Chapter IV

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CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS
A. Introduction to Analysis
Data analysis is the main part of a research. This chapter contains
the data analysis of the research entitled “Analysis on Pragmatic Force of
Declarative Utterances in Film Entitled Avatar”. In this research, the
researcher intends to find out the pragmatic force of declarative utterances
uttered by the main character (Jake Sully) in “Avatar” film using the
theories of Austin (1962) in Horn and Ward (2006: 54- 55) about speech
acts, Hymes in Fasold (1990: 44-46) about context, and Searle in Leech
(1983: 105-107) about the classification of act.
B. Data Analysis
This research focuses on exploring the possible pragmatic forces
carried by declarative utterances in film “Avatar”. This film tells about
human beings‟ expansion to the planet named Pandora. There are many
characters and conversations in this film. In those conversations, the
researcher finds so many declarative utterances. The researcher chooses
the utterances produced by Jake Sully as the data of this research. To
collect declarative utterances, the writer uses the three basic-sentence types
(Leech, 1983: 114); that a sentence may belong to declarative,
interrogative, or imperative type.
The authentic manuscript of Avatar film consists of 151 pages, and
the video‟s running time is about 157 minutes. From the manuscript and
video, there are 120 declarative utterances produced by Jake Sully. The
researcher randomly takes 40 utterances as the sample to be analyzed.
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Each utterance is analyzed in a datum, and it‟s marked by the number of

datum and the page of the film manuscript.
To detect pragmatic force of declarative utterance, context of
utterance is the main consideration. The context determines the
performance of acts when an utterance produced, as the explanation of
Austin (1962) in Horn and Ward (2006: 54- 55), that there are three acts
performed when a language is put to use; locutionary, illocutionary, and
perlocutionary acts. To expand context of an utterance, the researcher uses
the theory of Hymes in Fasold (1990: 44-46); Situation, Participants, Ends,
Act sequence, Key, Instrumentalities, Norms, and Genre. Moreover, to
classify the act of an utterance, the researcher uses the theory of Searle in
Leech (1983: 105-107) that there are five types of speech act based on the
illocutionary force; Assertives, Directives, Commissives, Expressives, and
Declarations.
1. Datum 1/ 265
Jake : It’s all over, Quaritch.
Description : Jake comes to stop Quaritch when the war is over
and human soldiers have given up, but Quaritch does not stop fighting.
a. Context
1) Situation : in the Pandora rainforest, in the war of
human and Na‟vi
2) Participants : Quaritch and Jake
3) Ends : Quaritch will surrender
4) Act sequence : Jake suggests Quaritch to stop fighting
because the war is over
5) Key : seriously
6) Instrumentalities : spoken
7) Norms : implicitly means that the war is over
8) Genre : intimidation
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b. Classification of act
 Locutionary act : a statement that the war is over
 Illocutionary act : Jake is suggesting Quaritch to stop fighting
 Perlocutionary act : Quaritch stops fighting and surrenders
The pragmatic force of the utterance “It‟s all over, Quaritch”

is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function, expected
effect, and the hearer‟s response on table 4.1.
Table 4.1
Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

Utterance Literal Utterance Effect Response
Meaning Meaning
It‟s all over, The war A suggestion Quaritch Quaritch
Quaritch. is over for Quaritch to stops shouts,
stop fighting fighting “Nothing‟s
and over while
surrenders I‟m
breathing.”
Table 4.1 shows that Quaritch responds Jake‟s statement by

saying that the war won‟t end if he is still alive. Jake‟s statement truly
means that the war of human and Na‟vi has ended. But, pragmatically
the statement is a suggestion for Quaritch to stop fighting and
surrender.
2. Datum 2/ 265
Jake : Kinda hoped you’d say that.
Description : the war is over, human soldiers have given up, and
Jake has tried to stop Quaritch but Quaritch is still fighting and doesn‟t
want to surrender.
a. Context
1) Situation commit to user rainforest, when the war ends
: in Pandora
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3) Ends : Quaritch will be ready to face Jake
4) Act sequence : Jake appoints himself to fight Quaritch
who keeps struggling
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake has expected
about Quaritch who will never surrender
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake has expected about
Quaritch who will never surrender
 Illocutionary act : Jake is appointing himself to fight Quaritch
 Perlocutionary act : Quaritch is ready to face Jake
The pragmatic force of the utterance “Kinda hoped you‟d say

that” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function, expected
Table 4.2

Meaning Meaning
Kinda Jake has A decision of Quaritch is Quaritch
hoped expected that Jake who will ready to runs to
you‟d say Quaritch will fight Quaritch face Jake attack Jake
that. never
surrender
Quaritch runs to attack Jake as the response of Jake‟s

statement. Actually, Jake has expected that Quaritch will never
surrender and keeps fight. So by the statement, pragmatically Jake
appoints himself to fight and stop Quaritch.
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3. Datum 3/ 248
Jake : There is no green there.
Description : Jake tells about human and the earth to mother
tree; the place where Eywa bounds in, and Jake wishes mother tree
would help Na‟vi to defeat human.
a. Context
1) Situation : at night, Jake‟s prayer in the center of
Pandora (the well of soul)
2) Participants : Jake and the mother tree
3) Ends : the mother tree knows about the bad
condition of the earth because of human‟s deed
4) Act sequence : Jake reports the mother tree about the bad
condition of the earth
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : explicitly means that the earth has no plants
now
8) Genre : notification
 Locutionary act : a statement that there are no plants on the
earth
 Illocutionary act : Jake is reporting the mother tree that the
earth is in bad condition because of human‟s deed
 Perlocutionary act : the mother tree knows the condition of
human and the earth
The pragmatic force of the utterance “There is no green there”

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Table 4.3

Meaning Meaning
There is no The earth A report from The mother No
green there. has no Jake for the tree knows response
plants mother tree that the
now the earth is in bad condition
condition because of human
of human‟s deed and the
earth
The mother tree doesn‟t respond Jake‟s statement because it is

a pure place on Pandora. From the table 4.3, Jake‟s statement means
that the earth has no plants. By the statement, Jake wants to report the
recent condition of the earth and human‟s deed to the mother tree.
4. Datum 4/ 248
Jake : They’re gonna come like rain that never ends.
Description : Jake tells the mother tree about the war that will
happen; human soldiers are planning to destroy the well of soul.
a. Context
1) Situation : at night, Jake‟s prayer the center of
Pandora (the well of soul)
2) Participants : Jake and the mother tree
3) Ends : the mother tree will help Na‟vi to defeat
human
4) Act sequence : Jake requests the mother tree‟s to help
Na‟vi defeat human soldiers who will destroy the well of soul
5) Key : seriously
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7) Norms : implicitly means that so many human

soldiers will come to destroy the well of soul
 Locutionary act : a statement that human soldiers will come
to destroy the well of soul
 Illocutionary act : Jake is requesting the mother tree to help
Na‟vi defeats human soldiers
 Perlocutionary act : the mother tree helps Na‟vi to defeat
human soldiers
The pragmatic force of the utterance “They‟re gonna come like

rain that never ends” is identified by comparing its literal meaning,
function, expected effect, and the hearer‟s response on table 4.4.
Table 4.4

