Elucdechumi stu

8 s s the aelalien setuein ConduEtivity and molasa

Lnawss
Conduui viky a 8ouhon
Cms A m=KV
C

whee Am -
molas. Conduhvihy
K - Conduwhvity

C-Concentaahion Cmol | L)
V- Nolume of 8ouhon Containinq Ona mole q 3olute
2 Denuct the gowanu Cll in whih he eocien
Zncs) +
Rg
(oa)
fuamea indicate whar
Zn (ag) tHa cs) takes
a the
rlaue.
th cll. t a t he Cansien inside
insida and ourside
Ourside
wociien ar each
elutsole
Ons The cal is
derictedl as

Zn Zoq) Pgan)Aa
and
Agt koame the Souion a the caraias
ot Cuwaunt wiin the cal eluctaons outside the Cal.
At Omode
Zm (9) Zn (aa) + e
At Camode
Agt+ae a Aa c
3 Th Austarue
B0lutin Conduivity
a
Cll Containing oO oolM
ool M KCI
293K 150o n What 3 Coul Constant
h Conduuivity o o.ooI M KCI S0uion
O. 146
at 298 k. s
x
10 s cm
Ons Conduuivity K =O.1u x
3

Resisiane R 500 -n,

Cell Congtan C RK
50oSx o.146 x 10 s Cm
= 5 x O 146

O 219 Cm
 What is mean imiing motas condutiviny?
ans 9t s he mola
conduuhvity of a 8ouhon a t inginite
dtien o Zene Cononnalien
5 Jwo hal cll uaciens s an elutnecemital cull ane
iven
MmOy Caa) t8H 5e An aa)
Mn (oa) 4Hj (t)
E =1 5V
ut
(aa On (ag tae E O.15 V
Consruct the uclor uacliens eualien hom he 2 Pag
c a taochions and raudict
call this uacien (Onous
oAmalien O ALacrants 0 ntoduits Shown ih u equahion.
Ons: MnO +8H +5e >Ma** +U H,O (R)
S S 2e
Redo uahon
aMnOy 5 Sn*+
+6H aMa *+5 Sn+8 H,0 C
Thus uaclinaOusotmalien et feoduts.
1 36 v
ECel S 1 O 15 -
=

E cl tv 0 4 s -ve)

s h e u a o n Omong the call Constant, the

uidane O the S0tion ai the call and the Condutivity
o t h 30uhion. Hou t ha Conduuhivity ol a 8olunon
Aared to ib mola Conduuivih

A
K - Conduwhviu - Ceu Conatant
A
R R esistamue

A K whn Am mola Conduuivit

CConConraation
 vem thar th 8staodand ellctode motentials (EDot mulals
KIK = -

93V Ag|Ag = o 8oV

C Cu= 3 4 v,
Ma|Mg =
:37 y
Ca3 lCa =
-0.14 v, Fe Fe -

O44 V
Amang
ange thase matals u an
inauasiq ORdl o fha
Paduing oude.
ond Aglng<Cu"lCu <fe*|fe<CICa< Ma "|Mg< K"lK.
8Calulate he otenial o hall-Cel conoining oO 1olo M
aCa04 as) , O.
2o M C"Ca) andIx io" M H
The haCell azlien (aq)

Ca,0 Con h+14 H'(aa)t 6e >2«3

Ond he
Standasd eltrode 4,0w
E 33v. rotemhal s aiven m
Ons tcul Ecu Oo5 oq LCa 3|
m

cel= 33 v Oo541 oa
G
30)
Co1o) (104)
33 ooo8 x
55. 6o2
= 33
O 5 5
Loa Coo
O.18 V (O1oC1o")"

