ACTIVITY # 7

I. Using internet or any other reference materials, search for the following:

1. Information Systems
- Information system is an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data
and for providing information, knowledge, and digital products. It is used to run
interorganizational supply chains and electronic markets.

a. Management Information Systems

- Management Information Systems (MIS) is the study of people, technology, organizations, and
the relationships among them. MIS professionals help firms realize maximum benefit from
investment in personnel, equipment, and business processes. MIS is a people-oriented field with
an emphasis on service through technology.

b. Bibliographic Retrieval Systems

- is a database providing bibliographic and related information for documents and publications
issued by the United Nations and its agencies as well as by external publishers.

c. Stand-alone/Dedicated/Turnkey Systems
- Turnkey systems include all the hardware and software necessary for the particular application.
They are usually developed by OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) who buy a computer
from another company and then add software and devices themselves.

d. Transaction Systems
- Transactional systems are databases that record a company’s daily transactions. The three major
transactional databases include CRM (customer relationship management), HRM (human
resources management), and ERP (enterprise resource planning). Transactional systems are not
considered optimal for business intelligence.

e. Physiologic Monitoring Systems

- monitor vital physiologic parameters so that clinicians can be informed of changes in a patient's
condition. They typically consist of several distinct components, including a central station,
bedside monitors, and ambulatory telemetry transmitters and receivers.

f. Decision Support Systems

- is a computerized program used to support determinations, judgments, and courses of action in an
organization or a business. A DSS sifts through and analyzes massive amounts of data, compiling
comprehensive information that can be used to solve problems and in decision-making.

g. Expert Systems
- is a computer program that uses artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to simulate the judgment
and behavior of a human or an organization that has expert knowledge and experience in a
particular field.

h. Artificial Intelligence Systems

- is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer
systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language
processing, speech recognition and machine vision.
i. Natural Language Systems
- refers to the branch of computer science—and more specifically, the branch of artificial
intelligence or AI—concerned with giving computers the ability to understand text and spoken
words in much the same way human beings can.

j. Hospital Information Systems (HIS)

- is a computer system that can manage all the information related to health care providers allowing
them to do their job effectively.

II. Using a venn diagram or any other graphical representations, differentiate the following
concepts:
1. Local Area Network vs. Wide Area Network
2. Internet vs. Ethernet
3. Web Browsers vs. World Wide Web
4. Hypertext vs. Hyperlinks vs. Hyper Text Markup Language

1. Local Area Network vs. Wide Area Network

LAN WAN

- Local areas only - Geographical areas

- High speed at 1000 mbps - Low speed at 150 mbps
- Low costs - High costs
- High bandwidth - Low bandwidth
- Less congestion - More congestion

2. Internet vs. Ethernet

INTERNET ETHERNET
- WAN - LAN
- Less secure - More secure
- Only one - Multiple
- Connects a large number of devices - Covers a small geographical area.
around the world

3. Web Browsers vs. World Wide Web

WEB BROWSERS WORLD WIDE WEB

- used to browse and display pages
available over internet
- sends request to server for web-based
documents and services.
- sends an HTTP Request and gets a
HTTP Response.
- provides these documents when
requested by web browsers
- sees and approves those requests
made by web browsers and sends the
document in response.
- receives HTTP Request and sends a
HTTP Response
 4. Hypertext vs. Hyperlinks vs. Hyper Text Markup Language

HYPERTEXT HYPERLINK HTML

- contains the visible - contains the URL of
text to redirect the the webpages
targeted page - includes various
- contains only text types of media
with hyperlinks including text, audio,
- associated with graphics, images etc.
keywords - associated with
anchor text
- used to structure a
web page and its
content
- a simple data format
used to create
hypertext documents
that are portable from
one platform to
another

III. Using internet or any other reference materials, search for the following:
1. Basic concepts of open source software and free software
Open-source software usually includes a license for programmers to change the
software in any way they choose: They can fix bugs, improve functions, or adapt the
software to suit their own needs. Free software means software that respects users'
freedom and community. Roughly, it means that the users have the freedom to run,
copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. Thus, “free software” is a
matter of liberty, not price.

2. Differences between open source and free software

The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has nothing to do with price. It
is about freedom. Open-Source Software is something which you can modify as per your
needs, share with others without any licensing violation burden.

3. Specific example of open-source applications that are currently being used in

healthcare setting.
- Veterans Administration’s VistA electronic health record (EHR)
- OsiriX radiologist workstation