Meaning Meaning
They‟re Many A request for The mother No
gonna come human the mother tree helps response
like rain soldiers will tree to help Na‟vi to
that never come to Na‟vi defeats defeat
ends. destroy the human human
well of soul soldiers
Table 4.4 shows that the mother tree doesn‟t respond Jake
because it is a pure place on Pandora. Jake‟s statement means that so
many human soldiers will come to destroy the well of soul. Implicitly,
Jake wishes mother tree helps Na‟vi to defeat human soldiers.
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5. Datum 5/ 225
Jake : A great evil is upon us.
Description : when the entire clans gather, Jake comes to extend
the information that human will destroy the home tree.
a. Context
1) Situation : in the Pandora forest, at clans gathering
2) Participants : Jake, Eytukan, Mo‟at, and the entire clans
3) Ends : Eytukan will lead the entire clans to go
away; avoid contact with human
4) Act sequence : Jake suggests Na‟vi to avoid human‟s
attack that may cause deaths
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that human is coming to
destroy the home tree
 Locutionary act : a statement that human is coming to
destroy the home tree
 Illocutionary act : Jake is suggesting Na‟vi to avoid human‟s
attack
 Perlocutionary act : Na‟vi goes away to avoid human‟s attack
The pragmatic force of the utterance “A great evil is upon us”

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Table 4.5

Meaning Meaning
A great evil Human is A suggestion Na‟vi goes All clans
is upon us. coming to for Na‟vi to go away to listen
destroy the away; avoid avoid carefully
home tree human‟s human‟s
attack attack
Table 4.5 shows that all clans listen carefully to Jake‟s

statement. Jake states that a great evil (human) is coming to destroy
the home tree. Actually, Jake wishes all clans to go quickly; he
suggests all clans to avoid human‟s attack.
6. Datum 6/ 192
Jake : That’s right! You are mine!
Description : Jake tries to be a banshee rider; he is tackling the
banshee around its neck and grabbing its whipping antenna, then he
succeeds to make a fusion with the banshee.
a. Context
1) Situation : on a grotto; the banshees‟ rookery, in
banshee subjection
2) Participants : Jake and a banshee
3) Ends : the banshee bows to Jake
4) Act sequence : Jake claims that he has done the fusion
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : explicitly means that the banshee is Jake‟s
riding animal now
8) Genre : exclamation
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 Locutionary act : a statement that the banshee is being Jake‟s
riding animal
 Illocutionary act : Jake is claiming that he has done the fusion
 Perlocutionary act : the banshee bows to Jake
The pragmatic force of the utterance “That‟s right! You are

mine!” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function,
expected effect, and the hearer‟s response on table 4.6.
Table 4.6

Meaning Meaning
That‟s The A claim that The banshee The
right! You banshee is Jake has done bows to Jake banshee
are mine! being the fusion with stops
Jake‟s the banshee struggling
riding
animal
The banshee stops struggling after Jake utters his statement.

The table shows that Jake‟s statement means the banshee is being
Jake‟s riding animal. Thus, pragmatically Jake utters the statement to
claim that he has fused with the banshee.
7. Datum 7/ 185
Jake : Excuse me; this is my video log here.
Description : Grace interrupts about how to understand Na‟vi
when Jake is making video log.
a. Context
1) Situation : video report in the Bio Lab
2) Participants commit to user
: Grace and Jake
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3) Ends : Grace doesn‟t disturb Jake on his video log

4) Act sequence : Jake requests Grace not to disturb him in
his video log about the Na‟vi‟s life
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that the video is Jake‟s
8) Genre : protest
 Locutionary act : a statement that the video log is Jake‟s
 Illocutionary act : Jake is requesting Grace not to disturb him
on his video
 Perlocutionary act : Grace keeps silent
The pragmatic force of the utterance “Excuse me; this is my

video log here” is identified by comparing its literal meaning,
Table 4.7

Meaning Meaning
Excuse me; The video A request of Grace Grace
this is my is Jake‟s Jake for Grace keeps silent doesn‟t
video log not to disturb speak
here. him in the anymore and
video log focus on her
microscope
Grace doesn‟t respond Jake‟s statement by words; she is just

silent and focuses on her microscope. The data on the table 4.7 shows
that pragmatically Jake‟s utterance is addressed to Grace. Jake wants
Grace to keep silent and not to disturb him in the video log.
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8. Datum 8/ 181
Jake : I need some rack.
Description : Jake looks tired, but Grace wants him to make a
report by video log.
a. Context
1) Situation : video report in the Bio Lab
2) Participants : Grace and Jake
3) Ends : Grace lets Jake to take a rest first
4) Act sequence : Jake requests Grace to let him take a rest
before take a video report
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : explicitly means that Jake wants to take a
rest
8) Genre : joke
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake wants to take rest
 Illocutionary act : Jake is requesting Grace to let him take a
rest
 Perlocutionary act : Grace lets Jake to take a rest first
The pragmatic force of the utterance “I need some rack” is

identified by comparing its literal meaning, function, expected effect,
and the hearer‟s response on table 4.8.
Table 4.8

Meaning Meaning
I need some Jake wants A request for Grace lets Grace says,
rack. to take a Grace to let Jake to take “No. Now,
rest Jake take a a rest first when it‟s
rest first fresh.”
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Grace responds Jake‟s statement; she wants Jake to make his

report when his memory is still fresh. Jake wants to take a rest first
before he makes a report, so he states that he needs some rack.
Pragmatically, Jake requests a time to Grace for his break.
9. Datum 9/ 171
Jake : It’s not something you can teach.
Description : in a breakfast time, the drivers lean forward and
hanging on Grace‟s re-telling of Jake‟s tale.
a. Context
1) Situation : breakfast time in commissary
2) Participants : Jake, Grace, max, drivers, scientists
3) Ends : others know that Jake got an awesome
experience in Pandora
4) Act sequence : Jake reports to other that he has got an
awesome experience in Pandora that others will never get
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Grace cannot teach
the experience that Jake got
8) Genre : joke
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake‟s experience cannot
be taught by Grace
 Illocutionary act : Jake is reporting to other that he has got an
awesome experience in Pandora
 Perlocutionary act : others know that Jake got an awesome
experience in Pandora
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The pragmatic force of the utterance “It‟s not something you

can teach” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function,
Table 4.9

Meaning Meaning
It‟s not Grace A report that Others know Max says,
something cannot Jake just got that Jake got “That‟s
you can teach the an awesome an awesome awesome,
teach. experience experience in experience in Jake.”
that Jake Pandora Pandora
got
Based on the table 4.9, Jake states that his experience cannot
be taught by Grace, and then Max says that what Jake‟s experienced is
awesome. Actually, Jake wants others to know that he got experience
which others will never get.
10. Datum 10/ 170

Jake : Yeah doc, and you are not going to believe
where I am.
Description : Grace, Max, and Norm try to bring Jake over, then
Jake wakes up; he looks around, blinking reality crashing in.
a. Context
1) Situation : at night, link dissolution in the link room
2) Participants : Grace, Max, Norm, and Jake
3) Ends : Grace knows that Jake succeeds of going to
the home tree of Na‟vi
4) Act sequence : Jake reports that he succeeds of going to
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: seriously
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7) Norms : implicitly means that Grace will not
believe where Jake comes from
8) Genre : joke
 Locutionary act : a statement that Grace will not believe
where Jake comes from
 Illocutionary act : Jake is reporting that he succeeds of going
to the home tree of Na‟vi
 Perlocutionary act : Grace knows that Jake succeeds of going to
The pragmatic force of the utterance “Yeah doc, and you are
not going to believe where I am” is identified by comparing its literal
meaning, function, expected effect, and the hearer‟s response on table
4.10.
Table 4.10

