership with him. 6. The majority are

content with a life ^of enjoyment.

^
Genitive : use the article and the infinitive. -
ano\avaTiK69.
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 3

EXERCISE IV.

^e\do3, to laugh.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

jeka yeXdaofxai iyeXaaa wanting, ijeXdadrjv

Karayeyekaa-fiai occurs
I. Do you laugh ? 2. I would gladly laugh. 3. They both
laughed as they looked at one another. 4. I shall laugh my-
self when I take the money. 5. He will weep whenever we
laugh at him. 6. A laugh was raised at these words. 7. This
is
truly ^ridiculous. 8. You have certainly not made me

laugh now though I was ^

ready to do so.
'
Verbal componnd with Desiderative in -miui.
'^
: Kari.

EXERCISE V.

Sect), to hind.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
8e Stereo eSrjaa beSexa SeSefjiat eZkdrjv

I . The officer was binding Demosthenes and leading him

to prison. 3. He said he would not bind a single Athenian.
3. True opinions are not worth much until one binds them
with the chain of the cause. 4. Did they put the Corcyrseans
under arrest 5. Yes ; and they kept them under arrest a
?

long time. Let the tyrant be bound ^at once.

6. 7. He has

already been bound. 8. When he shall have been in prison

two years he may be released, g. Then, and not till then,

when you have been bound with arguments of iron and ada-

mant, so to speak, will I let you go. 10. Some of the ships

they '^lashed and towed away empty, and one they captured
crew ^ and all. 11. This is the state in which the soul is

most enthralled by the body.

-
Expressed by using the Perfect Passive Imperative.
'
Use compound
with avti here and with Kara in the next sentence. Observe that Se'co and
its compounds, contrary to the rule of dissyllable verba in ec, contract eo as

well as ee and eei.

•'
Dative of avr6s.
 Exercises on the

EXERCISE VI.
to receive.
Se-xpfiai,
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect Aor. Pass.

^^X Se^o/J^ai iBe^d/arjv SeSeyfjiac ehe'xOrjv

I. Do you then admit this argument which is now offered ?

a. Let him give and take. 3. Should they receive any bribe,
let them
pay the penalty. 4. Dyers prepare wool beforehand
that it
may take the colour in full perfection. 5. Imagine
that we similarly were only contriving how our men might
best take as it were the colour of the laws. 6. He has ac-
cepted the oath which they tendered him shamefully. 7. I
would be ready to go through anything rather than live in that
fashion. 8. You would not have been h-eceived into the

house. any one after all should find fault with any-
^9. If

thing, let us understand each other favourably. 10. We must

not accept (the statement) from this man who is cheating us.

"
'
Compound with ds. In this and in the next sentence use the com-
ponud with air6,
—
in the last the Verbal.

EXERCISE VII.

SiooKw, to pursue.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
BtQ)K Slm^co, iScco^a hehiw)(a wanting i8i,co)(^dr}v
but Suo^ofxaL is more Attic

I. Do you not pursue honour as good ? 2. The hound will

pursue the track of the hare. 3. How long have you pursued
that pleasure ? 4. One ^must pursue justice rather than mag-
nificent display. 5. Both these things are to ^be pursjied and
not to ^be shunned. 6. To be prosecutor and to be defendant
are very different.

' *
Verbal in rfos, Verbals in t6s.
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 5

EXERCISE VIII.
^oi, k> live (supplemented by ^tow) .

Yerhal stem Future Aorist Perfect Perf. Pass.

^rjaojxaL i/Blcov
but more commonly
^Lcoaofxat
I. Where used you two to live ? 2. We ^lived at Atb.ens.

He has lived there happily for twelve years. 4. Let him

3.
live there as before. 5. While his father was living he used

to to a master. 6. To all men living there is

more
go daily
or less pain. 7. The pleasure of living contentedly
is great.

8. Consider ^the actions of my life and yours.

*
In this and the next sentence Siarpi'/Sco would be more usual than (u.
Say, the things lived by you and me.
2

EXERCISE IX.
rp€(f)Q),
to nourish.

Terlal stem F^lture Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

6pe(f) dpe-\lrai edpey^ra rerpoc^a redpa/jUfxaL idpecfidrjv

^Take care that you rear and educate the rational prin-
I.

2. His father has reared

ciple on noble words and
lessons.

him excellently. 3. Athene nourished our state. 4. If you

were to catch wild birds and keep them at home, you could
domesticate them in time. 5. It is not fair that a grown-up
son should be kept by his father. 6. You have not been

brought up in such habits. suppose you would have

7. I

been excusing a stranger if he were speaking in his native

tongue and ^after the fashion

of his country. 8. Any one
who is well brought up will do so. 9. It is % positive sin to
the pupil of Chiron, that
say these things of [Kara) Achilles,
wisest of teachers. 10. Next after music our youths are to

trained in gymnastics.

Say in that tongue (<i>(jovri) and fashion in

1 -
'6irois, with future. (rpoTroj)
which he had been reared. ' ouS' '6(nov,
6 Exercises on the

EXERCISE X.

Bca-Xeyofiat, to discourse (deponent).

Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect

X€<y BiaXe^ofiat hie\e')(6rjv BietXeyfiat

I. To
discourse and to use language I suppose you think
the same thing. 2. Well^ go and talk with him. 3. The
two men were talking together. 4. He argued this matter
five times ^a month. 5. We have conversed with each other
for a long time. 6. He had already often discussed this.

7. He remained within in order not to discuss such things

out of doors. have discussed enough about music.

8. I shall

9. We must discuss politics while taking our walks.

'
Use the article.

EXERCISE XI.

criydco, to he silent.

Ferhal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor, Pass.

aiya aiyrjao[JbaL ial/yy^aa creai'yrjKa aealyrjjjbai, iat<y>]drjv

I. Why are you silent ? 2. There is no harm in being

silent to those to whom
one ought to be so. 3. If you ask
him anything ^he preserves a solemn silence. 4. The two youths
were silent. 5. His words will be passed over in silence
^
hereafter. 6. Under the tyrants any one who did not suffer

violence, even he held his tongue, thought himself fortunate.

if

7. Keep silence for a time. 8. The storm is already hushed.

9.
One must keep silence in the presence of the judges.

1
He is silent veij solemnly (are/xpSis),
-
in(, with genitive.
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 7

EXERCISE XII,
airevhw, to potir libations,
airevho^ai, to make a treaty.
Verhal stem Fidure Active Future Middle Perfect Pass.

airevZ not used in simple verb, a'lreLaofiac eaTreLafiai

Karacnrelao)

Cyrus, standing as he was, poured a libation, uttered a

J.

2. Orestes will pour a drink-

prayer, and drank the
wine.

offering at his father's tomb. 3. On the last day of the

feast, when they were on

the point of pouring out the offer-

ings, the priest brought out twelve golden bowls. 4. Mean-

time the Mantineans and those with whom a treaty had been
made, retreated 'o few at a time. 5. One or two men threw
darts at them, though they kept alleging that they had ob-
tained a treaty. 6. Partly by peaceful intervals and partly

by warring they became more experienced in military matters.

7. They concluded a truce on the following terms, that they
will surely abide by the treaty for the year.
'
Kara., with accusative.

EXERCISE XIII.
TpeTTO), to turn.

Verbal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

rpeTT rpe-^lro) erpe'^a rerpo^a rerpafifiuL erpdirriv

eTpi(f)6r]v

I. ^Bi/ this conduct we them to despair. 3. The

shall turn

faction has ^overthrown the state. 3. Turn your thoughts in

this direction. 4. He will not even know where to turn his
mind. 5. The house had been turned to (faced) the south.

6. Be it on his own head 7. Look at those two temj)les

1

which have a wrong aspect. 8. Let us proceed no further in

this direction, but take the road by which we turned off.
9. It
istime to turn to somebody else. 10. The true philosopher

wishes as far as he can to be quit of the body, and to turn to

the soul. II. They slew those who wert ^charged with the

duty of keeping guard.

- ^
1
Use the participle. Compound with dvo. Compouud with e'lr^.
8 Exercises on the

Second Class.— The Present Stem lengthens the Verbal

Stem Vowel.

