NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Course ID: noc20_ce39
Assignment- Week 3
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

1. Consider the following statements

Statement 1: The behaviour of an under reinforced section is less ductile than an over
reinforced beam.
Statement 2: An under-reinforced section contains less steel and concrete is less ductile
than steel.

(a) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true and Statement 2 is correct explanation of
Statement 1.
(b) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true but Statement 2 is not a correct
explanation of Statement 1.
(c) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.
(d) Statement 1 is false but Statement 2 is true.

Solution
In under reinforced beam, the reinforcement failure occurs first while in over-
reinforced beam, concrete failure occurs first. Since steel shows significant amount of
plastic deformation before actually failing, it is more ductile while as the over reinforced
being brittle fails suddenly.
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Course ID: noc20_ce39
Assignment- Week 3
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

2. For cubes casted with M25 concrete, what number of cubes out of 100, may have the 28
days’ strength more than 25 MPa?

(a) All (b) 30 (c) 50 (d) 95

Solution
The characteristic strength is defined as the strength of material below which not more
than 5% of the test results are expected to fail. In other words, more than 95% of the
test results will pass.
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Course ID: noc20_ce39
Assignment- Week 3
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

3. Consider the following statements concerning the limit state method of design of
reinforced concrete.
1. The maximum strain in concrete at the outermost compression fibre is taken as
0.0035 in bending.
2. The maximum strain in the tension reinforcement in the section at failure shall not be
𝑓
less than 1.5𝑦𝐸 + 0.002,
𝑠
where,
𝑓𝑦 = yield strength of steel, and
Es = modulus of elasticity of steel

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution
The partial safety factor for material 𝜸𝒎 , for steel is 1.15, not 1.5.
Hence
𝒇𝒚
𝜺𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 = + 0.002 is wrong.
𝟏.𝟓 𝑬𝒔
𝒇𝒚
It should be 𝜺𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 = + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐
𝟏.𝟏𝟓 𝑬𝒔
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Course ID: noc20_ce39
Assignment- Week 3
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

4. Consider the following statements regarding Limit State Method of design.

Statement 1: For design purposes, the compressive strength of concrete in the structure
shall be assumed to be 0.67 times the characteristic strength. The partial safety factor 𝛾𝑚
= 1.5 shall be applied in addition to this.
Statement 2: The characteristic strength of concrete is determined from the results of
tests conducted on cube specimens of 150 mm. With a larger structure, the strength is
reduced to 2/3 of its value, as a result of size effect.

(a) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true and Statement 2 is correct
explanation of Statement 1.
(b) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true but Statement 2 is not a correct
explanation of Statement 1.
(c) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.
(d) Statement 1 is false but Statement 1 is true.

Solution
The characteristic strength of concrete is determined from the results of tests
conducted on cube specimens of 150 mm dimension. The dimensions of concrete
structures or in members of structure are different and widely varying. This has an
effect on the strength of concrete in the structure. This is known as size effect.

Due to the size effect, the characteristic strength of concrete is reduced to 2/3 of its
value and then further divided by the partial safety factor of the concrete (γm = 1.5) to
get the design strength of concrete, 0.67fck/1.5 = 0.446 fck
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Course ID: noc20_ce39
Assignment- Week 3
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

5. The minimum strain at failure in the tensile reinforcement of Fe500 of a RCC beam as
per limit state method is
(a) 0.0035 (b) 0.0025 (c) 0.0037 (d) 0.0042

Solution
𝒇 𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝜺𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 = 𝟏.𝟏𝟓𝒚 𝑬 + 0.002 = 𝟏.𝟏𝟓 × 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 0.002 = 0.0042
𝒔
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Course ID: noc20_ce39
Assignment- Week 3
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

6. The dimension of a rectangular section is 250 mm × 350 mm. The clear cover is 25 mm.
The tensile reinforcement is provided with 3 nos. 16mm Fe415 bars. The grade of concrete
used is M25. Following are the statements regarding the above section designed by limit
state method..