Meaning Meaning
Yeah doc, Grace will A report for Grace knows No
and you are not believe Grace that that Jake response
not going to where Jake Jake succeeds succeeds of
believe comes from of going to the going to the
where I am. home tree of home tree of
Na‟vi Na‟vi
When Jake wakes up, he states that Grace will not believe
where Jake comes from. In fact, Jake succeeds of going to the home
tree. Pragmatically, Jake wants to inform what he experienced as
surprise for Grace.
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11. Datum 11/ 167

Jake : My cup is empty, trust me.
Description : Jake comes to the home tree to meet Mo‟at. Jake
tells Mo‟at about himself and his purpose of coming to the home tree.
a. Context
1) Situation : at clan gathering, a night in the home tree
2) Participants : Jake, Mo‟at, and clan members
3) Ends : Mo‟at lets Jake to stay and learn from
Na‟vi
4) Act sequence : Jake requests Mo‟at to let him stay with the
clan in Pandora which he never knows before
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake doesn‟t know
anything about Na‟vi and Pandora
8) Genre : persuasion
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake knows nothing about
Na‟vi and Pandora
 Illocutionary act : Jake is requesting Mo‟at to let him learn
from Na‟vi and stay with the clan
 Perlocutionary act : Mo‟at lets Jake to learn from Na‟vi and
stay with her clan
The pragmatic force of the utterance “My cup is empty, trust

me” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function, expected
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Table 4.11

Meaning Meaning
My cup is Jake A request for Mo‟at lets Mo‟at eyes
empty, trust doesn‟t Mo‟at to let Jake to learn Jake sharply
me. know Jake lerarn from Na‟vi while asking
anything from Na‟vi and stay with who Jake
about Na‟vi and stay with the clan truly is
and the clan
Pandora
Table 4.11 shows that Mo‟at wonders why Jake comes to her
clans, so she asks Jake about his purpose. To convince and make
Mo‟at let him stays with the clan, Jake states that he doesn‟t know
anything about Na‟vi and Pandora. Actually, Jake‟s statement means
that he wants to learn from Na‟vi and stay with the clan.
12. Datum 12/ 161

Jake : If I’m so ignorant, maybe you should teach me.
Description : Jake meets Neytiri who saves him from wolves‟
attack, he wants to thank but Neytiri barks at him and says that he is so
ignorant.
a. Context
1) Situation : first meeting at night in the Pandora
rainforest
2) Participants : Neytiri and Jake
3) Ends : Neytiri allows Jake come with her
4) Act sequence : Jake requests Neytiri to allow him come
along
5) Key : seriously
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7) Norms : explicitly means that Jake is so ignorant, so

Neytiri should teach him
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake is so ignorant, so
Neytiri should teach him
 Illocutionary act : Jake is requesting Neytiri to allow him
come along
 Perlocutionary act: Neytiri allows Jake to come along with her
The pragmatic force of the utterance “If I‟m so ignorant,

maybe you should teach me” is identified by comparing its literal
4.12.
Table 4.12

Meaning Meaning
If I‟m so Jake is so A request for Neytiri Neytiri eying
ignorant, ignorant, so Neytiri to allows Jake Jake sharply
maybe you Neytiri allow Jake to to come while saying,
should should come along along with “Sky people
teach me. teach him with her her cannot learn.
You do not
see.”
Jake runs to follow Neytiri while stating that if he is so

ignorant, Neytiri should teach him. While they are walking, Neytiri
responds that Jake cannot learn. She doesn‟t want Jake to come along.
Table 4.12 shows that pragmatically Jake requests Neytiri to let him
come along with her.
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13. Datum 13/ 159

Jake : I would be screwed if you hadn’t come along.
Description : Neytiri just saved Jake from wolves‟ attack, she is
praying for the dead wolves when Jake closes on her.
a. Context
rainforest
2) Participants : Jake and Neytiri
3) Ends : thanking to Neytiri who has saved Jake
4) Act sequence : Jake thanks to Neytiri who has saved him
from wolves‟ attack
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake would be dead if
Neytiri didn‟t save him
8) Genre : gratitution
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake would be dead if
Neytiri didn‟t save him
 Illocutionary act : Jake is thanking to Neytiri who has saved
him
 Perlocutionary act : Neytiri accepts Jake‟s thank
The pragmatic force of the utterance “I would be screwed if

you hadn‟t come along” is identified by comparing its literal meaning,
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Table 4.13

Meaning Meaning
I would have Jake would A Thank for Neytiri Neytiri
been screwed be dead if Neytiri who accepts goes away
if you hadn‟t Neytiri has saved Jake Jake‟s
come along. didn‟t save from wolves‟ thank
him attack
Table 4.13 shows that Jake is safe because of Neytiri.

Pragmatically, Jake just wants to thank Neytiri who saved him from
wolves‟ attack. After Jake states the statement, Neytiri responds by
leaving Jake behind because she considers Jake as an alien.
14. Datum 14/ 157

Jake : I don’t have all goddamn night.
Description : Jake is attacked by some wolves, so he keeps torch
on his hands to fight those wolves.
a. Context
1) Situation : wild animal hunt in the Pandora rainforest
2) Participants : Jake and some wolves
3) Ends : the wolves are frightened and go away
4) Act sequence : Jake appoints that he will kill the wolves
that are attacking him
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake is not afraid of
night animals
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 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake is not afraid of night
animals
 Illocutionary act : Jake is appointing that he will kill the
wolves
 Perlocutionary act : the wolves are frightened and go away
The pragmatic force of the utterance “I don‟t have all

goddamn night” is identified by comparing its literal meaning,
Table 4.14

Meaning Meaning
I don‟t have Jake is not A decision The wolves The wolves
all afraid of that Jake will attack Jake attack Jake
goddamn night kill the wolves will be
night. animals frightened
and go away
Jake states that he is not afraid of night animal. Jake is

threatening wolves that attack him by pointing his torch to those
wolves. Pragmatically, Jake‟s statement is a decision that he will fight
and kill those wolves. After Jake states the statement, the wild wolves
attack Jake. Finally some wolves are killed by Jake.
15. Datum 15/ 152

Jake : It’s already pissed off.
Description : Jake and Grace meet an angry bull in the forest,
Jake is ready to fire it but Grace warns Jake not to fire the bull that
may cause it run amuck.
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a. Context
1) Situation : Jake and Grace face an angry animal in the
Pandora forest
3) Ends : Grace lets Jake to fire the bull
4) Act sequence : Jake requests Grace to let him fire the bull
which is already angry
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : explicitly means that The bull is already
angry
8) Genre : disputation
 Locutionary act : a statement that the bull is already angry
 Illocutionary act : Jake is requesting Grace to let him fire the
bull
 Perlocutionary act : Grace lets Jake fire the bull
The pragmatic force of the utterance “It‟s already pissed off”

Table 4.15

Meaning Meaning
It‟s already The bull is A request for Grace lets Grace asks Jake
pissed off. already Grace to let Jake fire not to fire the
angry Jake fire the the bull bull by saying,
bull “Jake, that
armor‟s too thick.
Trust me.”
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As a response, Grace asks Jake not to fire the bull because its
armor is so thick. The response is a rejection of Jake‟s statement. Jake
states that the bull is already angry. Implicitly, Jake‟s statement is a
request for Grace to let him fire the angry bull.
16. Datum 16/ 152