EXERCISE XIV.
oKel^co, to anoint.
Verhal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Per/. Pass. Aor. Pass.

dXtcf) aXet-^co l]\eL^p•a a\i]Ki<^a akrjkifx^iai r}XeL(j)6rji>

I. Ulysses, sailing by the island of the Sirens, smears

with wax the ears of his comrades. 2. Homer has some

to ^luipe out from the soul
things about the gods which tend
the image of virtue. 3.
We
will therefore '^obliterate all such

(passages), not as being unpoetical, or as not being pleasing

to most men, but because proportion as they are more
in

poetical so much the less ought they to be heard by free

men. 4. You destroyed the pillars

and '^cancelled the de-

crees. 5. It would be monstrous for the sake of Thebans to

H'lot out Platseans from "the map of Greece. 6. She has

besmeared her face and even her auburn locks with white
lead. 7. Is that which is ^anointed really white or does it

8. The Spartans anointed themselves

only appear (white) ?
with oil in their gymnastic exercises. 9. The Peloponnesians

computed by the layers of bricks the height of the wall where

it
happened not to have been ^thoroughly whitewashed.
10. We must '^strike out this man's name from the roll.

" "
*
Compound with e|. tiav nh EAAtjukc^*. Compound with iiil.

EXERCISE XV.
to flee to be to be banished.
(fyevyo), ; prosecuted ;

Verhal stem. F^^.ture Aorist Perfect

(fivy (fjev^ofiai e(j)vyov 7re(f)€v<ya

1. A fool may perhaps think this, that he should run away

from his master, and not reflect that his duty is not to run
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 9

away at any rate from the good^ but to remain to the end so ;

that he would be running away senselessly. 2. Let him be

in exile for seven years. 3. May I now at least avoid the

questioning '^bij Socrates. 4. It is impossible that any one

can avoid being ridiculous if he do this. 5. They fled from
Athens to Megara. 6. Others will kill those who have fled
hither, 7. They had almost escaped. 8. It is a fine thing
never to have been indicted in a single law-suit. 9. He is

put on his trial by me "in this suit. 10. I am resolved to follow

it
up if
they will shrink from this^ and will not do what is

ordered,
> ^
Genitive. Accusative.

EXERCISE XVI.
vrXeoj, to sail.

Verbal stem. Future Aorist Per/. Act. Perf. Pass.

TrXf lengthened TrXevao/xat eTrXevcra TreirXevKa TrenXeuafxai

to ev, but re- TrXeuaov/jiac
solved to ef
before vowels

I. The island was inaccessible^ for navigation did not yet

exist. 2. He did not foresee ^hoiv the vessel of the state

should ride on ^safely. going 3. With us everything is

swimmingly, as they say. 4. They sailed back to Corcyra

"^for men. 5. He has sailed there ever so many times with
no result. 6. With the god^s aid, you might put to sea on a

hurdle. 7. Long is the sea which has been sailed over

hither. 8. When
things became more favourable for navi-
gation, the ships ])ut out to sea. 9. We must now sail and

commit ourselves to the breeze which is favourable. 10. Be-

hold the man who has sailed round Africa. 11. Will he
write an account of his voyage for the sake of other navi-
?
gators
'
'6-K(tis, with fnture. ^
upright, opd6s.
'
M.
2
10 Exercises on the

^Fourth Class. — The Present Stem adds l to the Verbal

Stem.

EXERCISE XVII.
alpw, to raise.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

ap apoi rjpa ypKa ijpfxai ijpOrjv

I. At one time he lifted his head, and then again dropped

it. 2.A horse when angered will raise his legs higher, not
however ^ivith freedom. 3. This man is connected with ^no
one by ties of but walks through
humanity or social union ;

the market-place like a viper or a scorpion with his sting

hiplifted. 4. It is no good to undertake an inglorious and

5. When his country

is exalted each one
expensive war.
feels ^more than usually elevated. 6. Should they raise a

signal we will come. 7. If Cleon were elected general he

would start with his army. 8. By these means he rose to

greatness. 9.
He will have ^started for Gythium by the
forenoon.

^
The Third Class of Verbs, ia which the Present Stem affixes t to the

Verbal Stem, e.g. ddiTTw (racp), tIktu (t^k), tvittoo (tv-kJ, does not present
^ ^
any special difficulty. Use the adjective vypos. Repeat the negative.
^ ^
Having uplifted his sting.
''
avrhs avrov. Compound with a.Tr6.

EXERCISE XVIII.
iyeipo), to rouse.
Verial stem Future Aorist Strowj Perf. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

iyep €<yep6!) r^yeipa eypr)yopa, lyr]yeppbai 7^yep6rjv

(the Perfect Active eyrj'yepKa is not
Classical)

I. I purposely did not wake you. 2. You probably will not

wake me at the proper time. 3. ^Mind you wake me while
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs.
11

it is yet early dawn. 4. Arc we sleeping at this

moment and
all our thoughts a dream, or are we awake and talking to one
another Hn the waking state ? 5. The Syracusans on hearing
this were more than ever aroused to action. 6. You would be

unprepared if war were to be stirred up. 7. Let us then

show that our state is alive and on the alert. 8. He was in

his senses and awake in a moment. 9. These words would
not be encouraging or rousing ^to thought.

1 ' ^
'6itui, with future. vvap. Genitive.

EXERCISE XIX.
^

Ka6e^o/xai, to sit.

Verlal stem Future Perfect

eS KadeBov/j^at from the stem ij^j KaOrjixai

I. He went and sat down after his bath and we sat by

him. 2. Will he not sit as a suppliant at the altar ?
3. Let
him sit if he will. 4. You are seated at last. 5. Do you
not see the court seated ? 6. We idled away three whole

months Macedonia, doing nothing, always going to do

in

something. 7. They had taken their seats by Socrates.

8. Whenever I sat by you I learnt something. 9. Attend as

many of you as are sitting. 10. He had taken his seat on a

^cushioned chair, and had a garland on his head.

1
The simple Verb 'i^oixai is poetic. The Active 'i^ia is not found at all :

in place of it V^to and iSpvco arc found for the causal Verb to seat; but of

these is very rarely found in proso authors.

'/fctf
The Compound Kadi^u is
of frequent oocurrence. ^
On a cushion (npo(rKi(t>d\cfioyJ and chair.
13 Exercises on the

EXERCISE XX.
Kalco, to hum.
Verhal stem Future Aonst S," Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
Ka (f) Kavaco not used in the KeKuvfxac (chiefly in
simple Verb, Compounds)
use Compounds

Thucydides uses Kaico. kuw is the form that prevails in later

Attic.

1. The Thebans have come to our land, cut down trees,

burnt down
houses, and plundered money and cattle, a. Will
the Spartans look on and allow Athens to be burnt? 3. Ac-
cording to Thucydides the inner parts of the body were so
burnt with fever-heat during the plague that they could not
bear the touch of even the thinnest garments. 4. Physicians

cure some diseases ^hy the knife or by cautery. 5. Great care

is handling combustible elements.
necessary in 6. Yes,

especially phosphorus, unless you

mean to burn your fingers.
7. After Moscow was burnt, the horrors of the retreat of the
French were almost too great for description. 8. In the Fire

of London, ^211 years ago, 13,000 houses were burnt.

9. Burn this letter as soon as possible. 10. It shall remain
here until it is either burnt or has decayed.

" "
^
Use the participles of Te^cw and Kaiu. Begin with the date, It is

now 211 years since, when London was on fire {KaracpXiyo))," etc.

EXERCISE XXI.
KkaiQ), to iveep.

Verlal stem Future Aorist Perf. Pass.

kXu (f) KXavaofiai cKKavaa K€K\av/xai

Kkaujaco (rare)
KXatoi and kXcico are found. Kkdco prevails in the later Attic.

I. Whv do you weep ? 3. I fear I shall weep even more

this year than last year. 3. Should he see the place he will
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 13

weep. 4. They were ^deeply bewailing their dead. 5. You

will do it to your cost. 6. You remember the spectacles
in tragedies when the spectators
'^
smile through their

tears. 7. This urn holds the ashes of a man duly bewailed.

8. So then ^ I shall have lamented in vain. 9. If you were to
suffer I would weep. 10. I
hope I
may not die unwept by
friends.

"
'
Compound with aird. Use the Middle voice.
-
Say, when they
^
weep, rejoicing at the same time. Say, "it will have been lamented
by me," the 3rd Future Passive. This tense of KKaiia occurs only in
Poetry.

EXERCISE XXII.

arroKpivoo, to separate.
aTTOKpivofiai, to answer.
Yerho.l stem. Fuinre Aorist Ferf. Pass. Aorist Pass.

Kpiv, airoKpLVOi uireKpiva cnroKeKpi- aTreKpiOrjv,

Kpivia). Mid. Mid. /xai I was separated
The i after v is diroKpc- aireicpi,-
thrown back vov/xac vdfxrjv,

lengthened I answered

They elected the magistrates deciding on them by the

I.

number of the votes. 2. The Greeks had not yet been

separated off under one common name. 3. All other ill-

nesses terminated in this. 4. They separated with no de-

cisive result. do you not answer ?

5. Why 6. would I

answer this in the 7. What would

same way. you have
answered if you had been there ? 8. Who will answer me ?
9. I shall have already answered any further questions.