Log
5S
=
Loa ( o
55 6o J|
 p o s the aulatien mong Coll Contan, Aosi81ane O the
Boution n the call and Condudivity o tha 3ouhon. Hou
molaa Conducivity o a 8oluuion 2elatod to its
Conduuhvity ?
Ons. Cn RK
who CA- Cell Conutan
R- Resistanue ot 8oluion
- Conduuuhvity O Solwhon.
h moaa Condudivity o a 5 M 80uhien e an
elctot found& to be 138.9 S cmmol Caluulate
Conduchividy of us S0uhio9n.
Am oo k
S CmImol
M

A 38.9 S Cmlmol M - I 5

Am M 38.9x 5
oo O
O.0835 SCm
elctical Aasistanue o a Column et o.o5 M NaOH
Boution ot amtur I Cm Qnd lenath 50 Cm 3
5 55 x 103n
Caladate ib esishivity , Condudivity an
.

molas Conduivih
Ons R = > J - RA n = O5 Cm
A
=90 Cm
A 1TA = 3.i4 x (o 5)x(o.5
3. 1y x O 5 O 765 cm"
5- 55 x Iox o 785 81 35 2 m
50
81 13S lo * 2m.
K
OO 4
1135 88 Scm u8 S m

A 0ool 1o0 0x\l48 296 x 10 Sm mol

M OOS
 The Standaad euttodla. rotenial (E) koa Danictl cel
+ V Caluwat 4c° kon th uachion
Zn ()+ Cu(aa Zn Cu cs)
(aa)
Also hindd IF =
96500 Cmol)
Ons
mFEcau
ax 1650o x 1 21 23o o Tmol
1 3k mol
o o51 LogK

Loge m E celu

O o51

O oS9
LogKc 3 288

13 CaMaudate the emF o thu ollowing Cals a 25'C.

Cucs Cu(oMl Ag(1-3M) H
Gr
cs
E Ce
O.46 V, oa 10=Y
Cuns
c
Ecu - O O59a1
og LCua*]
LAg ]
=OUG O O591
Rog O
O O955
Roa (
O46 o0 955 o lo
o u6- (oo295S x 5 O 6 O 146
c O314V
 t a KohlAackh aus Ok nderunddnt miaoen o iens.
why does the Conduciitu o a. 3oion douase uwith
Slion ?
Ons 18s l o 8tades +ha kmuting molaa
Condduuhvih o an
elactsl Can be 8totid os he 3um
thu inolvidua
Cont bwiens o h olien Ond aion
o tha elsuunlt
(Nacl) Na Ac
On ion the Conduuiviy (K) ot th
elutaoyt
dusase as hL
mo: o iens har mik Volume
hh 3ouuien that Ca t
uwAimr decaras.
15 Dekin the
kollouoing wms
damuting mola Conduchivity
Gi) Molaa Conducivity
Ons
ans:() Limiting mola
9t +he molas Conduchivihy o
onduuhivity (Am
eltnslylis at
inri dluion oa whun Concenuaaluon arruoochus Zeas.
(ii) Molaa Conduuiy
9t dukinad os the Conduwran dane to al the
aoduwd y di ssowing Gn mol e a n Lens
8ouien. electrolt n

GCalcuwat A,C koA th uauion

Mg cs) +
Cuaq) >MgCaa)* Cu cs
Civem ceu v F = 6Soo
Cmol
Ons A = - m F Ecau
2x16500 C malx 71V
5 3 0 3o Imol

5 3 0 3o lc JImol.
14 Colulate he eme and AC hor he
ollouwing Cel
Nits N o. o)ng'to-ool M)| ha es
Cven E (n/ni) - O 3sv, E

(ii) ah Conduhvi n ot O mollL 3ounon

30uhon of
OG x ot NaCI A
NaC
1o* SCrm Coluwata
Ond its mola
duaree ot digsociaion (a) conduuivi h
Not 50 1
en
St? mol C
) Cu E 76 5 Scmmoa.
c

Cau
cahode
Lng 1
ceu o 5 V
Eonoda o
8 o
--0 3s)

S O OS

= o5
Oo 5 x
- - 05 - O.118 o.93a v
A -mE Ece
x
q65o o x
o.93 2.
4 8a6 JImol
39 816
-