1. The percentage of steel provided is 0.76%

2. The section is under reinforced
3. The section is over reinforced.
4. The moment of resistance of the section is 48 KN-m

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 2 only

Solution
𝟏𝟔
Effective depth, d= 350 – 25 – = 317 mm
𝟐
𝝅 2 2
Ast = 3 × 𝟒 × 16 = 603.2 mm

𝟔𝟎𝟑.𝟐 ×𝟏𝟎𝟎
% of steel provided = = 0.76%. STATEMENT 1 IS CORRECT.
𝟐𝟓𝟎 × 𝟑𝟏𝟕

Depth of the neutral axis

𝒙𝒖 𝟎.𝟖𝟕 𝒇 𝑨𝒔𝒕 𝟎.𝟖𝟕 × 𝟒𝟏𝟓 × 𝟔𝟎𝟑.𝟐

= 𝟎.𝟑𝟔 𝒇𝒚 = = 0.305
𝒅 𝒄𝒌 𝒃𝒅 𝟎.𝟑𝟔 × 𝟐𝟓 ×𝟐𝟓𝟎 × 𝟑𝟏𝟕

𝒙𝒖,𝒎𝒂𝒙
= 0.48
𝒅

𝒙𝒖 𝒙
< 𝒖,𝒎𝒂𝒙 , hence it is an under-reinforced section.
𝒅 𝒅
STATEMENT 2 IS CORRECT.
STATEMENT 3 IS INCORRECT.

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast (d – 0.42xu)

= 0.87 × 415 × 603.2 × (317 – 0.42 × 0.305 × 317)

= 60.19 × 106 N-mm

= 60 KN-m
STATEMENT 4 IS INCORRECT.
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Course ID: noc20_ce39
Assignment- Week 3
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

7. A doubly reinforced concrete beam has an effective depth d, effective cover of d’ to the
centre of compression reinforcement. What is the maximum strain in concrete at the level
of compression reinforcement according to the limit state method?

(a) 0.0035(1-d’/d)
(b) 0.0035(1-d’/xu)
(c) 0.0020(1-d’/xu)
(d) 0.0020(1-d’/d)

Solution
Refer lecture 8 @28.45min
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Course ID: noc20_ce39
Assignment- Week 3
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

8. The rectangular beam of width, 250 mm is having effective depth of 317 mm. The concrete
grade is M25 and the grade of reinforcing steel is Fe415. Considering the section to be a
balanced section, calculate the area of tension reinforcement needed with regard to the
limit state method.

(a) 1024.67 mm2 (b) 602.3 mm2 (c) 948.23mm2 (d) 1256.64 mm2

Solution
Effective depth, d= 317 mm

Depth of the neutral axis for a balanced section

𝒙𝒖,𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟎.𝟖𝟕 𝒇 𝑨𝒔𝒕

= 𝟎.𝟑𝟔 𝒇𝒚
𝒅 𝒄𝒌 𝒃𝒅

𝒙𝒖,𝒎𝒂𝒙
Again, = 0.48 for a balanced section.
𝒅

𝟎.𝟑𝟔 𝒇𝒄𝒌 𝒃𝒅
𝑨𝒔𝒕 = 0.48 × = 948.23 mm2
𝟎.𝟖𝟕 𝒇𝒚
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Course ID: noc20_ce39
Assignment- Week 3
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

9. The rectangular beam of width, 300 mm is having overall depth of 400 mm. The concrete
grade is M20 and the grade of reinforcing steel is Fe415. The tensile reinforcement is
provided by 4-20 mm bars. In the compression side, the reinforcement is provided by 2-
12 mm bars. The clear cover is 25 mm. The salient points of design stress-strain curve of
Fe415 is given by (strain, stress, N/mm2) (0.00144,288), (0.00163,306), (0.00192,324),
(0.00241, 342), (0.00276, 351), (0.00380, 360).

