Factors affecting Grade 10 students in choosing their preferred

Tracks in Senior High School

Review of Related Literature Outline

Factors of Undecidability in Career Choices of Grade 10 Students

 Grades 11 and 12 are Senior High School (SHS) students who are enrolled in
specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The choice of career track
will define the content of the subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12. These
subjects fall under Core Curriculum or Career Pathways. Preparation in the right
education and right occupation is very crucial and must be supported or guided by
educational organization or guidance counselor to develop students to their best
potentials.
 There are different factors that affect students undecidability in making career choices.
One of which is family-related factors. According to Pascual (2014), study revealed that
Filipino immigrants and non-immigrants rely heavily on their family’s decision-making.
 Furthermore, she stated that, “Sad to say but very few studies are made to investigate
success of career path used in the students of the Philippines, even the factors that affect
the career choice of Filipino students.
 This provides us with limited information on how to help our students identify the proper
career options and course choice they must pursue in the future. Students are not properly
oriented as to what course to choose out of their interest and skills but because of the
thought that these courses will provide jobs in the future.

Factors Influencing the Preferences of Grade 10 Students in Choosing their Preferred

Senior High School Track

 The K to 12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines includes the introduction of

senior high school (SHS), or grades 11 and 12, the final two years of a new 6-year
secondary education system. Rather than merely focusing on post-secondary education
preparedness, the SHS Curriculum aims to prepare students for either higher education or
work. (Development Asia, 2019).
 Students in JHS Grade 10 will follow a shared curriculum and can choose from four
specialization options: Academics, Technical Vocational and Livelihood (TVL), Sports,
or Arts and Design. Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMMS), Accountancy, Business
and Management (ABM), Science, Technology and Engineering (STEM), and General
Academic are the four strands that make up the Academic Track.
 Then there's the Technical Vocational Track, which includes Information and
Communications Technology (ICT), Agri-Fishery Arts, and Industrial Arts. (Ibid.). The
 government's adoption of the K-12 program will assist students to improve their abilities,
become more competent, and grasp and deal with new courses.
 The curriculum has been improved to satisfy the needs of students on a local level,
allowing them to choose a specialty that best suits their interests. The choice of a job path
is crucial to the lives of a young man or woman.
 The careers that students choose will have an influence on the rest of their life. Grades,
age, personal interests, experiences, and other things affected students' career choices,
and it was through their learning experiences that these students selected what they
wanted to accomplish in terms of their future professions (Quinter et al., 2011).

High School Students' Career Decision-making Difficulties According to Locus of Control

 This study intends to elaborate upon difficulties in career decisions of high school
students with different locus of control. 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grade students aged 14-
19, 282 (%55.4) females, 227 (%44.6) males totaling 509 participants involved in
research located in the south of Turkey. Career Decision-Making Difficulties
Questionnaire (CDDQ) and Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (RIEFCS)
were used to collect data.
 One-way analysis of variance was conducted to compare the participants’ career decision
making difficulties in accordance with the locus of control.
 The findings indicate that total points obtained from the scale of career decision-making
difficulties of the participants with external locus of control and lack of information of
the scale with inconsistent information sub-dimensions have a higher score average than
students with internal locus of control.
 Individuals with external locus of control experienced more difficulty in the process of
decision-making due to the lack of necessary information or inconsistent information.

Student decision-making in the Classroom: An Examination of existing Theories and a

Model for Mainstream Implementation

 Authors such as Bill Glasser, A. S. Neill, and John Holt have critiqued the compulsory
nature of secondary schools and the inherent structure imposed on them by educational
authorities.
 This structure limits student opportunities to make decisions regarding their own
learning. This thesis examines the concept of student decision-making and its effect on
student learning in educational environments.
 It argues for inclusion of more student-centered decision-making opportunities as part of
a democratic education model. The thesis analyzes different educational theories and
models that grant students, to varying extents, chances to make decisions about their own
learning.
  The thesis presents an alternative to the current system: a model that questions imposed
structures and places the student at the center of the decision-making process, while
asking educators to consider their roles as facilitators.

Career decision-making difficulties in Turkey and the USA

 This study aims to compare high-school students in Turkey and the U.S., in terms of
career-decision making difficulties. The research group consists of a total of 576 students,
including 296 high-school students in the U.S, and 280 high-school students in Turkey.
 The data of the research were collected by the “Career Decision-Making Difficulties
Questionnaire” (CDDQ). The career decision-making difficulties are composed of three
sub-scales, including lack of readiness, lack of information and inconsistent information.
 Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to evaluate whether the sub-
scale scores for career decision-making difficulties experienced by high-school students
in the U.S. and Turkey differ depending on an individual’s gender and class.
 It was found that there are significant differences in gender and class variables in the
career decision-making difficulties experienced by high-school students in Turkey and
the U.S. The findings of the research were compared using the data collected.