KT Imol.
(ii) An ooo<
S CmImol
M oo o x o6
* 1o scm
O M
OG 3 cm I mol
duor. o hssouoahon (x) = Am
5 0 + 76 S

o 8 3 13
8
Calcuda Ecel o he follouwi ng iauien a 298 k'
QCacs+3fe (o o M Ca
Co.otMt 3Fe cs
ven Eca O d6I V
Also ind KoaKe.
Ons
LC Ca 3e-xa.
+
Fe +e Fe x 3
2 Ca*+
+6e
3 Fe+ Ge 3 Te.

Eca Ecau Oo59 loa-

Cca3*
OGI Euu - o.
oo48 x
loa (1o°)
O 261
O0o G8 loa Cio*)
ce o
009 8 x a
O28 oG V Eeau
Loae m

OO9Loa Kc.
Ke
ogke GxEceu 6x O 8oC

os 9
oa Kc= 8 5 356.
 4Caladade the
h notenkial o hydaogen eluctaoole in
Contact wim
a 30luunion withpH eual to 1o
Ouns
CH] M

FoRhdogen elctrode H+e > J2 Ha

E(H|H o oS log
m-1
uHa o O59 loq
(o*'o
-
o o9 loq 1o
=-Oo 59x 1o
O 59 V

Caluati the
rotential ko tha
hal cel Containing
O2 M
MaOu , Ixo-4 M H and o4 M M
The
hal Cel uachion
MaOu 8H 5 e > MaT+4H,O
Cau = 5 v
ans
M nCMn
MOu [H]°
Ec Ecu O .
os
Loq CM]
MnOuH]
5 2 - OO.o59
. Loa
O x(1o1)
= 5 O 8x 32 3olo Lo . ndo"h)*
5 - O 3 8 13 Log( x 1o3)

139 V O 3olo t32

3.3olo
 Calculat Ece ot thu kollouing Roachon ar 98 k

2 lauss 3 +
t
Fe (ooIM) *C*
(o.oiM) 3F
3re cs)
c3)
ven Eccu =
O261 V
Ons Anod 2l4 > 2 Ca3* +6e-
Cauthode 3 Fe*+6e
>3 Fe
Ovenall 2Ca +3 Fet. Ila3T3 Fe

CFe]

-Oo51 oa Cca3*]
CFe
E Cl o.oS ogCc1
CFe-]3
O G + o o59
Loa Co o1)
OO1) 3

=O 8o6 V
Jhe cal u w h i h hu tolowing Aeachon Ocuus

Fea s caa) 2Fe Fe (aa) a cs)

has ell
Cel o 36v ar 18 KColcu ati the
8tandaa& Cibbs eneny o the Ca eaurisn

ven F = 1650 C moll

Ans Colhod
a Fe 3f
caa) T e-
2Fe (aq )
Alnode

3)

Ovenall Fe aa)
(aq) I
aa)
Caa)
2 Fe
(aq
2.
- mEce
2 9G50o C
-

mol xo. 36 v
-y55y 8 Imol
=-y5. 548 I< I Imol.
The
ollowing Cuawe is Olstaines whun molaa
Conduchvity (Am) s uotted against t h 8quae Apot
o Concentsaion (Ca) 3quae Aco
to lwo
eluutaolytes A an B
400