Consider the following statements.

1. As per limit state method, the section will take additional moment of 27 KN-m
2. The stress in steel at compression level is equal to 353 MPa
3. The section is over reinforced.
4. The moment of resistance of the whole section is 140 KN-m

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 3 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4

Solution
Effective depth, d = 400 − 25 − 20/2 = 365 mm
Effective cover in compression side, d’= 25.0 + 12.0/2 = 31mm
𝝅
Ast = 4 × × 202 = 1256.63 mm2
𝟒
𝝅
Asc = 2 × 𝟒 × 122 = 226.19 mm2
xu = 0.48d = 175.2mm

Moment of resistance corresponding to a balanced section,

Mu1 = 0.138fck b d2 = 110.31 KN-m.

Moment of resistance due to steel

𝒙𝒖,𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟎.𝟖𝟕 𝒇𝒚 𝑨𝒔𝒕𝟏 𝟎.𝟑𝟔 𝒇𝒄𝒌 𝒃𝒅 𝒙𝒖,𝒎𝒂𝒙
= => Ast1 = × => Ast1= 1048.14mm2
𝒅 𝟎.𝟑𝟔 𝒇𝒄𝒌 𝒃𝒅 𝟎.𝟖𝟕 𝒇𝒚 𝒅

Amount of steel corresponding to a balanced section

Ast1= 1048.14mm2

The additional tensile reinforcement available is,

Ast2 = 1256.63 – 1048.14 = 208.49 mm2

Additional moment of resistance due to the additional tensile reinforcement,

Must2= 0.87 fy Ast2 (d-d’) = 25.14 KN-m. STATEMENT 1 IS CORRECT.
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Course ID: noc20_ce39
Assignment- Week 3
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

Hence Moment of resistance due to steel = 110.31+25.14 = 135.45 KN-m

Moment of resistance due to compression steel and concrete

𝒅’
Strain in compression steel, εsc = 0.0035(1- 𝒙 ) = 0.0029
𝒖

Stress in compression steel, fsc=353.1 N/mm2

STATEMENT 2 IS CORRECT.

Mu2 = fsc Asc (d – d’) = 26.67 KN-m.

Hence, moment of resistance due to compression steel and concrete

= 110.31+26.67
= 136.98 KN-m.

So, the moment of resistance of the whole section is 135.45 KN-m and is governed by
yielding of steel first, hence under-reinforced. STATEMENT 3 AND 4 IS
INCORRECT.
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Course ID: noc20_ce39
Assignment- Week 3
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

10. A T-beam is having the following dimension:

width of flange, bf = 1000mm
depth of flange, Df = 125mm,
width of web, bw = 250 mm
overall depth of beam, D = 250 mm
The concrete grade is M20 and the grade of reinforcing steel is Fe415.
The clear cover is 25 mm.

Considering a balanced section having 20 mm bars, which of the following is/are

incorrect?

1. The T-Beam can be considered as a rectangular beam.

2. The neutral axis lies within the web.
3. The area of steel required in balanced condition is equal to 2058 mm2
4. The moment capacity of the section is 128 KNm

(a) 3 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) None

Solution
d = 250 – 25 – 10 = 215mm
xu = 0.48d = 103.2mm < Df

Hence the neutral axis lies within the flange and the section can be treated as a
rectangular beam. STATEMENT 1 AND 2 ARE CORRECT.

𝒙𝒖 𝒇𝒄𝒌 𝟎.𝟑𝟔
Area of tensile reinforcement= Ast = × × × 𝒃𝒇 𝒅 = 2058 mm2
𝒅 𝒇𝒚 𝟎.𝟖𝟕
STATEMENT 3 IS CORRECT.

Mu = 0.36 𝒇𝒄𝒌 b xu (d - 0.42 xu ) = 127.5 KN-m.

STATEMENT 4 IS CORRECT.