Content
Analyzing or Examining the Author's Main
Klaus Krippendorf: Six Questions to
address in every content analysis
1. Which data are analyzed?
2. How are the data defined?
3. From what population the data drawn?
4. What is most relevant context?
5. What are the boundaries of the
analysis?
6. What is to be measured?
Context Analysis: Textual Analysis
 Understanding the historical context of a
primary source is critical for
understanding the attitudes and
influences that shaped the creation of
the primary source.
 Pertains to the period/time that shaped
the event's interpretation
Context Analysis
Considers the following:
1. Historical context of the course (time
and place it was written and the
situation at the time)
2. Author's background, intent and the
authority on the subject
3. Sources relevance and meaning today
Author's Main Argument or Main Point of
View
 help interpret the context of his writing
 Help us see why the authors or writers
make the decisions they do
 For the readers to know the overall
purpose of the writer and his
techniques, his reasons of writing a
particular book, letter, article, document
etc.
Some Guide Questions in Critically
Argument?
1. What’s the author's main objective in
writing the article, book etc.?
2. Does the author seek to persuade,
convince, to identify problem, or to
provide a solution?
3. What are the forms of evidences used
by the author? Are they effective and for
whom?
4. Are important facts or perspective
omitted? What is left out?
5. Is the author credible-to whom?
6. Does the author consider alternative
position and perspectives?
7. Does the author acknowledge
prejudices or personal interest?
8. Are opponents mentioned either by
name or by school or by tradition
Steps in Analyzing Historical Events
I. Historical knowledge
Discuss the guide questions for the activity to
assesses historical knowledge:
2.1 What happened?
2.2 Where did it happen?
2.3 When did it happen?
2.4 How did it happen?
B. Continuity and Change
1. What are the things/conditions that have
continued as a result of this event?
2. What are the things/conditions that have
changed as a result of this event?
3. Brainstorming and preparation of
information for the powerpoint
presentation
Questions:
1. What does the document want to
convey?
2. How did the revolutionaries regard
Aguinaldo based on the document?
3. According to the document, what do the
symbols in the Philippine flag represent?
4. How did the Filipinos regard the United
States based on the document?
5. What is the importance of this document
in the history of our country?
KATIPUNAN OVERVIEW
Historical events that led to the
Establishment of Katipunan
a. Secularization Issue –
b. Cavite Mutiny (January 20, 1872)
c. Execution of the GomBurza (February
17, 1872)
d. Establishment of the Propaganda
Movement (1888)
e. La Solidaridad (February 15, 1889)
f. Establishment of La Liga Filipina (July 3,
1892)
g. Exile to Dr. Jose Rizal to Dapitan (July
6, 1892)
h. Founding of Katipunan (July 7, 1892)
Series of Events:
 regular vs secular priest
 a royal decree was issued,
asking all the regular priests to go
back in Spain due to their records
of abuse
 if all regular priests go back to the
Spain, who will run the parishes
in the Philippines?
 When regular priests went back,
secular priests managed the
parishes
 While regular priests are in Spain
to fix issues, they made a way to
go back to Philippines by writing
the Pope a letter
 When they returned to
Philippines, they wanted to
reclaim the parishes again to get
their benefits back
 Secular priests didn’t agree
 Regular priests forced to reclaim
them
 Secularization movement was
established by secular priests
Padre Pedro Pelaez
 Padre Gomez wrote a letter to
the King of Spain about the
abuses and racial discrimination
 Padre Burgoz collected funds
for ?? in Philippines
 Padre Zamora bullied Franciscan
priests by holding a mass before
the Franciscan priest arrive
 Because of secularization
movement, it led to a conflict
 Gov. Gen Rafael ?? removed
privileges by making them pay
tributes
 They planned pag-aalsa that
wasn’t materialized
 The Philippines could’ve gained
possession if the mutiny was
successful
 Mismong yung lawyer yung
nagsabing instigator ang
GomBurZa, which led to their
execution
 Paciano Rizal witnessed Padre
Burgoz’s kindness
 Paciano wrote a letter to Jose
Rizal about the injustices
committed to GomBurZa
 Dr. Rizal told his fellow
propagandists to establish a
movement in order to fight for the
Filipinos, “Propaganda
Movement”
 Rizal wrote El Filibusterismo to
expose
 La Solidaridad newspaper was
used as a weapon, written in
 Europe and Filipino’s nationalism
awakened.
 Propagandists in Spain have
power struggle, not united
 Dr. Jose Rizal decided to go back
to Philippines because he doesn’t
want the propaganda to be
divided but that also meant he’s
going to be executed
 La Liga Filipina meeting
established by Jose Rizal when
he returned to Philippines:
Andres Bonifacio, Ambrosio,
Ladislao? Andres Bonifacio saw
Jose Rizal and hugged him.
 Founding La Liga Filipina is
illegal, Jose Rizal was arrested.
 Andres: “Naku wala na yung La
Liga Filipina”
 On July 6 / after 3 days, Jose
Rizal was exiled and LLF died
 July 7 of 1892, after Andres
Bonifacio and Ladislao Diwa
heard Jose Rizal’s death, they
founded Katipunan
Objective of the Katipunan
 CIVIC – based on the self-reliance and
protection of the poor and oppressed
 POLITICAL – separation of the
Philippines from Spain and assurance of
independence from colonialism
 MORAL - good manners and right
conduct, respect, and cleanliness
 Assimilation of Propaganda and La Liga
Movement: Philippines being a regular
province of Spain – for Philippines to get
citizenship and experience privileges
that the Spain have, and Philippines
can’t stand on their own feet yet
 Katipunan thinks peace talks aren’t
working since it was done but wasn’t
successful. Thus, they decided to do a
radical movement (being free from
Spaniards), break the chains of slavery.
Administration of Katipunan
 Supreme Council (Kataas-taasang
Sanggunian) – highest council
composed of supremo, secretary,
treasurer, fiscal and six councilors
 Provincial Council - (Sangguniang
Bayan)
 Popular Council – (Sangguniang
Barangay)
 The president of the supreme and the
two presidents of remaining councils
make up the Katipunan Assembly.
Elected Officers of the Supreme Council
 President/Supremo – Deodato Arellano
 Inventor/Comptroller – Andres Bonifacio
 Fiscal – Ladislao Diwa
 Secretary –Teodoro Plata
 Treasurer – Valentin Diaz
Judicial Council (Sangguniang Hukuman)
served as the court of Justice:
1. Passes judgment to any member of the
Katipunan who violated the rules of the
organization
2. Mediator in times of disputes between
member of Katipunan
Camara Reina – (Secret chamber) heade by
Andres BonifacioEmilio Jacinto, and Pio
Valenzuela
 Passed judgment to the members of
Katipunan who would reveal the secrets
of the organization.
 Expulsion was the usual judgement
given to those who could not keep
secret.