Jake : That’s what I’m talkin’ about, bitch!
Description : Jake runs straight at the bull, screams while
spreads his arms, then the bull turns and goes away.
a. Context
1) Situation : an exploration in Pandora rainforest
2) Participants : Jake and the bull
3) Ends : the bull doesn‟t come back to attack Jake
again
4) Act sequence : Jake claims that he is stronger than the bull
which runs away
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that running is the best
choice for the bull
8) Genre : objurgation
 Locutionary act : a statement that running is the best choice
for the bull
 Illocutionary act : Jake is claiming himself is stronger than
the bull
 Perlocutionary act : the bull doesn‟t come back to attack Jake
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The pragmatic force of the utterance “That‟s what I‟m talkin‟

about, bitch!” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function,
Table 4.16

Meaning Meaning
That‟s what Running is A claim that The bull The bull
I‟m talkin‟ the best Jake is doesn‟t keeps run
about, choice for stronger than come back
bitch! the bull the bull to attack
Jake
Jake states the statement when the bull goes away. Jake thinks
that the bull is afraid of him. Pragmatically, Jake claims that he is
stronger than the bull, and running is the right decision for the bull.
17. Datum 17/ 144

Jake : I figured, just another hellhole.
Description : Quaritch tells Jake about the dangerous of
Pandora, and he wants Jake to be careful.
a. Context
1) Situation : talk in the gym
3) Ends : Quaritch believes that Jake is ready for
mission in Pandora
4) Act sequence : Jake claims that he has experienced other
dangerous missions like in Pandora which he will carry on
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake considers
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Pandora just as another dangerous place
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8) Genre : reaction
 Locutionary act : a statement that Pandora is just as another
dangerous place
 Illocutionary act : Jake is claiming that he has experienced
other dangerous missions like in Pandora
 Perlocutionary act : Quaritch believes that Jake is ready for
mission in Pandora
The pragmatic force of the utterance “I figured, just another

hellhole” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function,
Table 4.17

Meaning Meaning
I figured, Jake A claim that Quaritch No
just another considers Jake has believes that response
hellhole. Pandora experienced Jake is ready
just as other dangerous for mission
another missions like in in Pandora
dangerous Pandora
place
Jake states Pandora is just another hellhole. Based on the table

4.17, implicitly Jake claims that he has experienced another mission
like in Pandora and he is ready for the mission in Pandora.
18. Datum 18/ 143

Jake : You guys’re packing some heavy ordinance.
Description : Trudy gets Jake to go around the armor bay, Jake
sees some soldiers packing many guns and missiles.
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a. Context
1) Situation : soldiers morning preparation in the armor
bay
2) Participants : Trudy and Jake
3) Ends : Trudy tells why they are packing many
guns and missiles
4) Act sequence : Jake asks to Trudy why they pack many
guns and missiles for the flight in Pandora forest
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : explicitly means that the soldiers are
packing many weapons; guns and missiles
8) Genre : joke
 Locutionary act : a statement that the soldiers pack many
weapons
 Illocutionary act : Jake is asking to Trudy why they pack
many guns and missiles
 Perlocutionary act : Trudy answers the question by telling the
reason why they pack many guns and missiles
The pragmatic force of the utterance “You guys‟re packing

some heavy ordinance” is identified by comparing its literal meaning,
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Table 4.18

Meaning Meaning
You The soldiers A question Trudy answers Trudy says,
guys‟re are packing for Trudy; the question “Yeah,
packing many why they by telling the „cause
some heavy weapons; pack many reason why we‟re not
ordinance. guns and guns and they pack only thing
missiles missiles many guns flyin‟
and missiles around out
there.”
Trudy tells the reason why they pack many guns and missiles
as the response of Jake‟s statement. By his statement, Jake implicitly
asks to Trudy why the soldiers pack many guns and missiles.
19. Datum 19/ 142

Jake : That’s kinda freaky.
Description : Grace forbids Jake not to fiddle with his end of
long braided queue of hair because it can make him blind.
a. Context
1) Situation : bed time in the avatar lounge house
3) Ends : Grace tells the truth
4) Act sequence : Jake complains to Grace‟s statement that
his hair which he is touching can make him blind
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : explicitly means that Jake‟s hair is freaky
and can make him blind
8) Genre : joke
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 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake‟s hair is freaky and it
can make him blind
 Illocutionary act : Jake is complaining to Grace‟s statement
about his hair that can make him blind
 Perlocutionary act : Grace tells the truth
The pragmatic force of the utterance “That‟s kinda freaky” is

Table 4.19

Meaning Meaning
That‟s Jake‟s hair A Complaint Grace tells Grace
kinda is freaky for Grace who the truth doesn‟t give
freaky. and can states that response, she
make him Jake‟s hair can just walks
blind make him away
blind
Jake states that his hair is freaky after Grace says that his hair
can make him blind. Pragmatically, Jake statement is a complaint to
Grace‟s statement; he doubts about it and wishes Grace was just lying.
20. Datum 20/ 137

Jake : Maybe I was just tired of doctor’s telling what I
couldn’t do.
Description : Jake has no exercise for mission in Pandora before,
so Grace confirms Jake‟s conviction to do the mission in Pandora.
a. Context
1) Situation commit
: linktodissolution
user in the link room
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3) Ends : Grace believes on Jake to do the mission in
Pandora
4) Act sequence : Jake appoints himself that he is ready for
the mission in Pandora
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake was tired of
Grace‟s prohibitions
8) Genre : joke
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake was tired of Grace‟s
prohibitions
 Illocutionary act : Jake is appointing himself that he is ready
to do the mission in Pandora
 Perlocutionary act : Grace believes on Jake to do the mission in
Pandora
The pragmatic force of the utterance “Maybe I was just tired of

doctor‟s telling what I couldn‟t do” is identified by comparing its
literal meaning, function, expected effect, and the hearer‟s response on
table 4.20.
Table 4.20

Meaning Meaning
Maybe I was Jake was A decision Grace Grace just
just tired of tired of that Jake is believes on eyes Jake
doctor‟s Grace‟s ready to do Jake to do
telling what I prohibitions the mission the mission
couldn‟t do. in Pandora in Pandora
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Grace confirms Jake‟s conviction, and then Jake states that he

was tired of Grace‟s prohibitions. Pragmatically, Jake appoints
himself that he is ready to do the mission in Pandora; so Grace
entrusts the mission on him.
21. Datum 21/ 134

Jake : I know it’s a big inconvenience to everyone.
Description : Jake comes as the substitute of his brother. He
informs about his brother‟s death to Grace who looks disappointed of
his coming.
a. Context
1) Situation : at the Bio Lab orientation for new members
2) Participants : Grace, Jake, Norm, and Max
3) Ends : Grace and Max tolerate the death of Jake‟s
brother
4) Act sequence : Jake apologizes to Grace and Max about
his brother passing
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that the death of Jake‟s
brother makes a disappointment for other scientists
8) Genre : apologize
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake‟s brother death makes
a disappointment for other scientists
 Illocutionary act : Jake is apologizing of his brother passing
 Perlocutionary act : Grace and Max tolerate the death of Jake‟s
brother
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The pragmatic force of the utterance “I know it‟s a big

inconvenience to everyone” is identified by comparing its literal
4.21.
Table 4.21

Meaning Meaning
I know it‟s a The death An Grace and Grace is silent
big of Jake‟s apologize Max for a moment
inconvenienc brother to Grace tolerate and then says,
e to makes a and Max Jake‟s “How much lab
everyone. disappoint about the brother training have
ment for death of passing you had? Ever
other Jake‟s run a gas
scientists brother chromatograph?
”
Grace is disappointed of Jake‟s coming because she expects