Preferences in Senior High School Tracks of the Grade 10 Students

 There are many influences that affect the preferences of grade 10 students in choosing a
track to proceed to senior high school. Likewise, this study aims to identify influence of
preference of a Senior High School track that is commonly encountered by the Grade 10
students in terms of Gender, Socio-Economic Status, Average academic grades, nature of
parent’s occupation; and, strand and the level of influence of the respondent to be
associated with preferences in choosing a track in senior high school in terms of family
influence-decision; peer influence; financial condition; and employability.
 The factors fairly influence preferences of the senior high school. In terms of gender,
male students consider their socio-economic status and their parent’s occupation as
factors in choosing their track in Senior High School while female students consider their
peers as a factor in choosing a track in Senior High School.

Track Preference and Influences in the Choice of Track of Incoming Senior High School
Students

 This study focused on the track preference, factors that affect the choice of track of
incoming senior high school students and the extent to which these factors influence their
track preference. Descriptive quantitative survey was used to gather data from 269
 randomly selected Grade 10 students enrolled in the seven public secondary schools in
Mandaon. Data were analyzed using frequency, ranking and weighted mean.
 Findings revealed that most of the students prefer Academic Track over other tracks.
There were various factors in varying extent affecting the track preference of the
students. Work opportunity, family income, aptitude, interest, school performance and
facilities are highly influential factors, while parents and teachers are moderately
influential, and peers are slightly influential.
 Result imply that students’ choice of track is directly influenced by both external and
internal factors. Thus, it can be concluded that students would put much consideration on
the availability of work in the future and family economic capability rather than
considering their innate abilities and interest, thus giving them limited career options,
which may have adverse effect in the future.
 From these results, it is recommended that DepEd may consider the availability of
teachers, facilities, and the offering of all strands in the academic track to accommodate
the needs of the students. It is also important to strengthen guidance and counseling
program to assist students in making informed choices.

Revising Students' Decision-making Process

 It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the fact that nowadays students have
numerous options for degree selection and a better chance to choose their favorite
university, especially, when the discussion is about studying abroad. In this matter, it is
very important to have a deep understanding of students‟ preferences and their decision-
making process and the key step to achieving this understanding can be recognizing those
factors that influence this process.
 Based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) report, the population of students that
went abroad to study got more than doubled from 2 million in 2000 to at least 4 million in
2012. Given the importance of this growth, there is a need to be considered from
marketing perspective by universities.
 Watjatrakul (2014) explained the following: “Globalization and market pressure in the
education sector have propelled higher education institutions to constantly review on the
need of economic accountability and performance improvement, many universities aim to
increase the number of students admitted as a means of increasing their income while the
admitted students are considered as customers” (p. 676).
 It is obvious that because of new technology and internet, students have more access to
information of various programs presented by different universities around the world.
Petruzzellis and Romanazzi (2010) discussed that “…competition for qualified students
has increased contemporarily with the student awareness about the programs and services
offered by most universities, as result, student retention has become an area of critical
concern.
Perceptions of Grade 10 students towards Senior High School and factors influencing their
choice

 This chapter presents the literature relevant to the concept of the present study. It also
analyses some studies and materials from the Internet to provide sufficient background
information for the accomplishment of this study. It sought to collect claims of previous
studies about Perception of Grade 10 students towards Senior High School. Perceptions
towards Senior High School The implementation of K - 12 program of the Department of
Education is a great help to every student.

Factors influencing career preference of junior high school students for senior high school
study

 Choosing a senior high school career or tracks to pursue is one of the most challenging
decision any junior high school student may undertake. As a response, the objectives of
this research were to investigate junior high school student's career preferences for senior
high school studies, as well as the determinants that may influence their career selection.
 Using a stratified random sample technique, a total of one hundred sixty-six students
were chosen at random. To quantify the influence of the indicated career selection
determinants on students' career preferences, the researchers used a descriptive and
predictive correlational research design.
 The required data was gathered using a standardized survey questionnaire. Personality,
parents, job opportunities, and interest were found to be statistically significant in
influencing and predicting students' career preferences, out of the five career selection
determinants. In the model, only the peer component (LRT p-value = 0.110) was shown
to be statistically insignificant.
 Among the career selection determinants, the variable interest was found to have the
strongest influence on students' course preferences. It can be inferred that diverse career
selection factors have statistically significant effects on students' senior high school
career choices. Since students' preparation in senior high school is crucial to their
subsequent studies in tertiary education, or employment after senior high school, the
study gives vital inputs for students, parents, and school officials on how to lead and
develop their career plans.
 A similar study may well be conducted using additional course selection characteristics
discussed in the study, or this study could be conducted in a different location to
corroborate or refute the findings.