C Va mollL) "2 .
(aL) How do yo Occoun ko the inuwane t h e mola
Conluwhvity Oh eluurrolyta A On dhon ?
(b) As 8een khom t h haph, th Nalu o muting
molas
ConduHivity ( Am) o eluoa B
Canot e
otoinud qiaphitoly How Can ths v a l e
olstamd?
ans:a As 8am
hom the taph , electnolyi A is a 8aong
eletaote whuch s Com plerely Àoni Sedl aÒ Souion
WiHh dAluion, the úen aL aa Qpa om each Otfui
Qnd hmu tha molaa
ConduuinBy iruARases
b o dtevmine the Yaue o
muting molaa conduuhvity
6o
boa elwwlyte B, in diauc methw loasel
uron
Kolaausch law ot dndeundent
usel miqaaibn Oes
A
aabNani cu Consists oa
metallui zrc rlak
immese n O. M Zn
lai e{ ad trO o2(NO), Souuien and metalli
M Pb(NO 8olien
S0wien
Caleuate the emf o
the Call Waiti the chemical
eamaien ko the eltaod Aeachions and
t h Cll. uausen
ven C2zmo 16 V EPL+pL -O13V
Ona Anode : Zn s)
Zn +
(aqa1 e
Couhode : Pb
Caq)+e Pb cs)
Cel
upaenrahien cs Zn Zn
| fbCag Pbcs)
Hccosdng to TNenst eauohen
c Eceu -o51 og Czn
CP1
=o13 (-o. a6))
-

o os9
loq o
=O63 -

O oaqS5 Coa 5
= G 63 O o2 55 X o 699 o

o-G 3 O.O oG
 Cadcud at the emf o th kollouing call ar 298 k
CasCoIAte o(o olM) Fe es)
iven:Ec=*O30v)
Onb
2Cacs 3 te (aa) >3Fe cs)t a 3t
(a )

cos 3 0 3 RT
Log Cc]
O 30
oo59
-

log Cio-")
Ecu O*G V

G The
Conduchvity o 1o molL Ocuhc acid o 5°C
A u1 x
10 S cm Calcalab ib
dhssocahien, dea
A kor Ohic aud at 25°C
390 5 cm mol Calcudati Ka (
Ons
sociahion Corutant)
M
o3

A O.Io5
310 5
Am

C Ca
(1-a)
3
x o 105)*.

OO x Ool O 5
I1035x 10 103

5
1 0 35 x 1o
a Soluions o two elutaoltes n and B a diuted.
Th mting molar 5 im es
Conduwvity ol B anauan
whil tha o "A inuuanes 5 t imes WKh oj the
two a
Jung you
Staong eluno&b 2 Jwny
s
Orswa.
you answ
) h yaoduuts elkctolysis ot ag. NaCi au he
the
Sespeunve uaales n
Couthoce Ha
Anol C and not Oa
Explauin
Ons ( Bb a
Staong
A
eluote
Stonq elautolt aluady
issocuiatd into iens
ur m diuuhon inteioni foes a n bventomed
an h
,
ns to
So
move
(moiy of iors
inuane).
h b 3Ligh AnUuane in mola
On diien. Conduivity
(i) On Onode wot 8houwd
qe oxdisedl
,
un
to C r du to Ove voltag 04 eune
C1- 43 Oudsedl i
Ovenpotenuhial
qaukeunu to wati
a8 The dlsewel wsistanu o
o ol M 80uuhon o n
eletolyte lo n An a Cu ot aul conutant
O 88 Cm 9ts molas Condutanu a thi8
Coneniaaton
C R K O 8 8 Cm-
R 1o n
Cn
O 88
O.ooui9 = 1 9 x103-o-Cm

A o o o le =
3
Ox u 9 xIo
B

M S C Imo
 29 AE 5°C t h molaa Condudhnus ar
anpnte duhon
o th 8t3ona eleutolts NaOH, NaCl and BaCl, a
u&x o 16x iO and 2o x
1o mmol
wspeunivel N gato
Sm/mol 2
uns
BalO BaCla naon
O x
o +
xu8 x 1o - axl6 X1O
=
5ux 10
Sm lmol
30
sing
USing th 3tandondl euurode
rotenhals iven
udhct the 9Rachoon
Rsnwun thu
Fe(oa) & (a4) ollooing kosi t
i) Ag cs &Fe3 (as )
Fe3 IFe* 1aV
Ons: (i) Anod
1 =O 5 V
a+ e -
Cahode:2Fe31++e Fe+
Ovenall uaunon
T+2 Fe I +2 Fet
Ec E
Cohoa Eanod = o.
4-O 54 =
O23 V
osiive C u negoh ve Hene thu
Achen eail.
(ii) naT1ng 08ov
Fe3/Fe
Anod Fe Fe +e
Coth od Ag+e
Ovenal Auauhon Fe Fe3" A
 Ec
Ecu Echd, o n o d
Cahads . o n m e An j -ve)

O73 - O 8o
O O3 v

wen
A (ositiveHeue the eauhon

Ha and Fe3 not eanible.