Jake‟s brother coming. Jake is not Grace‟s expectation, he comes to
substitute his brother. By stating the statement, Jake intends to
apologize about his brother passing to Grace and Max.
22. Datum 22/ 132

Jake : It looks like him.
Description : Jake sees his avatar when Max explains about
avatar to him and Norm.
a. Context
1) Situation : avatar explanation in the Bio Lab
2) Participants : Max, Norm, and Jake
3) Ends : Max tells the owner of the avatar that
Jake‟s facing
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4) Act sequence : Jake confirms whether the avatar in front of

him is his brother‟s or not
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : explicitly means that the avatar looks like
Jake‟s brother
8) Genre : reaction
 Locutionary act : a statement that the avatar looks like Jake‟s
brother
 Illocutionary act : Jake is confirming whether the avatar is his
brother‟s or not
 Perlocutionary act : Max tells Jake about the avatar owner
The pragmatic force of the utterance “It looks like him” is

Table 4.22
Declarative Sentence Function/ Expecte Hearer’s

Utterance Literal Utterance d Effect Response
Meaning Meaning
It looks like The avatar A Max Norm receives
him. looks like confirmation tells by saying,
Jake‟s whether the about “No, it looks
brother avatar is the like you. This
Jake‟s avatar is your avatar
brother‟s or owner now, Jake.”
not
Norm responds Jake‟s statement by saying that the avatar is no

longer his brother‟s, but it is Jake‟s now. Pragmatically, Jake
statement is a confirmation about the avatar owner; he wonders
whether the avatar is his brother or not.
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23. Datum 23/ 160

Jake : Okay, fine, you love your little forest friends.
Description : Neytiri scolds Jake who she saved from wolves‟
attack in Pandora forest.
a. Context
1) Situation : first meeting at night in Pandora rainforest
2) Participants : Jake and Neytiri
3) Ends : Neytiri pardons Jake
4) Act sequence : Jake apologizes to Neytiri about his
mistake
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that killing the wolves is a
mistake
8) Genre : regret
 Locutionary act : a statement that killing the wolves is a
mistake
 Illocutionary act : Jake is apologizing to Neytiri
 Perlocutionary act : Neytiri pardons Jake
The pragmatic force of the utterance “Okay, fine, you love

your little forest friends” is identified by comparing its literal
4.23.
Table 4.23

Meaning Meaning
Okay, fine, you Killing the An apologize Neytiri Neytiri
love your little wolves is a to Neytiri pardons just looks
forest friends. commit to user
mistake Jake at Jake
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Table 4.23 shows that after Jake kills wolves, he states the
statement to Neytiri who is scolding him. By the statement, implicitly
Jake apologizes to Neytiri because of his act.
24. Datum 24/ 162

Jake : I need your help.
Description : Jake is following Neytiri, he wants to come along
with Neytiri.
a. Context
rainforest
2) Participants : Neytiri and Jake
3) Ends : Neytiri lets Jake to come along
4) Act sequence : Jake requests Neytiri to let him come along
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake needs Neytiri‟s
help
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake needs Neytiri‟s help
 Illocutionary act : Jake is requesting Neytiri to let him come
along
 Perlocutionary act : Neytiri lets Jake to come along
The pragmatic force of the utterance “I need your help” is

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Table 4.24

Meaning Meaning
I need your Jake needs A request for Neytiri lets Neytiri eyes
help. Neytiri‟s Neytiri to let Jake to Jake and then
help Jake come come along says, “You
along should not be
here.”
After Neytiri saves Jake, she goes away. Jake follows her, but
she doesn‟t want Jake to come with her. Jake states that he needs
Neytiri‟s help. Pragmatically, it is a request to Neytiri to let him come
along.
25. Datum 25/ 167

Jake : I came to learn.
Description : Neytiri brings Jake to the home tree. Jake meets
Mo‟at who interrogates his purpose of coming to the clan.
a. Context
1) Situation : at clan gathering, a night in the home tree
2) Participants : Jake and Mo‟at
3) Ends : Mo‟at lets Jake to stay and teaches Jake
how to live as Na‟vi
4) Act sequence : Jake requests Mo‟at to let him stay with the
clan and to teach him how to live as Na‟vi
5) Key : speak politely
7) Norms : explicitly means that Jake‟s purpose of
coming to Pandora is to learn from Na‟vi
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 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake comes to learn from
Na‟vi
 Illocutionary act : Jake is requesting Mo‟at to let him stay and
to teach him how to live as Na‟vi
 Perlocutionary act : Mo‟at lets Jake stay and teaches him how
to live as Na‟vi
The pragmatic force of the utterance “I came to learn” is

Table 4.25

Meaning Meaning
I came to Jake‟s A request for Mo‟at lets Mo‟at says,
learn. purpose of Mo‟at to let Jake to stay “We have
coming to Jake stay and and teaches tried to teach
Pandora is to teach him him how to other sky
to learn how to live as live as people.”
from Na‟vi Na‟vi Na‟vi
Mo‟at‟s response is to reject Jake‟s pretention. Mo‟at says that

Na‟vi has ever accepted another human in the clan before. Based on
the table 4.25, Jake‟s statement actually is a request to Mo‟at; he
wishes Mo‟at let him stay to learn from the clan.
26. Datum 26/ 176

Jake : I know this guy could speak English.
Description : Tsu‟tey comes and speaks in English to chase Jake
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away when Neytiri is coaching Jake to ride horse.
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a. Context
1) Situation : riding horse training in the Pandora
rainforest
2) Participants : Jake, Neytiri, and Tsu‟tey
3) Ends : others know that Tsu‟tey lies to Jake
4) Act sequence : Jake blames Tsu‟tey who lies to Jake that
he cannot speak English
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake has expected
Tsu‟tey could speak English
8) Genre : satire
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake has expected that
Tsu‟tey could speak English
 Illocutionary act : Jake is blaming Tsu‟tey who lies to him
that he cannot speak English
 Perlocutionary act : others know that Tsu‟tey lies to Jake
The pragmatic force of the utterance “I know this guy could

speak English” is identified by comparing its literal meaning,
Table 4.26

Meaning Meaning
I know this Jake has An accusation Others Tsu‟tey
guy could expected for Tsu‟tey who know that smiles
speak that Tsu‟tey lies to Jake that Tsu‟tey has meanly to
English. could speak he cannot speak lied to Jake Jake
English English
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Tsu‟tey speaks in English to chase Jake away, he doesn‟t like

of Jake‟s existence. Jake states that he has expected Tsu‟tey could
speak English. Implicitly, Jake is blaming Tsu‟tey, he is surprised of
Tsu‟tey‟s words; Tsu‟tey never speaks in English before. Jake
considers that Tsu‟tey was lying to him.
27. Datum 27/ 181

Jake : The days are starting to blur together.
Description : Jake makes a report by video log; he reports that
he was starting to be a part of clans.
a. Context
1) Situation : in a video report, at night in the shack
2) Participants : Jake
3) Ends : scientists know Jake‟s condition
4) Act sequence : Jake reports his condition after a long
moment executed the mission in Pandora
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake is starting to
realize that he is one of Na‟vi people
8) Genre : report
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake is starting to realize
that he is one of Na‟vi people
 Illocutionary act : Jake is reporting his condition after a long
moment executed the mission in Pandora
 Perlocutionary act : scientists know Jake‟s condition
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The pragmatic force of the utterance “The days are starting to

blur together” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function,
Table 4.27