10. Your answer would not have been sufficient. 11. We

must reject all such things.
14 Exercises on the

EXERCISE XXIII.

aTTOKTelvQ), to kill.

Verbal stem Future Aorist Per/. Act.

KTa and Kxev airoKrevoi aireicTeiva arreKTOva

For the Passive forms use airodvrjaKw, dTrodavov/j^aL, uTri-

davov.

The simple form of dv/]crK(i> is used in preference to the

Compound, in the Perfect ridvTjKa, and the Future

Perject redvifj^w.

I. Let the first person among the relations of the de-

ceased who meets him kill the murderer if he fly and will

not stand his trial. 3. The tyrants will kill as many as they

please of the innocent. 3. They ^are putting to death the

best of the citizens. 4. They were slaying as many as they

could '^considering their small numlers. 5, O Athenians,

When have killed me you
you have killed Socrates 6. you !

will not easily find another like me. 7. Will not these
malefactors be put to death by the state? 8. They were

perishing of hunger. 9. The deity does not allow any one to

kill himself. 10. As many as kill any one involuntarily are
liable to trial for manslaughter. 11. Has he been killed

\%. It is noble to be killed in battle for one's

unjustly?
country.

Observe KTilvu, the simple form, is rarely used in Prose. airoKTelvoi and
:

KaTUKnlvu are both used in Poetry, and have a strong Aorist aitiKravov,
KaTCKTai'o*' not found in Prose authors. Kci,raKTiivu> is used once or twice

by Xenophon, but the usual word in Prose is airoKTiivw.

^
In this and in
following sentence use the Attic form atroKTivwixi, which is preferred for
^ " as
the Present and Imperfect. Say, being few."
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 15

EXERCISE XXIV.
o^elXw, to owe.
Verbal stem Future Strong Aorist Weah Aorist Perfect

6^€tX 6(f>€i,\/](T(0 axfieXov, oix^eiXrjcra So^uXrjKa

u tin am
1. I owe you many thanks for this service. 2. We ought
to pay our ^dehts in full. 3. We all of us are owed to death.

4. Let him owe ten times the sum if he does not pay "in the

year. 5. It is but fair that the ^self-sown plant which is in-

debted to no one for culture, should have no Hnclination to

pay any one for its culture. 6. I think I shall owe other thank-
offerings to Apollo. 7. Would that you had done this !

8. I wish I had seen the wolf first !

9. O that the Argo had
never sped through the blue Symplegades 10. He who !

^owes a good turn to another is duller ^in his feeling than the
one who has done the favour ; knowing that he will return
the service '^hy way ofpayment of a debt and not by way of
a free gift. 11. Tissaphernes was ^'m arrears with the tribute
due to the kino-.
o
^ - ^ *
Present Participle Passive. Kara. rh avrocpves. irpodv/xi7(Tdai,
^ ^ ^
•with infinitive. Compound with uptL Accusative. els. '
Compound
witk iiri.

EXERCISE XXV.
7r\7]aa(o, to strike.
This Verb is very defective and the different parts are sup-
plemented by two other Verbs, as follows
;

:
—
Verbal stem of Future Aorist Perf. Act. Pcrf- Pass. Aor. Pass.

ir\r}cya(o nraLcroi eiraiaa TreTrXrjya TreTrXrjyfiat eTrXijyrjv

TrXay Trard^co eVara^a very rare
but occurs
inXenophon
The form eirXdyriv is used in Compounds in the metaphorical
sense to strike with amazement, e. g. e^eirXdjiiv , Kaia-
irXay r]vai.
16 Exercises on the

I. The boxer will strike boldly. 3. Let them inflict upon

the insolent stranger as many blows as he has himself in-
flicted. 3. He is said to have struck him six times. 4. When
the whole body ^feels it and ^sympa-
any one's finger is struck,

thizes. 5. If you ask any of these sort of persons a question,

you will be hit at once by some new-fangled word, and will

make hw way with any of them. 6. He used to live the life
of a hare, in fear and trembling, always expecting to be struck.

7. Polus and Gorgias I startled and made ashamed, but you

'

will not be startled, you are so brave. 8. Set out for war not

a whit ^panic-stricken ^at Philip.

^
1
Use the Aorist. ^
Eepeat the negative. Compound with /cares.

•
Accusative.

Fifth Class. — The Present Stem adds v, av, or ve to the

Verbal Stem.

EXERCISE XXV I.

alaOdvo/Mai, to perceive.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect

alad ala6i]aoixai ya66/xr]v rjaOrnxai

I. Do you perceive this? 2. If you say it

again, I shall

it. Through these, ^as through instruments, we

perceive 3.

perceive sensible objects. 4. You would perceive them, ^of

course. 5. Have you ever perceived this house before ?

6. They felt they were becoming ridiculous- 7. The result to

them has been that they have felt they had sold themselves be-
fore selling anyone else. 8. The citizens will obey the orator

who advises, when they feel that he is

^high minded.

Strangers saw that the

Athenians ^had their wits about
9.

them, and were not wanting in shrewdness.

*
1
olov.
^
how would you not do so ? ^
(ppovu ixsya. Use the
Present Participle of ala-davofxai.
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 17

EXERCISE XXVI T.

dfMaprdvo), to err.
Verbal stem Future Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

ofMapr dfiaprijcrofiai rjfidpTrj/ca ri[xdpT7]iJLat rjixapTrjdrjv

1. ^// is
impossible you could have clone wrong when in-
curring peril in behalf of the freedom of all. %. To be

and ever successful belongs to the gods. 3. He will

infallible

miss the mark. 4. If you do this you will be utterly wrong.

5. The State which has failed in its present purpose may yet
hereafter many great matters to
bring a successful issue.

6. Those two men were nearly losing their way. 7. The

blunder has been committed in ignorance. 8. Are rulers of

states ^incapable of wrong, or are they liable to make some

mistakes ?
9. To be sure they are liable to make mistakes.
10. Those who have been
guilty of remediable offences ^derive
leneHt from punishment ^at the hands of God and man.

^ ^ ^
OvK i<TTLv Sttiwj. Verbal negative Adjective. ovivafiai, see Ex. Ixi.

EXERCISE XXVIII.
av^dvod and av^co, augeo, to increase.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

au^ av^j]cru) Tjv^rjcra i^v^rjKa tju^rjfiai rjv^rjOrjv

I. Each one used to think it

right to increase the common
weal. 2. Did we not increase the power of Philip ?
3. Yes_,
indeed 1 he has grown great ^after being small and insignifi-
cant. 4. This -being the case, what will most increase our

strength ?
5. By honourable toils will not the state have
? 6. Yes, ^it will increase by these habits.
grown powerful
7. *IJind, says Cephalus,
that as the pleasures of the
body
fade away, the love of discourse grows upon me. 8. The

vain boaster grew taller as he spoke.

' ^
'
(K. These things being (ex'^) thus. av^'fjtrofiai is used in
*
Passive sense. Dativus commodi.
18 Exercises on the

EXERCISE XXIX.
hcLKvco, to bite.

Verbal stem Future Terf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

haK B^^ofiai BeSrj^a Be8rjy/xat ehrj'^^Orjv

I. Has he ever felt the pang of being bitten by a viper?

2. Such a one is v^^'illing to tell none H'ut those who have been
bitten ^ivhat it is like.
3. Have you been stung by the words
of philosophy ?
4. This will sting others too. 5. It has

already bitten very many. Perhaps a snake never yet bit

6.

any of you, and I

hope it never may. 7. If you do this you
will all be stung ^to the heart by pain.

"
^ ^
irArJr. ofov ecrrt. Accusative.

EXERCISE XXX.
eKavvco, to drive ; to ride ; to row.

Ferial stem Future Attic Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

iXa i\(Ji)
ijXaaa e\i]\aKa eX'/]\afiat rjXddrjv

I. There were three ^classes of those who rowed the

triremes. 2. Cleomenes, with the help of an Athenian
faction, will drive out the curse. 3. One must take care of
horses that have been ridden -on steep ground. 4. It is not

good to push too far in a matter like this. 5. If they had

been prudent they would not have been driven out. 6. The

engineer will have carried the angle of the wall down to the

river.

' '
ytvos. Tek KardvTr).
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 19

EXERCISE XXXI.
air-e'x^BdvofjLai,
to he hated.
Verlal stem. Future Aorist Perfect

i'XJd a7re')(6r)aoiJbaL a7rri')(66ixr}v a'Trr}')(6riixaL

I. The tyrant '^feels Xh?it

he is
incurring hatred. 2. They
went away for fear of being hated. 3. The Athenians incurred
animosities ^in the exercise of their empire. 4. You will be
hated by all else ^i/ you say this. 5. You Spartans have got
yourselves hated through your habits. 6. Are there not words
which ^cause hatred, and others which lead to friendship ?
7. Aristides said that he was not distressed by the people

being roused to hatred against him so as to ostracise him.

