NAME:A.

DEDEEPYA
REGISTRATION NO:21BCE9017
ECE 1002-FEEE
LAB-1 INTRODUCTORY LAB
CIRCUIT-1:

Explanation of the circuit-1:

Vs is the voltage of the given A.C source whose amplitude is
5V and frequency is 500 Hz.
D1 diode is connected in forward biased condition whereas
D2 diode is connected in reverse biased condition.
R=1k,R1=1.5k and R2=0.5k are Resistances as connected
above,
There is a dc voltage source of 1 V
Output Variables: Va is node voltage at a
Vb is node voltage at b

Results:
GRAPH-1:

1) When frequency is 500 Hz and amplitude is 5V and

time(t) is taken on x-axis, Node voltages va and vb on
y-axis, the graph is resulted like above.
2) Also, the amplitude is high for va than vb
3) Frequency is 1/time period =1/0.002=500Hz
4) Amplitude of va is 5V
5) Amplitude of vb is3.5V
Modification-1:
When frequency of the AC Voltage is changed from
500 Hz to 1000Hz and amplitude is changed from 5V
to 10V:
The graph is like below:
GRAPH-2:

Explanation of GRAPH-2 when compared to GRAPH-1:

1) The amplitude of both va and vb increased but va>vb

2) Also, the oscillations increased to two times when
frequency is increased from 500Hz to 1000Hz.
3) Amplitude of va is increased from 5 to 10V
4) Amplitude of vb is increased from 3.5V to 6.8V
 Modification-2:
Sub-Modification-1:
When DC voltage is changed from 1V to 4V with
frequency and amplitude of Vs kept constant,the graph
is like below:
GRAPH-3:

Explanation of GRAPH-3 when compared to GRAPH-1:

It can be clearly concluded that when dc voltage is increased
from 1V to 4V, there is no much difference in amplitude as in
above graph when compared to graph-1.
Sub-Modification-2:
When DC Voltage is again changed to 6V from 4V,the
amplitudes of both va and vb are equal as in below graph :
GRAPH-4:
CIRCUIT-2:

Explanation of the circuit-2:

This is a series RC circuit with R=1ohm,C=5.3m connected to
Vs which is AC Voltage with frequency 50Hz and amplitude
1V
Output Variables:
va is node voltage at a
vb is node voltage at b
i1=i1 of R
Results:
GRAPH-1:

1)When frequency of Vs is 50Hz and amplitude is 1V, time(t)

is taken on x-axis, Node voltages va and vb, i1 on y-axis, the
graph is resulted like above.
2)Also ,the amplitude is high for va than vb and i1.
3)Amplitude of va is 1V
4)Amplitude of vb is 0.5V
5)The peak value of current is 0.86A
6)Clearly, with respect to current i1,node voltage vb (which is
simply the voltage of capacitor) is lagging.

Modification-1:
 When frequency of Vs is changed from 50 Hz to
100 Hz and amplitude is changed from 1V to 5V,the
graph is like below:
GRAPH-2:

Explanation of GRAPH-2 when compared to GRAPH-1:

1)It is clearly visible that as frequency and amplitude are
increased,the amplitudes of va and vb are also increased and
the peak value of current also increased.
2)Amplitude of va is increased from 1V to 5V
3)Amplitude of vb is increased from 0.5 to 1.4V
4)Peak value of current is 4.6A

Modification-2:
When R is changed from 1 to 5 with Frequency and
Amplitude of Vs kept constant,then the resulted graph is like
below:
GRAPH-3:

Explanation of GRAPH-3 when compared to GRAPH-1:

It can be clearly concluded that as resistance is increased
from 1 to 5, amplitude of vb is decreased and peak value of
current is also decreased
1)The amplitude of va is constant i.e 1V
2)The amplitude of vb is decreased from 0.5 to 0.1V
3)The peak value of current is decreased from 0.86A to 0.2A
4)When resistance is still increased,at one instance, vb and i1
will coincide and become a straight line parallel to x-axis,like
below:
GRAPH-4:

This is the graph when resistance is 300ohms with frequency

and amplitude of Vs kept constant.

CIRCUIT-3:
Explanation of the circuit-3:
This is a series RL circuit with R=3ohm,L=1.6m connected to
Vs which is AC Voltage with frequency 50Hz and amplitude
1V
Output Varaibles:
va is node voltage at node a left to resistor
vb is node voltage at node b right to resistor
i1=i1 of L
Results:
GRAPH-1:
1)When frequency of Vs is 50Hz and amplitude is 1V,time(t)
is taken on x-axis,Node voltages va and vb,i1 on y-axis,the
graph is resulted like above.
2)Also,the amplitude is high for va than vb and i1
3)Amplitude of va is 1V
4)Amplitude of vb is 0.15V
5)The peak value of current is 0.33A
6)Clearly,with respect to current i1,node voltage vb(which is
simply the voltage of inductor) is leading.
Modification-1:
When frequency of Vs is changed from 50Hz to 150Hz and
amplitude is changed from 1V to 10V,the graph is like below:
GRAPH-2:
Explanation of GRAPH-2 when compared to GRAPH-1:
1)It is clearly visible that as frequency and amplitude are
increased,the amplitudes of va and vb are also increased but
the peak value of current decreased
2)Amplitude of va is increased from 1V to 5V
3)Amplitude of vb is increased from 0.15V to 4.5V
4)Peak value of current is decreased from 0.33A to 0.29A
Modification-2:
When L is changed from 1.6m to 5m with resistance,
frequency and amplitude of Vs kept constant,then the
resulted graph is like below:
GRAPH-3:
Explanation of GRAPH-3 when compared to GRAPH-1:
It can be clearly concluded that as inductance is increased
from1.6m to 5m ,amplitude of vb is increased and peak value
of current is slightly decreased
1)The amplitude of va is constant I.e 1V
2)The amplitude of vb is increased from 0.15V to 0.48V
3)The peak value of current is slightly decreased from 0.33A
to 0.3A