Meaning Meaning
The days Jake is A report of Scientists No
are starting starting to Jake‟s condition know response
to blur realize that after a long Jake‟s
together. he is one of moment condition
Na‟vi people executed the
mission in
Pandora
Jake is making a video log, he states that his days are starting
to blur together. He tells about his condition in executing Pandora
mission. Implicitly, he wants to inform his mental condition to the
scientists by the video.
28. Datum 28/ 137

Jake : I got this.
Description : Grace tries to help Jake who is hauling himself
across from his wheelchair.
a. Context
1) Situation : at link launch, in the link room
3) Ends : Grace doesn‟t help Jake
4) Act sequence : Jake orders Grace not to help him hauling
himself across from his wheelchair
5) Key : seriously
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6) Instrumentalities to user
: spoken
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7) Norms : explicitly means that Jake can help himself

8) Genre : prohibition
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake can help himself
 Illocutionary act : Jake is ordering Grace not to help him
 Perlocutionary act : Grace doesn‟t help Jake
The pragmatic force of the utterance “I got this” is identified

by comparing its literal meaning, function, expected effect, and the
hearer‟s response on table 4.28.
Table 4.28

Meaning Meaning
I got this. Jake can help An order for Grace Grace
himself Grace not to doesn‟t raises her
help Jake help Jake hands
Based on the table 4.28, Grace raises her hands after Jake
states the statement. Pragmatically, Jake‟s statement is an order to
Grace who want help him; Jake wants Grace not to help him because
Jake considers that he can help himself.
29. Datum 29/ 196

Jake : That’s long time.
Description : Neytiri tells Jake about her grandfather‟s
grandfather who was a Toruk Macto.
a. Context
1) Situation : at night in the home tree when Neytiri tells
the Toruk Macto legend
2) Participants commit to user
: Neytiri and Jake
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3) Ends : Neytiri clarifies that the last Toruk Macto

was long time ago
4) Act sequence : Jake confirms Neytiri that the last Toruk
Macto was her grandfather‟s grandfather, and it was so long
time ago
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that the last Toruk Macto
was long time ago
8) Genre : reaction
 Locutionary act : a statement that the last Toruk Macto was
long time ago
 Illocutionary act : Jake is confirming Neytiri that the last
Toruk Macto was so long time ago
 Perlocutionary act : Neytiri clarifies that the last Toruk Macto
was so long time ago
The pragmatic force of the utterance “That‟s long time” is

Table 4.29

Meaning Meaning
That‟s long The last A confirmation Neytiri clarifies Neytiri
time. Toruk to Neytiri that that the last says,
Macto the last Toruk Toruk Macto “Yes”
was so Macto was so was her
long long time ago grandfather‟s
time ago grandfather and
it was so long
time ago
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Table 4.29 shows that Neytiri says “Yes” as the response of

Jake‟s statement. Pragmatically, Jake‟s statement is intended to
confirm Neytiri about the last Toruk Macto; that it was long time ago.
30. Datum 30/ 200

Jake : I can barely remember my old life.
Description : Jake is making a report by video log. He reports
his condition in executing the mission in Pandora after three months.
a. Context
1) Situation : at video report in the Bio Lab
3) Ends : scientists know that the mission is so
occupying Jake
4) Act sequence : Jake complains that the mission in Pandora
is so occupying him
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake almost cannot
take care of his own life
8) Genre : grievances
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake almost cannot take
care of his own life
 Illocutionary act : Jake is complaining that the mission is so
occupying him
 Perlocutionary act : scientists know that the mission is so
occupying Jake
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The pragmatic force of the utterance “I can barely remember

my old life” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function,
Table 4.30

Meaning Meaning
I can barely Jake almost A complaint Scientists No
remember cannot take that the know that the response
my old life. care of his mission is so mission is so
own life occupying occupying
Jake Jake
By video log Jake wants to tell his condition and the

development of the mission in Pandora. Jake states that he almost
cannot remember his old life. Pragmatically, he is complaining about
the mission that it is so occupying him.
31. Datum 31/ 200

Jake : I’m not sure who I am anymore.
Description : Jake is making a report by video log. He reports
his condition in executing the mission in Pandora after three months.
a. Context
1) Situation : at video report in the Bio Lab
3) Ends : scientists know that Jake is in a depression
4) Act sequence : Jake complains that the mission in Pandora
makes him to be in a depression
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake loses his life as a
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normal human
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8) Genre : grievances
 Locutionary act : a statement that he loses his life as a
normal human
 Illocutionary act : Jake is complaining that the mission makes
him to be in a depression
 Perlocutionary act : scientists know that Jake is in a depression
The pragmatic force of the utterance “I‟m not sure who I am

anymore” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function,
Table 4.31

Meaning Meaning
I‟m not Jake loses A complaint Scientists No
sure who I his life as a that the know that response
am normal mission makes Jake is in a
anymore. human Jake to be in a depression
depression
Jake is making a report of his condition; he states that he loses

his life as a normal human. Pragmatically, the statement is a complaint
about the mission that brings him into a depression.
32. Datum 32/ 201

Jake : No. I can do this.
Description : Quaritch meets Jake to take an evaluation of the
mission in Pandora. Quaritch wants to stop the mission because he
doubts that Jake would succeed.
a. Context
1) Situation commit to user evaluation in the armor bay
: a mission
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3) Ends : Quaritch lets Jake to finish the mission
4) Act sequence : Jake requests Quaritch to let him finish the
mission in Pandora
5) Key : speak clearly
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake will finish the
mission
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake will finish the mission
 Illocutionary act : Jake is requesting Quaritch to let him finish
the mission
 Perlocutionary act : Quaritch lets Jake to finish the mission
The pragmatic force of the utterance “No. I can do this” is

Table 4.32

Meaning Meaning
No. I can Jake will A request for Quaritch lets Quaritch
do this. finish the Quaritch to Jake finish says, “Look,
mission let Jake the mission you‟ve given
finish the me plenty
mission usable Intel.”
Quaritch responds Jake‟s statement by saying that Jake has

given him much important information. The information is more than
enough for Quaritch to attack the home tree. Jake‟s statement actually
is a request for Quaritch to let him finish the mission; relocating Na‟vi
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clans from the home tree.
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33. Datum 33/ 224

Jake : Look Selfridge, you don’t this kind of blood on
your hands.
Description : Jake and Grace persuade Selfridge not to destroy
the home tree before they relocate Na‟vi clans.
a. Context
1) Situation : a disputation in the Ops center
2) Participants : Selfridge, Grace, and Jake
3) Ends : Selfridge doesn‟t destroy the home tree
before Jake and Grace relocate Na‟vi clans
4) Act sequence : Jake advises Selfridge not to destroy the
home tree before Jake and Grace relocate Na‟vi clans
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Selfridge‟s plan may
cause many victims
 Locutionary act : a statement that Selfridge‟s plan may cause
many victims
 Illocutionary act : Jake is advising Selfridge not to destroy the
home tree before Jake and Grace relocate Na‟vi clans
 Perlocutionary act : Selfridge doesn‟t destroy the home tree
before Jake and Grace relocate Na‟vi clans
The pragmatic force of the utterance “Look Selfridge, you

don‟t this kind of blood on your hands” is identified by comparing its
literal meaning, function, expected effect, and the hearer‟s response on
table 4.33.
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Table 4.33

Meaning Meaning
Look Selfridge‟s An advice for Selfridge Selfridge
Selfridge, plan may Selfridge not doesn‟t looks at
you don‟t cause many to destroy the destroy the Jake
this kind of victims home tree home tree while
blood on before Jake before Jake thinking
your hands. and Grace and Grace
relocate Na‟vi relocate Na‟vi
clans clans
Jake states that Selfridge‟s plan may cause many victims.