' *
(xvvoiSa, with Reflexive Pronoun. Participle.

EXERCISE XXXII.
Kufivoi, to be weary ; to he sick.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect

Ka/jb Ka/j,ovfiat eicafj,ov KeKf^rjKa

I. The orator will never be tired of praising the heroes of

Marathon. 2. Yesterday I was tired with walking from

Megara. 3. When a man is ill, whether he be rich or poor,

he must obey his doctors. 4. Physicians would become most
skilful, if besides learning their art they were to have ^all
kinds of diseases from their youth ^upwards. 5. The Plataeans
about to be put to death were invoking the ^dead. 6. The
archers had been worn out, being distressed by the same toil

for a considerable time, 7. We must not '^Hijich from the

work. should never be tired (of) confuting those who
8. T

argue fallaciously. 9. The part of the army that was hard

pressed began ^secretly to withdraw.

* ^ *
Beginning from boys. Perf. Participle. Verbal :

*
compound Tvitb hid. vite^iip.i, Imperfect.
20 Exercises on the

EXERCISE XXXIII.
XavOdvoi, to escape notice.
iinXavOdvofiai, to forget.
Verhal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Per/. Deponent.
XaO Xrjcrco eXadou XiXrjda XeXrjcrfiat
commonly
eiTiXeXriarixat,

I. Let not the following apiece oj good fortime be forgotten.

2. It shall not escape our notice. 3. You have unconsciously
fallen into a wonderful sort of argument. 4. We were not
aware that it was very pleasant. 5. It is likely to escape the
notice of all other men that the true philosopher is ever

6. The slave ran away unnoticed. 7. Old

practising dying.
comes on us unawares. 8. Is it possible he has forgotten
age
his brother ? 9. It would
be strange if we were to forget
'^whatever the suhject of our discourse is. 10. Will the old
man forget his cunning ? almost forgot to speak in good
i r . I

time. J a. Do not forget yourself and talk nonsense.

1 ^ " that about which oar discourse be."

iiiTvxvi^^- Say, may

EXERCISE XXXIV.
Xa'yyavco, to ohtain hy lot.

Ferial stem Future Aorist Perfect Perf. Pass.

^% Xr']^Ofiac eXa')(ov etXri-^^a e'iX7]y/j,ac

XeXoy')(a, poetic
I. Your destiny shall not be allotted to you, but you shall
choose it for yourselves. Protagoras assigned to
3. He had
him as his teacher.
3. They have both obtained as their
allotted region this land. 4. Man is a living creature which
has received intelligence from its Creator. 5. The suit has
been drawn by lot by the Archon. 6. Let them sue me for
the inheritance. 7. We must assign a teacher to this most
ignorant boy.
^
Genitive.
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 21

EXERCISE XXXV.
6^\L(TKdvoo, to owe, incur.
Verhal stem Future '
Aorist Perf. Act.

0(f)\ 0<^\}](7(O C0(f)\0P Ci)(f)\7]Ka

I. He is getting a character for cowardice ^with the King

of Persia. 2. You ^stand a chance of losing in the arbitra-
tion. 3. Judgment will go against him ^hy default. 4. If he
be cast in his suit, let him have no share in the public pos-
sessions, and let him be written down as a criminal as long

as he lives where any one "^who pleases can read it.

5. Surely
you understand, O Athenians, what follyyou would have
been chargeable with in each of these cases, had you

happened to have passed any such decree 6. The state !

would justly incur great ridicule if it did such things.

^ ^
*
TrpoSj with genitive. See Vocabulary under likely. ^p'fl/J-rj) agreeing
*
with SIkt}. Participle of ^oiXo/xat.

EXERCISE XXXVI.
irvvOdvofiai, to inquire,
•

Verhal stem Future Aorist Perfect

rrvO Trevao/jiat eTrvdonrjv TreTruafxai

I. do you ask me about health?

Why 2. Ask this ^of the

doctors. 3. I would rather ask of this stranger what they

mean. 4. Antl have you only just learnt ^that health,
according to the old philosophers, is a harmony ? 5. Don^t

fancy you know the causes of health before you have learnt

this. 6. We will inquire what we must do on each occasion.

' 2 " have learnt

napd. Say, health, that it is," etc.
33 Exercises on the

EXERCISE XXXVII.
to promise.
vTncr')(ykoiJbaL,
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect

vrre'x^ v7ro(T')(7]aof^aL vTrecr'^o/uirjv v'!ri<j')(rjfiaL

I.
They have promised to let me a house ^br a mina ^a
mouth. 2. The house had been let already. 3. Will any one

really promise so now ? 4. He will promise but will not

perform. 5. Promise me, at any rate, to do what I say.

6. I wish you would do what you promise. 7. ^Promising is

easy, doing is difficult.

^ ^
'
Genitive. Use the Article. Use the Article, -with the Infinitive.

EXERCISE XXXVIII.
^ddvco, fo get before; to forestall.
Verbal stem Future Strong Aorist Weak Aorist Perfect

<^6a (^dt]aoiJbat €(})9r]v ecfidaaa e<^6aica

^Odaco
This is one of the few Verbs that have two Aorists in use in
the same sense, in Attic, excepting that the Participle
only found in Ionic.
(^6d^ is

I. They will be beforehand in this. 3. Let no one

doing
anticipate us in entering the city. 3. No sooner had this
misfortune befallen me than I was again disappointed of my
hope. 4. You gain no advantage beyond having been the
will

first to commit an injustice, 5. Make haste and speak at

once. 6. The Athenians at Pylos pressed on in
every way
to forestall the Spartans.

Sixth Class (Indicatives).

— Present Stem adds aK or lctk

to Verbal Stem.

EXERCISE XXXIX.
dXiaKOfxat, to be taken ; be convicted.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect
dX &; dXoy dXcoao/jLai edXcov & rjXcov edXcoKa & ijXcoKa
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 23

I. He will be convicted ^ow an indictment ^for deserting.

2. When Troy was captured the palaces were burnt. 3. How
often has the city of Jerusalem been captured ? 4. Six times^
at the least. 5. ^Mind you don't allow yourself this time to
be caught making a mistake. 6. '^Pause, that you may not

be caught. 7. There are many ways in which this sort of

argument could be refuted. 8. In this way alone we are
^assailable.
' ^ ^ •
Accusative. Genitive. '61701$, with future. Aorist imperative
^
of eire'xco. Verbal.

EXERCISE XL.
avaXlaKoo, to expend.
Verhal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
dvak avaXoxjw avi'fkwaa av/]XcoKa avrfkw^at dvrjXcodriv
and and and and
dvdXcoaa dvdXcoKa dvaXoofxaL dvaXoiOrjv

J. He had no money
^to spend. 2. Has he spent all his

property has?been squandered on bodily pleasures.

3. It

4. ^Mind you don't spend so much money for the future.

5. How much money did your cousins spend yesterday ?

6. More than ^^^4 had been spent about the forenoon.
7. The sums expended on the shopkeepers were greater ^t/ian
their income could meet. 8. We must spend our persons in
the service of the State. 9. A state which has spent its

wealth on behalf of an honourable ambition is sure to be

successful. 10. Demosthenes says he is one of those who
have often spent their property in the public services. 11. If

you spend what you have on unnecessary objects, how will

you be well-provided with what you have not got for things
that are necessary ?

"
^
He had
not (resources) from whence he might spend. ottois, with

future. A miua, which strictly = £4 Is, 3d.

^ ^
Say,
"
greater than
in proportion to (/card) their income."
24 Exercises on the

EXERCISE XL I.

airoSiSpdaKOi, run away. to

(The uncompounded SiBpdaKO) is not found.)

Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect

Spa diroSpdcrofiat direhpav cnrohehpaKa

I. He did not shun this expedition. 2. Bind the prisoners

3. The slave
lest they run away. after recovering ran away

from the house. 4. Will any one run away if well treated ?
5. Many have run away before now from good masters.
6. The two fugitives with difficulty escaped by swimming
from the Cretan pirates.

EXERCISE XLII.
TTLTTpdcrKOi, to Sell.

dirohlhojiai)
Yerhal stem Future Aorist Perfect Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

Trpa diroSuxTOfiaL aTreSofxrjv ireirpaKa 7re7rpa/jiaL iTrpddrjv

(borrowed) (borrowed)
I. He was selling his own freedom. 2. They '^behaved luith

moderation, not ^as if they were going to sell their own pos-
sessions, but %5 if
they would guard it for their posterity.

