LAB 5 differentiator and integrator OP-AMP circuits

Objectives
1. To understand the application of an OP-AMP as differentiator and integrator circuit.
2. To understand and design op-amp differentiator and integrator circuits.

Materials used

No Item name Specification

1 IC 741
2 Resistor 1kΩ,3.3KΩ
3 DC power supply Adjustable(15V &-15V)
4 Capacitor 1µf
5 Connecting Wires Standard
6 Triangular wave voltage 2-3Vpp @100-200 Hz
7 Square wave voltage 1-2v,Vmax @100-200 Hz

Theory:

A differentiating circuit produces an output voltage which is proportional to the rate of change
of the input voltage. RC circuits in combination with op-amps can be used to design an analog
differentiator. The input and output signals can be related by the equation

−Rf ∗C∗dVin
Vo=
dt

An integrating circuit is one which produces an output that is directly proportional to the area
under the input wave shape at every instant. The placement of the capacitor and resistor in
integrators are exactly opposite in to that of differentiator circuits. The input and output signals
can be related by the equation

dVo −Vin
=
dt RC
Procedures
5.1 differentiator ckt.
1. The circuit in the circuit schematics part diagram 1 was constructed using the above

materials.

2. A triangular wave voltage was connected to Vin port of diagram 1 the amplitude and
frequency of this voltage to be different values ;and the result obtained was observed
and recorded in table 1 of experimental data part. Also the wave shape is shown in
graph part.
3. Step two was repeated for the feedback resistor=3.3kΩ.

5.2 integrator ckt.

1. The circuit in the circuit schematics part diagram 2 was constructed using the above

materials.

2. A square wave voltage was connected to Vin port of diagram 2 the amplitude and
frequency of this voltage to be different values ;and the result obtained was observed
and recorded in table2 of experimental data part. Also the wave shape is shown in graph
part.
3. Step two was repeated for the resistor value of3.3kΩ.

Circuit Schematics:
Experimental data
Input signal Output signal
For Rf=1k For Rf=3.3k
amplitude Frequency Amplitude frequency amplitude frequency
2Vpp 100Hz 680mv 97.8Hz 1.96v 100Hz
2Vpp 200Hz 1.96v 199.6Hz 3.4v 198Hz
3Vpp 200Hz 3.08v 200.4Hz 5.04v 199.8Hz

Table 1 differentiator ckt.

Input signal Output signal

For R=1k For R=3.3k
amplitude Frequency Amplitude frequency amplitude frequency
1V 100Hz 1v 100Hz 1.96v 100Hz
2V 200Hz 2.4v 200Hz 3.4v 198Hz
2V 200Hz 4.6v 200Hz 5.04v 199.8Hz

Table 2 integrator ckt.

Analysis

5.1 differentiator ckt.

 As can be seen from the table 1 the amplitude of the output voltage increases as the frequency
of input voltage increases and as Rf increases. This are due to
 For differentiator ckt the input and output signals can be related by the equation

−Rf ∗C∗dVin
Vo= so as Rf increases amplitude of Vout also increases
dt

dVin
 is the slope of the input voltage : as frequency increases the slope the signal
dt
increases this implies Vout increases as frequency increases.

5.2 integrator ckt.

 From table 2 one can see that as R increases amplitude of the output voltage decreases;
as Vin increases Vout also increases due to

dVo −Vin
The relation =
dt RC
Conclusion

From the data obtained and discussions made so far, it can be deduced that:

Differentiator circuit produces an output voltage which is proportional to the rate of change of
the input voltage. Which is dependent on the values of feedback resistor ,capacitor and slope of
input voltage.

An integrating circuit is one which produces an output that is directly proportional to the area
under the input wave shape at every instant. This is dependent on the input voltage,
capacitance of the capacitor and resistance of the resistor.