Based on the table 4.33, Jake pragmatically is advising Selfridge to
postpone his plan till Jake and Grace relocate Na‟vi clans from the
home tree. Then Selfridge looks at Jake while considering Jake‟s
advice.
34. Datum 34/ 235

Jake : Eytukan, I have something to say to everyone.
Description : Jake comes to the clans to inform that human is
coming to destroy their home tree.
a. Context
1) Situation : at clans gathering in the Pandora rainforest
2) Participants : Jake and Eytukan
3) Ends : Eytukan lets Jake to speak in front of his
clans
4) Act sequence : Jake requests Eytukan to let him speak to
clans about the human‟s attack
5) Key : seriously
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7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake has to inform

something to clans
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake has to inform
something important to clans
 Illocutionary act : Jake is requesting Eytukan to let him speak
to clans
 Perlocutionary act : Eytukan lets Jake to speak in front of the
clans
The pragmatic force of the utterance “Eytukan, I have

something to say to everyone” is identified by comparing its literal
4.34.
Table 4.34

Meaning Meaning
Eytukan, I Jake has to A request for Eytukan Eytukan
have inform Eytukan to let lets Jake to says,
something something Jake speak in speak in “Speak,
to say to important to front of the front of his Jake
everyone. clans clans clans Sully.”
Jake says to Eytukan that he has to inform something

important to clans, and then Eytukan lets Jake to speak in the presence
of all Na‟vi clans. Based on the table 4.34, Jake‟s statement is
functioning as a request for Eytukan to let Jake speak to Na‟vi clans.
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35. Datum 35/ 235

Jake : Good, ‘cause that’s where we’re going.
Description : Jake and Trudy are in a radio communication
about their destination; the well of soul.
a. Context
1) Situation : in a radio communication
2) Participants : Jake and Trudy
3) Ends : Trudy goes ahead
4) Act sequence : Jake orders Trudy to go ahead till arrive in
the well of soul
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Trudy is on the right
way
8) Genre : justification
 Locutionary act : a statement that Trudy is on the right way
 Illocutionary act : Jake is ordering Trudy to go ahead
 Perlocutionary act : Trudy goes ahead
The pragmatic force of the utterance “Good, „cause that‟s

where we‟re going” is identified by comparing its literal meaning,
Table 4.35

Meaning Meaning
Good, „cause Trudy is on An order for Trudy goes Trudy
that‟s where the right Trudy to go ahead says.
we‟re going. way ahead “Copy.”
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Jake states that Trudy is on the right way to the well of soul.
Trudy responses Jake by saying “Copy”. Implicitly, Jake‟s statement
is an order for Trudy as the pilot. Jake wants Trudy to go ahead for the
well of soul.
36. Datum 36/ 235

Jake : The people can help you.
Description : Grace is dying, but Jake tries to convince her that
Na‟vi could save her.
a. Context
1) Situation : a talk in the Samson cabin
2) Participants : Jake and Grace
3) Ends : Grace believes that she will be saved
4) Act sequence : Jake sentences that Grace will be saved by
Na‟vi
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Na‟vi will save Grace
8) Genre : encouragement
 Locutionary act : a statement that Na‟vi will save Grace
 Illocutionary act : Jake is sentencing that Grace will be saved
 Perlocutionary act : Grace believes that she will be saved
The pragmatic force of the utterance “The people can help

you” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function, expected
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Table 4.36

Meaning Meaning
The people Na‟vi will A verdict that Grace Grace
can help save Grace Grace will be believes stares at
you. saved that she Jake
will be
saved
Grace is dying when they are on the way to get help from
Na‟vi. By stating the statement, Jake is appointing that Grace will be
saved. He is convincing Grace that Na‟vi will save her.
37. Datum 37/ 236

Jake : I’ve gotta try, Norm.
Description : Jake wants to get Na‟vi‟s help to save Grace, but
Norms remind Jake that to get Na‟vi‟s help is almost impossible.
a. Context
1) Situation : a talk in the shack
2) Participants : Jake and Norms
3) Ends : Norm believes that Jake will get Na‟vi‟s
help
4) Act sequence : Jake appoints that he will go to ask help
from Na‟vi
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake has to try to get
Na‟vi‟s help
8) Genre : reaction
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 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake has to try to get
Na‟vi‟s help
 Illocutionary act : Jake is appointing that he will go to ask
help from Na‟vi
 Perlocutionary act : Norm believes that Jake will get Na‟vi‟s
help
The pragmatic force of the utterance “I‟ve gotta try, Norm” is

Table 4.37

Meaning Meaning
I‟ve gotta Jake has to A decision Norm Norms
try, Norm. try to get that Jake will believes that stares at
Na‟vi‟s go to get Jake will get Jake
help Na‟vi‟s help Na‟vi‟s help
Norm doubts that Na‟vi would help Grace, but Jake is trying to
convince Norm by stating that he has to try. Jake‟s statement
pragmatically is a decision that Jake will go.
38. Datum 38/ 242

Jake : You would honor me by translating.
Description : after the clans tried to save Grace, Jake turns to
Tsu‟tey and the crowd to say something.
a. Context
1) Situation : at clans gathering in the well of soul
2) Participants : Jake and Tsu‟tey
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3) Ends : Tsu‟tey translates what Jake saids
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4) Act sequence : Jake requests Tsu‟tey to translate his words

in front of all clans
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake will be honored
if Tsu‟tey translates his words
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake would be honored if
Tsu‟tey is willing to translate what Jake would say
 Illocutionary act : Jake is requesting Tsu‟tey to translate his
words
 Perlocutionary act : Tsu‟tey is willing to translate what Jake
would say
The pragmatic force of the utterance “You would honor me by

translating” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function,
Table 4.38

Meaning Meaning
You would Jake will be A request for Tsu‟tey is Tsu‟tey
honor me honored if Tsu‟tey to willing to nodes;
by Tsu‟tey is translate Jake‟s translate which
translating. willing to words into what Jake indicates
translate Na‟vi language would say that he will
what he because he is into Na‟vi translate
would say not able to language Jake‟s
into Na‟vi speak in Na‟vi words into
language language Na‟vi
language
Jake has something to say, thus he needs Tsu‟tey to translate

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what he wants to say. To request Tsu‟tey, Jake states that he will be
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honored if Tsu‟tey is willing to translate his words into Na‟vi

language so the clans could understand.
39. Datum 39/ 246

Jake : Then I guess we better stop him.
Description : Jake, Norm, and Trudy are talking about
Quaritch‟s plan to destroy the well of soul.
a. Context
1) Situation : a discussion in the shack
2) Participants : Jake, Norm, and Trudy
3) Ends : Norm and Trudy are ready to fight
Quaritch and his soldiers
4) Act sequence : Jake orders Norm and Trudy to get ready to
fight Quaritch and his soldiers who plan to destroy the well of
soul
5) Key : seriously
7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake, Norm, and
Trudy have to stop Quaritch
8) Genre : recommendation
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake, Norm, and Trudy
have to stop Quaritch
 Illocutionary act : Jake is ordering Norm and Trudy to get
ready to fight Quaritch and his soldiers
 Perlocutionary act : Norm and Trudy are ready to fight
Quaritch and his soldiers
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The pragmatic force of the utterance “Then I guess we better

stop him” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function,
Table 4.39