3. He went off after selling these weighty matters for a

trifling gain.
Let any stranger who likes buy fuel from
4.

day day wholesale, and let him sell to the strangers as

to

much as he pleases and when he pleases. 5. On ^the 20th

day of the month, let there be a sale of animals, whatever
are to bebought and sold when requited. 6, ^Unconsciously
he had been corrupted and had sold himself. 7. The united

action of the Greeks has been sold. 8. '"Nay rather it is

now being sold. 9. He gave out that whoever should be

caught inside ^should he sold at once. 10. Touching "^articles

of sale let thus much suffice to have been said.

1
Showed (jrapex^) themselves moderate (fj.tTpios) .
^ws, with Fut. Participle.
^ * ^ ®
rj uKOLS. Sec Ex. xxxiii, 3. /xey oZy. 3rd Fat. Passive. '
ra -Kpaa-iixa.
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 25

Seventh Class. —A short Stem alternates ivith one

e.
enlarged ly

EXERCISE XLIII.
alBiofjiai, to respect.
Verbal stem Future Aorist, as Middle

at8{€) alheaofiaL yheaOrjv

N.B. — r]head[Mrjv is
very rare in Prose, only occurring in
Demosthenes, and only in the legal sense of
pardoning.
I. He neither respects man nor reverences God. %.^Though
it was in his
power to take vengeance he did not kill him but
shewed respect to his misfortunes. 3. "IVhile demanding
satisfaction they were respecting them. 4, Must we respect
the wicked and overbearing ?
5. On the contrary we must
punish them, for no one would respect you if
you overlooked
^their sinnins-
•&'

- ' " them

(^6v. fiera^v. Say, sinning."

EXERCISE XLIV.
d'x^BofxaL,
to he vexed.
Verbal stem Fut^ire Aorist Fut. Pass., used as Mid.

a')(6{€) ayBkao\i.aL r]')(6e(T6riv a-s(6ea6i](TOfiat,

I. The
Spartans failing in their object were secretly vexed.
2. You will not be vexed if I say this ? 3- I will not be vexed
that you do so. 4. The mass of the citizens, indignant at

the personal habits of Alcibiades, entrusted the conduct of

the war to others, and these after no long time ruined the

5. He had no objection entrusting the com-

state. ^to their

mand to another. 6. He ordered '^any to go away who did

not mind doing so.

'
Genitive of Participle.
^'
Stco fii), with Optative : construction as
in ^ovKofxivcf iari.
4
26 Exercises on the

EXERCISE XLV.
^ovKofiai, to wish.
Ytrlal stem Future Aorist Perfect

/3ouX /3ovX7]cro/xai i^ouX-qOrjv ^6^ov\r)fJ,at,

N.B. — rj/SovXofirjv, r}^ov\r}9riv

are only found in later Attic,
as in fieXXco and Suvaixac.

I. Do you wish us ^io read this? 3. I divine what he

wishes. 3. I don't know what yonr words mean. 4. We
will do this should it be ^171 accordance with your wish.
6. Let each act as he has
5. Let them go if they wish it.

willed and resolved. 7. ^What in the world were we wishing

that we came to this ? 8. "*/ could have wished this to happen.

- ^ "
If it be to Suffering what."
'
Subjunctive. you wishing. Say,
^
Imperfect with &v.

EXERCISE XLVI.
BeofjLat, to want.
Verbal stem. Future Aorist Perf. Pass. Aorist Pass

Be Bei]ao/jiai iSerjad/xriv BeBirj/jiaL eBerjdrjv

N.B. — Bew, to need or lack, is conjugated similarly^ but is 1 ess

common : its
Impersonal use, Bel, is most frequent.

I. How many minse does he need? 3. I need two ^talents

and a half. 3. He stands in need of none of the things
which others need. 4. They were not in want of lawgivers.

5. But they will want them if they do not ""improve. 6. Those

informers wanted punishment. 7. Have you ever required a

physician? 8.^7 hope I may not want one yet. 9. They

said they "^should want one hereafter. 10. He tries to help all

who are in need as far as he can.

^
'
Say, "the third a half -talent." emdiSovai in\ t? /SeArioj/.
* •
firjirw, with Optatiye.
Future Optative.
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 37

EXERCISE XLVII.
to
fj,d)(^ofjbai, Jight.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect

t^ciX fia')(ovixa(, efia^eadfirjv fM€fMd')(r)fxac

I. The contest is })ainful at first if

any one fight against

appetites and desires. 3. May you fight life

through against
folly. 3. They will fight at first against a smaller number,
but afterwards with the part which has not yet fought.
4. Let us remember those who fought at Marathon.
5. Honourable men must contend for the prize of valour.

EXERCISE XLVIII.
olojxai, to think.
Verhal stem Futv/re Aorist
ol olrjaojxai anjOrjV

I. I think you have heard before of the beginnings of ^our

British constitution. 2. How long a time do you think a

House of Commons as it now is has existed ?

3. It is 212
years now since the merchant and the trader were elected
senators equally with the ^nobles. 4. I did not suppose we
had to teach you this. 5. Whom do historians consider the
cause of this change? 6. Whom else must we consider but
Simon, the great cham[)ion of the people? 7. The ^true

patriot will think it and dangers

right to prefer calumniations
and even death disgrace. to Yes^ and wherever he sup-
8.

poses he can be of any use he will be present. 9. One '^must

think so. 10. Who would have thought that such great

changes would happen as we have seen ^ivitJi our oivn eyes?

II. Do not fancy that it is '^possible for any one to pass

through life without seeing many things happen contrary to

his expectations.

' ' "

1
7) evedSe. ol ei/TraTplSai. Adverb. •*
Verbal. '^
avroi. ivSexea-Qai,

repeat the Negative.

28 Exercises on the

EXERCISE XLIX.
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 29

3. Does not community of pleasure and pain bind the

the
citizens together,, when they all rejoice and grieve alike?

4. A carpenter when
any one were to prescribe him a
ill^ if

long (course of) diet, would say good-bye to this sort of

physician, and would either, entering on his usual ^course of

hegahi his health and do his business, or would be set

Life,

from his troubles by death. 5. To your cost you shall

free

make me a laughing-stock. 6. The two men were half-dead

with laughing and clapping of hands and rejoicings. 7. Fare-
well to such praise as this. 8. You would be ashamed to do

whatever you are ^pleased to hear as comic representations.

9. He has often rejoiced ^at your success and now you

will

rejoice at his victory.

^
^
Participle.
-
S/aixa. Say, "becoming whole (vyn']s) would do."
*
Sabjanctive of x^'f"^ ' f°i' ^° hear use the Participle. ''
eV/.

EXERCISE LI.

wveofiai, to liuj (defective).

Verlal stem Future Aorist Perfect Aor. Pass.

cove wvrjaofjuai (borrowed) icovi^/xac io)P)]driu

i7rpLdfxr]v deponent and occasionally

sometimes used
passive

1.
They were buying provisions at the market. 2. At
what price will you- buy 3. would not purchase
this slave ? I

him at any price. 4. Another man came up and bought

him. 5. The ^purchaser will repent. 6. You bought the

customs last year. 7. If I

buy them again I shall do it

2/0
my cost. 8. A national force is preferable to a ^mercenary
one.

^ ^
'
Perfect Participle. See Ex. xxi, 5. Verbal.
30 Exercises on the

EXERCISE LII.
Q)deco, to push.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass,
did wo-ft) ewcra none in use ecoafxat eotxrOrjv

This \tvh takes the syllabic augment in Attic.

I. The Spartans used to thrust malefactors headlong into

the pit called Caiadas. 2. Will they thrust these men out of
the state into exile ?
3. Boars when (hard) pressed are in
the habit of ^rushing on the spears. 4. They will shew
themselves most base be hejected. 5. The
if this truce
Athenians received the charge of the Corinthians and drove
them back from themselves with difficulty. 6. have We
been ^thrust aside by all, all round Plataeans though we be. —
7. If they had been ^dr'weji out sooner, the state would have
been safer. 8. It was difficult to the commanders to check
the soldiers who were forcing their way on to the front.

' ^ ^
b^ddi €l(j.i, with the Dative. Compound with airi. Compound
*
with irepl. Compound with eK.

Eighth or Mixed Class — {Wliere several essentially

diffcrevl Stems lunte to form one Verb.)

EXERCISE LIII.
a'lpeoi,
to take ; conquer ; elect, etc.

