Gov. Alfonso D.

tan College
Maloro, Tangub City

LEARNING ACTIVITY
Final Task
MARIANO APOLO BACUS RODA

ADGE PHILO
LOGIC: INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE REASONING

Directions: Read each statement carefully and provide what is being asked.

1. Discuss the meaning of deductive reasoning in 50 words.

 Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a conclusion is reached based on the
agreement of several premises, all of which are considered to be true. “Top-down logic”
is a term used to describe deductive reasoning. Making logical premises and basing a
conclusion on them is the basis of deductive reasoning. For example, if a car’s trunk is
enormous yet a bike does not fit, you might presume that the bike is equally large. We
know this because we were given the information, which we assume is correct, that the
trunk is enormous. Based on our deductive reasoning skills, we know that if a bike does
not fit in a trunk that is already enormous, it must be enormous as well.
2. In your own opinion, how will you apply the art of deductive reasoning in your daily life? (60-80
words)
 Deductive reasoning is a valuable skill that can help you think logically and make sound
business decisions. This mental tool allows experts to reach conclusions based on
premises that are assumed to be true or by transforming a broad assumption into a
more precise notion or action. We’ll look at what deductive reasoning is, how it varies
from other types of reasoning, how to apply it at work, and some deductive reasoning
instances.
3. Give 10 examples of deductive reasoning and identify which one is the premise and which is
the conclusion. Refer to the example below:

Examples of deductive reasoning:

A. Premises: The number 35 ends with a 5, so it must be divisible by 5.

Conclusion: All numbers ending in 0 or 5 are divisible by 5

B. Premises: All robins are birds. Therefore, robins have feathers

Conclusion: All birds have feathers

C. Premises: The streets are icy now, so it would be dangerous to drive on the streets.
Conclusion: It's dangerous to drive on icy streets

D. Premises: Fluffy is a cat, so Fluffy has a keen sense of smell.

Conclusion: All cats have a keen sense of smell.

E. Premises: Cacti are plants; Therefore, cacti perform photosynthesis.

Conclusion: all plants perform photosynthesis.

F. Premises: Helium is a noble gas, so helium is stable.

Conclusion: All noble gases are stable

G. Premises: Red meat has iron in it, and beef is red meat. Therefore, beef has iron in it.
Conclusion: All read meat has iron
 H. Premises: Elephants have cells in their bodies, and all cells have DNA. Therefore, elephants
have DNA.
Conclusion: All cells have DNA.

I. Premises: The Arabian is a horse; therefore, Arabians have manes.

Conclusion: All horses have manes

J. Premises: Acute angles are less than 90 degrees. This angle is 40 degrees, so it must be an
acute angle.
Conclusion: The acute angle has less 90 degrees

4. Discuss the meaning of inductive reasoning in 50 words.

 Inductive reasoning is a technique for arriving at conclusions by moving from the
specific to the general. Deductive reasoning, in which you go from generic facts to
specific conclusions, is generally contrasted with inductive reasoning. Inductive
reasoning is also known as bottom-up reasoning or inductive logic. Inductive reasoning
is a logical process in which numerous premises are integrated to reach a certain
conclusion, all of which are assumed to be true or discovered to be true most of the
time. Prediction, forecasting, and behavior are common uses for inductive reasoning.
5. In your own opinion, how will you apply the art of inductive reasoning in your daily life? (60-80
words)
 Inductive reasoning is how we build our understanding of the world in everyday life. The
scientific method is also based on inductive reasoning: scientists collect data through
observation and experiment, then make hypotheses based on that data. You can use
inductive reasoning to draw a conclusion from a pattern. A hypothesis is a statement
that you think to be true based on inductive reasoning. When it comes to making
forecasts or identifying trends, inductive reasoning can be extremely useful. In both
circumstances, you’re coming to a conclusion based on what you’ve observed. Of
course, in order to achieve a sensible conclusion, your reasoning must be supported by
trustworthy data, but applying this logic will typically give you a fair picture of what’s
going on.
6. Give 10 examples of inductive reasoning and identify which one is the premise and which is
the conclusion. Refer to the example below:

Examples of inductive reasoning:

A. Premises: John is an excellent swimmer. His family has a swimming pool. John’s sister
Mary must also be an excellent swimmer.
Conclusion: The family of John is an excellent swimmers

B. Premises: Sherry lives on South Street. Her house is probably falling apart.
Conclusion: Practically every house on South Street is falling apart.

C. Premises: Every windstorm in this area comes from the north. I can see a big cloud of
dust in the distance. A new windstorm is coming from the north.
Conclusion: Every windstorm is coming from the north.

D. Premises: Every year we get a thunderstorm in May. Since it is May, we will get a
thunderstorm.
Conclusion: Every May we get a

E. Premises: The chair in the living room is red. The chair in the dining room is red. The
chair in the bedroom is red.
Conclusion: All the chairs in the house are red.

F. Premises: Every time you eat peanuts, you start to cough.

 Conclusion: You are allergic to peanuts

G. Premises: Every cat that you’ve observed purrs.

Conclusion: All cats must purr.

H. Premises: Michael just moved here from Chicago. Michael has red hair.
Conclusion: Therefore, all people from Chicago have red hair.

I. Premises: Every chicken we've seen has been brown.

Conclusion: All chickens in this area must be brown.

J. Premises: All brown dogs in the park today are small dogs.
Conclusion: All small dogs must be brown.

Essay Criteria:
Originality – 30pts
Content– 25pts
Coherence – 10pts
Total – 65pts

Prepared:

LORRA ALONA B. SAMBAYON

Instructor, IAS