Meaning Meaning
Then I Jake, Norm, An order for Norm and Trudy
guess we and Trudy Norm and Trudy are looks at
better stop have to stop Trudy to get ready to Jake and
him. Quaritch ready to fight fight then smiles
Quaritch and Quaritch and
his soldiers his soldiers
Trudy receives Jake‟s statement by smiling; she is ready to

fight. Jake‟s statement “Then I guess we better to stop him” is an
order for Norm and Trudy to prepare themselves to fight Quaritch and
his soldiers.
40. Datum 40/ 239

Jake : I can’t do this without you.
Description : Jake comes to clans to get help for Grace. He turns
to Tsu‟tey who stares at him with fear and incomprehension.
a. Context
1) Situation : at clans gathering in the well of soul
2) Participants : Jake and Tsu‟tey
3) Ends : Tsu‟tey helps Jake to persuade the clans to
save Grace
4) Act sequence : Jake requests Tsu‟tey to help him persuade
the clans to help Grace
5) Key : seriously
commit
6) Instrumentalities to user
: spoken
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7) Norms : implicitly means that Jake wouldn‟t get

help of the clans without Tsu‟tey
 Locutionary act : a statement that Jake wouldn‟t get help
from the clans without Tsu‟tey
 Illocutionary act : Jake is requesting Tsu‟tey to help him
persuade the clans
 Perlocutionary act : Tsu‟tey helps Jake to persuade the clans
The pragmatic force of the utterance “I can‟t do this without

you” is identified by comparing its literal meaning, function, expected
Table 4.40

Meaning Meaning
I can‟t do Jake A request for Tsu‟tey Tsu‟teu says,
this without wouldn‟t Tsu‟tey to helps Jake “I will fly with
you. get help help Jake to persuade you.” The
from the persuade the the clans utterance
clans clans means that
without Tsu‟tey will
Tsu‟tey help Jake
Jake states “I can do this without you”, and then Tsu‟tey says
“I will fly with you”. Pragmatically, Jake is requesting Tsu‟tey to help
him to persuade the clans. Jake cannot ask the clans to help, so
Tsu‟tey is willing to help Jake for the persuasion.
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C. Discussion
The result and findings that the researcher obtained from the data
analysis are discussed in this part. The discussion refers to the problem
statement in chapter one. The main point is the description of the
pragmatic force of declarative utterances that uttered by Jake Sully in the
film entitled “Avatar”. The description covers the context and act
classification to determine the function of the utterances as its pragmatic
force.
1. The function of declarative utterances in film entitled “Avatar”.
This research focuses on the pragmatic force of declarative
utterance which arises from the social goal and the illocutionary goal of
an utterance. Shortly, social and illocutionary goal of an utterance is
reflected by the function of speaker uttering the utterance to the
speaker. In this research, declarative utterances are taken from the
manuscript-video mixing of Avatar film. The analysis is focused to the
declarative utterances produced by Jake Sully; the main character of
“Avatar” film. The researcher finds 120 declarative utterances. The 40
of them are analyzed as the data of this research.
Those can be presented on the table 4.41:
Table 4.41 Declarative Utterances’ Function and Illocutionary

Force
No. Function Force Ʃ Data Percentage

1. Suggestion Suggesting 2 5%
2. Decision Appointing 4 10%
3. Report Reporting 4 10%
4. Request Requesting 12 30%
5. Claim Claiming 3 7.5%
6. Thank Thanking 1 2.5%
7. Question Asking 1 2.5%
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8. Complaint Complaining 3 7.5%

9. Apologize Apologizing 2 5%
10. Confirmation Confirming 2 5%
11. Accusation Blaming 1 2.5%
12. Order Ordering 3 7.5%
13. Advice Advising 1 2.5%
14. Verdict Sentencing 1 2.5%
Total 40 100%
2. The illocutionary types of the declarative utterances in film entitled

“Avatar”
Based on the function of the utterances above, it can be classified
into five types of illocutionary. The five types are assertives, directives,
commisives, expressives, and declarations.
Those can be presented in the table 4.42:
Table 4.42 The illocutionary types of Utterances
No. Illocutionary Type Ʃ Data Percentage

1. Assertives 12 30%
2. Directives 19 47.5%
3. Commisives 0 0%
4. Expressives 4 10%
5. Declarations 5 12.5%
Total 40 100%
The 40 forces of declarative utterances are classified into five types;

assertives, directives, commisives, expressives, and declarations. First,
the assertive type includes suggesting, reporting, claiming, and
complaining. Second, the directives type includes requesting, asking,
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confirming, ordering, and advising. Then the expressives type includes
98
thanking, apologizing, and blaming. And the last, the declarations type
includes appointing and sentencing.
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perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.

Each utterance is analyzed in a datum, and it‟s marked by the number of

The pragmatic force of the utterance “It‟s all over, Quaritch”

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

Table 4.1 shows that Quaritch responds Jake‟s statement by

2) Participants : Quaritch and Jake

The pragmatic force of the utterance “Kinda hoped you‟d say

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

Quaritch runs to attack Jake as the response of Jake‟s

The pragmatic force of the utterance “There is no green there”

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

The mother tree doesn‟t respond Jake‟s statement because it is

7) Norms : implicitly means that so many human

The pragmatic force of the utterance “They‟re gonna come like

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

The pragmatic force of the utterance “A great evil is upon us”

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

Table 4.5 shows that all clans listen carefully to Jake‟s

The pragmatic force of the utterance “That‟s right! You are

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

The banshee stops struggling after Jake utters his statement.

3) Ends : Grace doesn‟t disturb Jake on his video log

The pragmatic force of the utterance “Excuse me; this is my

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

Grace doesn‟t respond Jake‟s statement by words; she is just

The pragmatic force of the utterance “I need some rack” is

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

Grace responds Jake‟s statement; she wants Jake to make his

The pragmatic force of the utterance “It‟s not something you

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

10. Datum 10/ 170

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

11. Datum 11/ 167

The pragmatic force of the utterance “My cup is empty, trust

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

12. Datum 12/ 161

7) Norms : explicitly means that Jake is so ignorant, so

The pragmatic force of the utterance “If I‟m so ignorant,

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

Jake runs to follow Neytiri while stating that if he is so

13. Datum 13/ 159

The pragmatic force of the utterance “I would be screwed if

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

Table 4.13 shows that Jake is safe because of Neytiri.

14. Datum 14/ 157

The pragmatic force of the utterance “I don‟t have all

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

Jake states that he is not afraid of night animal. Jake is

15. Datum 15/ 152

The pragmatic force of the utterance “It‟s already pissed off”

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

16. Datum 16/ 152

The pragmatic force of the utterance “That‟s what I‟m talkin‟

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

17. Datum 17/ 144

The pragmatic force of the utterance “I figured, just another

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

Jake states Pandora is just another hellhole. Based on the table

18. Datum 18/ 143

The pragmatic force of the utterance “You guys‟re packing

Declarative Sentence Function/ Expected Hearer’s

19. Datum 19/ 142

The pragmatic force of the utterance “That‟s kinda freaky” is