Mid., to choose.
Verhal stem Future Aorist Perfect Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass,

aipe aipr^cro) elXov rjprjKa rjprnxai rjpidrjv

eX
I.
Envy has been the death of many good men and I think
will be (of many more). 2,. Alcibiadcs conquered ^at the

Olympian games, and was second and fourth. 3. The mother

of Agesilaus was congratulated that on the same day on
which they were born, one of her sons took by land the
enemies forts, and the other their ships and dockyards.
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 31

4. When he had been elected admiral, he immediately sailed

'^to
Tissaphernes. 5. We must accept as ruler whomsoever
the citizens elect by common consent. 6. Would you not

prefer to diemany times before you became unjust ? 7. The

just man
according to Socrates prefers justice to the greatest
sovereignty. 8. What man do you suppose will choose an

inglorious life at home ^ivhen he may contend for his country

with honour ?
9. We needs must choose the noblest, when
we see it.

* - ^
Neuter Accusative Plural. if, because it is to a person. ^\6v.

EXERCISE LIV.
eTTo/iat,, to follow (governing the Dative).
Yerhal stem Future Aorist

kiT e-^Ofxai eairofirjv

o-(e)7r

I. If you are following me, you will see. 2. Follow me

hither. 3. Let us follow the two whither they lead. 4. The

strangers were following the guide. 5. Attend to what follows

after this. 6. Let them dwell in the city as long as they
follow after justice and piety. 7. You did not follow, ^as it

flpp^-ar^y,
what was said just now. 8. Let us now examine
ivhat ^are the arts ^attendant upon music.
" ^
'
Say, as you appear."
-
The arts. ..what they are. Componnd with aii/.

EXERCISE LV.
e^oi, to have.
Yerhal stern Future Aorist Perf. Act. Per/. Pass. Aor. Pass.

^X ^^^ ea^ov €cr)(r]Ka e<T')(rifiaL icr)(eOr]v

I. Have you that book which he had yesterday? 2. I used

to have it, but I shall have it no longer. 3. Will he have
32 Exercises on the

4. ^Give him authority. 5. Let them have

authority?
authority. <5.
has hhewn himself a good citizen. 7. Have
He
these things been ^provided ? 8. This famous acropoHs was

^occupied by the Persians. 9.

He did not ^suffer him to speak.
10. We must Hear this. 11. ^Stop a Httle while. la. Each of
will ^share the glory of what is done. 13. I hope the
you
traitors may not ^share these blessings. 14. Supposing these
^share them we shall have very little.

^
1
Compound with Trapa.
"^
Coraponncl with /cot a. Compound with avi,
^
Aor. Middle.
^
Compound with iirt. Compound with ft.(:Ti.

EXERCISE LV I.

opao), to see.
Verhol stem Future AoHst Perfect Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.

6pa o'^ofxai el8ov eoopaKa eoypa/jbai, b)(f)dr]v

IS and eopuKa
OTT chiefly in comic poets
N.B. —The Middle Voice is often used in Compound Verbs
with an Active sense. Use it in the last three sentences.

I.Have you seen the spy who was seen here last
year ? 2. I saw him yesterday^ and shall try to see him

to-morrow. 3. He will then have been seen thrice. 4. I had

seen him several times before he came back. 5. Why do you
wish to see him ? Because I should accuse him if I saw
6.

him again. 7.
He has now been seen so often that ^it is
evident he is hired by the enemy. 8. When I am on horse-

back (says a Persian in Xenophon) I have this advantage

over the Centaur for he used to ^look before him with two
:

and used to hear with two ears but I see before me

eyes ;

with four eyes and perceive through four ears. 9. We must

ever ^be on our guard against carelessness and idleness.

10. If we were with suspicion the enemies who are

to '^viiiv

being left behind us, hve should he sajer in our campaigns.

"
1
Personal construction with S^Aos and Participle. Compound with i:p6.
*
Compound with irepi.
^
Compound with vir6.
^
Say, wc should take the
field ((7Tporevo/*aj) more safely.
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 33

EXERCISE LVII.
rpe-xpi, to run.
Verhal stem Future Aorist Per/. Act. Perf. Pass.

Tpe')(^ Spafiov/Mac eSpa/xov SeSpd/JbrjKa SeSpdfirifjbaL

Bp€fl

For the Present and Imperfect deoo is used, and Oeva-o/xat is

also found. With Spofiw, 6elv is preferred to rpe^eiv

or Spafietv.

I. If they run faster in the course,they will perhaps ^get

Jirst to the goal. 2. He is running for his Hife, he will run as —
fast as he can. 3. We ran well to-day, but yesterday those
athletes ran much better. 4. The whole course has been run.

5. They had run down to the Piraeus. 6. You must run

round the Ceramicus twice a day, if you wish for health.

7. He was ^within one bout of carrying off the victory. 8. The

really good runners, as many as run to the end, are likely

to be crowned. 9. It is '^like a child to run as nearly as

possible into danger.

^ ^
(pddvfiy, with Participle of cupiKveoixai. irtpt, for life do not use $los, but
' *
^vxfl. Tap' eV irdXaicrfJLa,. irp6?, with Genitive.

Second Principal Conjugation. — Verbs in /uli.

First Class, where jxl is

joined directly to Verhal Stem,

EXERCISE LVII I.

eTriaTapbat, to know.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Verhal Adjective
eiTLara i7rta'W]aop,aL rjirLarr^Oriv i7rL(7Tr]T6<i

I. Do you know this You both of you know it

song ? 2.

better than these. 3. When I know it

I will
sing it. 4. You,
Socrates, used to know it, 5. If any one had known how
to use the book well he would have been wiser. 6. I shall

know it to-morrow. 7. Know it

to-day, before you go away.
6
34 Exercises on the

8. You know it
yourself. 9. ^This is matter of opinion, but
cannot be scientifically known. 10. Let those live on land,
whoever do not know how to swim. 11. This is not hard to
one who knows all handicrafts.

^
Use the Verbals of 5o{afw and iirla-ranai in this sentence.

EXERCISE LIX.
i7]fMi, to send.

Verbal stem Future TVcaTc Aor. Perfect Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
€ ^(Tco rjKU in the {a<j))elKa {a(j))et/u,ai {d(f))ed7]v

Singular. In Compound Verbs the Strong

Aorist in Dual and Plural, e.g. a<^eiTov,
a(f)eLTr]v.

I. Who utters these words ? 3. The Sirens utter a very

sweet sound. They threw themselves down on the snow
3.
into the glen. 4. Did you ^understand what you read ? 5. If
you were to Het go the opportunity you would be ruined.
6. The past has been ^let alone. 7. How many tears do you
think I ^shed) 8. The slave will have been Released. 9. A
bad archer shoots and misses the mark. 10. Let them go

a.-w2iy
^set free from fear. 11. The senate having been Vw-
missed we may go away home.
^ '
Compound -with trvv. Compound with dnr6.

EXERCISE LX.
eJfiL, ilo.
Verbal stem Imperfect
I
yetv, and rja, airfja

I. He was going out at last. 3. We will go down to the

Pirseus. 3. Shall I
go up to the Pnyx ?
4. Let us go away.
5. Go away. 6. If we were to go it would be better. 7. He
went away after an interval. 8. Would that they may cross
the river. 9, Some Arcadians were going out against the
Spartans and sharing the plunder.

Use Compouads with ix, Hard, avi and a.ir6

throughout this Exercise,
 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 35

EXERCISE LXI.
ovivrjfii, to assist.

6vLvafj,at,, Mid. to reap lenejit.

Verbal stem Future Weak Aorist Strong Aorist
ova ovrjcroi oivrjcra covij/xtjv

ov^aofjiui, Mid. wvdfiTjv

(both forms rare in Indicative)
1. You benefit us with your ^constant advice. %. ^The laws

were of no assistance to the merchants. 3.

He will benefit
others by becoming an example. 4. The rest seeing this are

benefited. 5. They were

profiting by being punished.
6. So
then he profited after all by the shock he received. 7. May
you have joy of your children !

' " ^
In this sentence use oK^eXe co, whicli
Say, always advising."
supplies the Im'perf. Act. of ovivi]fii.

Second Class oj Verhs in \ii. Where vv — is added

between the Verbal stem and /mi.

N .B. — Of these last two Verbs, the simple form of the first is very rarely,
and that of the second is never, used.

EXERCISE LXI I.

Kardyvvfit, to break.

Verbal stem Futtire Aorist Perfect Aor. Pass.

or/ Kard^co Karea^a Kariaya Karedyrjv

with Passive sense
Brasidas at Pylos bade his steersmen break their own
I.

2. If any one shall have broken a

ships in forcing a landing.
lyre will the harmony perish? 3. The imitators of Spartan
fashions, says Protagoras, get their ears battered, in imitation
of them. 4. Boxers at the present day are spoken of rather
as among those who have had their heads or their noses
broken. 5. If he shall have fallen he will have broken his

collar-bone. 6. The girl wept when she looked at the broken

doll. 7. Take and break the shells of these almonds.

36 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs.

EXERCISE LXIII.
afx(f)cevvvfji,i,
to clothe.

Vei-hal stem Future Aorist Perf. Pass.

£9 or f€(; afM(f)i€cra) rj^i^leaa r/ficpieafiat

Attic CLfKpLco 'rj/j,<f)i€adfir)v

I. He stripped him of and put his own on

the small tunic,
him. 2. Will he clothe
deeds in good words ?
evil 3. The
man who yesterday or the day before was a slave, walks about
in the suburbs dressed in a long flowing robe. 4. Socrates
used to go out when the frost was severe, with his bare feet
on the ice, and am sufficiently clad. 5. The English-
said, I

man, who lately rode through the interior of Asia, had on an

'^astonishing amount of clothing, for the winters there are
.

tremendous.

'
Say, "had been wonderfully clothed."
 37

VOCABULARY.

Accept, to, d^^ob£Xo^^al Bowl, a, (pldXr]

Account, of a voyage, irepin^ovs Boxer, nvKTrjs
Accnse, to, KaT]]yope(o Brave, dv8pe7os
Action, e'pyov Brick, a, irXbdos,
Advantage, to gain an, Trporepew
— to
r)

have, TrXcoveKrew Calumniation, Bia^oXr]

Admiral, vavapxos Care, i.e. caution, fVi/xeXeta
Advise, to, vovdereo}, Trapaiveo) Carelessness, padvp-la
Africa, Ai^vrj Carpenter, t€kt(ov
Aid, with the aid of, <tvp, or, if he Cattle, Tvpo^ara
will, 6eX(o Cause, a, ahla
Allege, to, (j>d(TK(o Ceraraicus, KepafxtiKos, 6
Almond, duvyBaXos, f} Chair, 8l(j)pos
Almost, oXiyov SetJ/, 07' oXiyov Champion, npoa-Tdrrjs
Already, ijdr] Change, fierajBoXr]
Altar, ^(oiios — at the, ^ap-ios Cheat, to, aTraraw, cpfvaKi^u)
Ambition, honourable, ^tXort/xi'a Check, to, dpeipya
Angle, an, uyKuv Clap, to clap hands, Kporea ras xftpar
Appetite, ope^is Collar-bone, KXeis, tj
Arbitration, an, Biaira Colonize, to, oIkiCod

Arcadian, 'ApKas Combustible, elements, to. Kava-ifia

Archer, To^orrjs Comic, representation, j}art. pass, of
Argue, to, diaXeyeadai KapaBeo)
Argument, \6yos Commander, arpaTriyos
Art, Tfx^^i Common weal, the, t6 koivov
Ashes, (TTTodos, fj Commons, House of, to (BovXfvrijpiov
Attend, to, Trpoaex^ "^^v vovv Confute, to, fXe'yxco
Auburn, ^av66s Congratulate, to, fiaKapiCo

Authority, i^ova-ia Connected, to be, Koivcoufu

Consider, to, o-KeTTToiMai
Bare feet, with, dwnobiiTos Constitution, TroXireia
Behind, to leave, vTroXfiVw Content, to be, dyandco, (TTtpya
Blow, a, TrXr^yfj Contest, a, dyav
Blue, Kvdveos Contrary, to, irapd, with acciis.
Boar, Kanpos Corcyrsean, KepKvpalos
Boaster, dXa^uv Corrupt, to, 8ia<p6fipa)
Bodily, (Tco/xartKo's Court, a, {i.e. the jurors), 01 BtKacrrai

Boldly, Bappwv Course, SpopLos

Book, avyypa(f)r], ^i^Xos, 17 Cousin, dve\ln6s
38 Vocabulary.

Cowardice, SftX/a Engineer, apxiTixrcav

Creator, Aj]niovpy6s, or 6 Kricras Englishman, "kyyXos
Creature, living, ^aov Enthral, to, KaraSeo)
Crew, avbpes Entrust, to, iiTiTpeivai
Criminal, a, a'lnos 07'
participle of Envy, (pdovos
ocfAicTKava} Equally, e| lo-ov, with dative
Cross, to, dia^alveiv Eruption, pevjxa or pva^, with the
Culture,rpocfyri
—
pay for, to. Tpo<pe7a verb pea
Cunning, rex^f] Example, 7rapdSety/*a
Curse (pollution), ayos, to Excuse, to, (TvyyivdxTKco
Customs (dues), rtXr) Exile, (pvyfj
Cut down, to, KaTaKOTTTO) Expectation, eXnis
Expedition, a-Tparfia
Dawn, early, opQpos ^a6vs Expensive, 8a7rav7]p6s
Decay, to, KaTaarjironai
Decisive (with no decisive result), Paction, aTacns
cinpaKTos Fade away, to, d7ropapaivop,ai

Decree, to pass a, ylrrjcptCopai Fallaciously, o-oipiaTiKcos

Demand, to, aTratrew Famous, XapTrpos, fvdoKipos
*
Description, use the concrete, a de- Favour, to do a, x^P'" 8pda
to describe, — Favourable, for navigation,
scriber,' avyypacjieiis
dirjyovpai
— of a breeze, ovpios — favourably,
7r\d)'ipos,

Deserting, XmoTu^iov TTpdais

Desj^air, dnovoia Flood, to, Sta/3pex«

Desire, iinOvpla Fool, papos, dv6r)T0S
Destiny, balpav Folly, papla, avoia
Detail, to, Bu^eifii For, (on behalf of), virep, with ^^«.
Difterent, to be, x^P's to M^"
— Force, {i.e. army), orrpardy, ^vvapis,
'''°

Direction, in this, Tairr], ivravBa

^''
— to force, ^tdCopai

Disappoint, to, o-(jE)aXX« Forenoon, dyopd 7r\r)6ova-a

Discourse, \6yoi Fort, reixoy, retxto-jtio

Disgrace, alaxvvr] Fountain, rrrjyri

Display, magnificent, ptyaXonpeiTeia Freedom, tXevOfpla

Distressed, to be, axdopai, of physi- French, the, ol TaXdrai
cal toil, (Tvvexopai Front, the, t6 npoadev
Divine, to, pavrevofjLai Frost, ndyos
Dockyard, veapiov Fuel, (ppvyava, or ^vXa Kavaipa
Doll, 8ayvs, v8os, rj Fugitive, (pvyds
Domesticate, to, Tidaa-eiico Future, for the, ds t6u vcrrepov xpdvov
Dream, a, ovap to
Drink-offering, a, x*""' Gain, KepBos, Xrjppa
Drop, to, Kara/3dXAa) Garland, to wear a, (XTt^avovpai
Dull, dpl3Xvs Garment, IpcTiov
Dyer, 3a(j)€vs General, (TTpaTr)y6s
Girl, Koprj
Elevated, Koiicpos Goal, /3aX/3iy, Idas, r]

—
Empire, upxr) to exercise, apx(o Glen, vdrn]
Encouraging, napaKXrjTiKos Good, no, ovbip 6(jit\os
 Vocabulary. 39

Guard, to, ^vXdcrcro) Insolent, da-eXyrjs

Guilty, aiTios Instrument, opyavov
Intelligence, (ppovrja-is
Habits, iiTLTi)hev^iaTa, f^eis Interior, pea-oyeia
Handicraft, brj^iovpyia Intei'val, after an, StaXwrcoi'
Handle, to, aTTTOfiai, genitive Invoke, to, tTriKoXovpaL

Hare, Xaywy, 6 Involuntarily, aKova-ias

Harm, no, ovtkv inK^Oovov
Harmony, aptxovla Jerusalem, ra 'lfpoa6\vpa
Headlong, eVt Kec^akf^v Just now, apri
Health, iyUia, de^ia
Help, to, wcpeXea, withacCHS., (TrapKea, Land, on, ;^e/D(7atos
with dat. Lauding, a, aTro^aa-is
Hereafter, va-Tepov Lawgiver, vopoBirris
Hire, to, p,Lcr6ovpat. Lawsuit, bUrj
Historian, avyypacpevs Lava-flood, 6 pva^ tov irvpos
Honour, to kqAov Layer, eVt/SoX^
Horseback, on, e'(^'
Ittttov Lead, white, yp^tp-udiop
"
Horrors, say what (ocra) they Least, at the, to ye tXd^^icrTov
"
suffered Leg, (TKeXos, TO
House, a, oiKi'a Leisure, o-^oXtj
How many, iroVof — how often, Let, to, picrdoo)
TToaaKis Liable, ohs, with infiti. —io ti'ial,
Humanity, ties of, (fiiKavOpania fvoxos, with dative
Hunger, Xt/ixdy Likely, it is, eiVo'y cVrt Avith iiifn.,
Hurdle, piyjr, piwos, or Kivbvvevo} generally used
rj j^er-
sonally, sometimes impersonally ;

Ice, Kpva-raWos also peWa

Idleness, dpyia, padvp-ia Look on and allow, to, nepiopdv
Ignorant, dp.a6r]s
Illness, vocros, Magistrate, opxcov
Imitate, to,
fj

pipovp,ai
— to imitate Magnificent display, peyakoTvpiireia
Spartan fashions, XaKcovl^a Malefactor, naicovpyos
Impossible, it is, ovk ecrd' onws Manslaughter, trial for, ^ovikoX bUai
Inaccessible, ajSaTos Marathon, hero of, Mapa6(i>vop.dxr]s
Income, ovaia, npog-nSos, rj Mark, o-kottos
Incur peril, to, alpopai Kivbvvov Market-place, dyopd
Incredulous, amarTos Mass, 7rkr]dos
Indictment, ypatpr/ Master (of a slave), Seo-TroV^jf
Indolent, dpyos Mean, to, ^ovXopai, voeoi
Infamy, abo^ia Meet, to, irpocTTvyxdvci
Informer, n-qwTTjs Merchant, i'pTropos
Inglorious, aKXerjs, aSo^os Mina, pvd
Inheritance, KKrjpos, Mind, diuvoia, voxJs
Injustice, to commit an, dBiKea Misfortune, drvxia
Innocent, avairios Moment, in a, (v6vi, avTiKa — at this
Inquire, to, e^eTu^co moment, eV tw napdvTi
Tanfivoi Month, prjv, 6
Insignificant,
40 Vocabulary.

Murderer, <^ovevs Press on, to, cVei'yo^ai

Music, rj fiovaiKT} Price, Xdyoj

Prisoner, alxp-dXaros
Prize of valour, ra dpia-Tela
National, ohflos
Probably, use Kivdwevco. See Likely
Near,as, as possible, ort iyyvrara
Properly, rd xprjpara, or rot vndpxovra
New-fangled, koivos Proportion in, oaw, with comparative,
Nose, pis, pivos, T] followed by another comparative,
Nonsense, to talk, (pXvapfco with Toa-ovTcd
Provided, to be well, evnopeoi, with

Oath, an, opKos genitive

Provisions, rd emTrjBeia
Obey, to, TTfidoiiai
Prudent, ao}(pp<ov
Object, ^ovKrjcris
Public service, a, Xeirovpyia
Occasion, on eacli, kudaroTe
Punish, to, KoXdfo)
Offence, ap.dpTrjp.a
Pure, dyvos
Officer, VTrrjpeTi]!
Opinion, 86^a Purpose, yvaypiri
Orator, prjrcop Purposely, eni,Trj8es
Put out to sea, to, dpdyopiai
Order, to, eViTeXXw, KeXeva
Ostracise, to, oa-TpaKi^co
Quarter, from any other, aWodev
Overbearing, vneprjcpavos
Overlook, to, neptopda) Question, questioning, rd ipcoTa-
fifva, epurrja-Ls, further question,
TO eTrepcoTap-evov
Painful, eTTirrovos, Xvjrrjpos Quiet, fjavxia
Palace, ^aa'iKeiov Quit of, to be, dir-aWdrrea-dai

Pang, -rrddos Rate, at any, yovv

Partnership, awovaia Rational principle, the, to Xoyia-TiKdv
Pass, to, Sidyeiv, the past, to.
napoi- Read, to read, dvayivauKa
Xopfva Really, T<p 6Vrt
Penalty, to pay, BUrfv or bUas didomi Recover, to, dva^ioa
People, the, 6 BrjfjLos Reflect, to, ivvoovp.ai
Perform, to, eVtreXew Relations, oi oIk^Ioi, oi TrpoarjKovTes
Perhaps, icrwy Remediable, idaipos
Persons, a-afxaTa Repent, to, peTopeXei impersonal,
Personal, 'idios with gemtive of things and dative
Piety, eixre^eia of persons
Piraeus, Tleipaievs Reputation, to have, boKtiv or ho^au
Pit, a, ^dpadpov ex^i-v, Xtyopai,
Plant, a, (fivrov Require, to, deopai
Platsean, a, nXaraievs Resolve, to, Trpoaipovfiai.
Pleasure, f]8oPTj Result, with no decisive, anpaKTos,
Plunder, to, StapTrafco, Xrji^ofiai
— the result has been, (rvp^fj3r]Ke
subst. apnayf], Xet'a Retreat, a, use the Verb to retreat,
Possible, as soon as, ws rdxiara dvaxa>pe(0
Posterity, oi tTriyiyvofievoi Reverence, to, a-e^opai
Practise, to, einTrjBevQ) Ride, to, 6<^' Ittttov Tropevtadai
Preferable, aiperuTtpos Robe, a long, ^vo-tIs
 Vocabulary 41

Eoll, muster-roll, KaroKoyos Swim, to, vfoi), vqxofiai

— swimmingly,
Kuiu, tOj o-(^dXXci), oTToXXv/it goes on, " say "sails with (Kara)
Eunner, a, 8po[i(vs the wind
Sympathize, crui/aXyeo)
Safe, atr^aXijf Symplegades, at 'SifniK-rjydBfs
Satisfaction, SiVr/ or StKot
Scorpion, a-KopTrlos Teacher, 8i8d(TKa\os
Self-sown, avTO(f)vr]S Temple, vewr
Sell, to, TTlTTpUaKCO Tend, to, Teium
Senator, ^ovXevrrjs Tender to (of an oath), StSo'mt
Senselessly, dXoy/orws Thank-offering, x"-pi-^'''hp^o^
Service, evepyevla, a public service, Thin, XiTTTos
Xeiroupyia Think, right to, d|ida)
Severe, heivos Thoughts, vovs
Share, to have a, fiertx'^ Time, in good, eiy <aip6v
Shell (husk), KeXv<^os
To-morrow, v avpiov
Shock, to receive a, vapKua Too great for, p.ei^(ov fj
Kara
Shop-keeper, kuttt^'Kos Touch, the, im^oXri
Sta ^paxfov
Shortly, ^paxtas, Traitor, TrpoboTrjs
Shrewdness, dyxtVoia Trader, KanrjXos
Signal, a, a-Tjuelov Treat well, ti nouco — be treated well,
Skilful, Bfivos fi irdaxd)
Snow, x"""'^ V Tribute, (j)6pos
Social union, 6/inXia
Trifling, fxtKpos, (pihavpos
Song, aafia, to Trireme, Tpirjprjs, t]
South, the, voTos Troubles, irpdyixaTa
Sovereignty, ^acriXela Tremendous, heivos
Spear, Xdy^'? Tiy, to, TreCpafxat
Spectacle, Gea, deoiprjo-is Tunic, xiTw''
Spectator, dearris
Stand a trial, to, Kptaiv inoaxflv
Unfriendly, dvavovs
Start, to, 6pp.S)p.a(, United action, Koivavia
Startle, to, (Kir'KTja-cro)
Unprepared, dirapdaKevos
Steersman, Kv^epvriTTjs
Urn, Xe/37/s, 6
Sting, KevTpov Use, o<^iKos, TO
Storm, x^'Mw"
Strange, aronos
Vain, in, /^drTji/— a vain boaster,
Stupid, ayvafxav
Suburb, npodareiov
Vengeance, to take, n/iw/aoO/xai
Successful, to be, to bring to a suc-
Violence, /3ia, ^laiov ti
cessful issue, KaTop66<i>, active and
neuter Viper, exis, 6
Vote, a, t/A?j0os, fj
Suffer, to (of a sickness), Ku/xro)
Sufficient, sufficiently, iKavos, Uavcos
Wall, Telxos
Suppliant, iKfTTjs
Sure, to be, /xeXXw, to be sure (ad-
I

Walk, to, /3aSifo), TTtpinaTeco

— a walk,
TTc'lVTCiiS TTOV, KUl fJioXa TrepLTraros,
6
verb),
Surely (in.
an oath), jJ nfjv Wanting, iXXcnijs
42 Vocabulary.

"Way to make, jrepaiveiv

— in the same Wool, fpiov
way, Tavrd
— in many ways, ttoX- Wonderful, 6avp,a<TT6s
"Kaxn Writings, ypap.iJ.aTa, (Tvyypacpai
Wealthy, TrXova-ios
Weighty, Seirds
Well-provided, to be, einopeu Year, iviavros — this year, t^tcs
—
last year,
White, XevKos
White-lead, ^ifj.v6tov Yesterday, x^«s
—
nepva-i
the day before,

Wholesale, d6p6os nparjp

Youth, a, fifipaKiou, veauias
Winter, x^<-l^^^

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