Bur the uauon beruwen fe* andd Agti feanite.
3
31 1 P d i c t h oducts ok elusysó an eaah of the

tollowing
An aquuews S0whien et AgNOa with 8iwe eleutod

ans Anol Aat Ag>Aat+e-)

Cauh ode Ag g e
Pamnuiple ot eleuolyhc hing
(i An aueeWs Solion Ot Agvo3 with planuum
eleuaodes
Oa
Anod O2 Couth ool Ag
(ii) A iu Souhion oH, SOy oith floh'um
elutods
Ons Anod: O
Cahoo: H,
(iv
(v) A
ConCentRadac 3oluhion o H2 SOu wth
elenodes plainum
An od
Corhod. H
(
() An ageows 80uuhon
O CuCl wi H
eleutolas planinwuw
Cns Anoole Cla CauhCahoda.Cm
(vi) An aque ouuhon O WaC
Hnola' el Couh ool Ha.
32 On tha basii ot the
8tandasd elutod
Valuts8tated kon Ocidl Soluuhon, rotenhal
T:4 8pefes ma e sed to ovse ruudt whahe
Fe to Fe3*
Reachon
Tt
T3t Ool
An o T T e
Fe3 e Fe
Ons.
O 77 Colhode: Fee>f*|
nu E,
Kow T;3 han
T4+
Connot oxiise Fe to
EFesrlFe
Fe 3t
3
Conduwnivihy of O o o aui M auhe Qud
Coleudat t h molas 896 x1Os
A 390 5
Conduukivihy ou acwie Oi
ScmImol whar ib dissocichon
A 00ol onat ons ?
K
M 896 x 10 Sun
M O O0 u M
A
= ooo x a 896 a
10 S m 30.16 Scm

3 31C
A m
= O o84
310-5
C
-
C

Ka O o 03ux Co.084)*
Ko
 34
34 Connsidar thu eltochemcal Cel Zn cs) Zn Cu*|
(ay)
Ehas h e uul
rotential o IV, whn Conteninaion
O Z & * iena wniu Stoti the diauwion
ko ot elunons Ond th Chamical
ar t h
Aeachon OCcuuung
peive elonod w hn
a) Hn exteanal opposite
potenal of 8 V aulied
(b)
cb) An exteanal
opposite rotenhal o u V
Ons: (a ) eleutons
aried.
Pew hom Zn to Cu
An od .
Cohod
Zn e
Zn + e
Cu* + e -
(6) eluuhons
low hom tu to Ln
Ancd Cu Cu*+ ae
Cahode Zn*+e Zn
35@) Nite t h Cell eauhon Ond Codoudat t h emf
th
o
following Cell a 98 .
Sn (s)
Sn"co.oou M) \ (oo2 om)"2 (3, I
ven baa)ts)
Ons Sn+ HT Sn + Ha. Cmak)

o S E Cu O -(-o.l)|
CH]
-
OOa95 o o oou)
(O J)
=
O 1u -

0. 0 95 Loallo )
O-I1o 5 V
 ive asens
) On the basú o E Volus, O gas hould lse

benatad ar anode. ru it s Cl gous whush ii

benata he elutnoa aqLOs NaC
ans Du o the
Ovpotenhad| ova voltage O O3
it) Conduwivity ot CHCOOH duases on d uien
Th
mben o ions umu volume
oleaneases
m duuuien .

ii) Mola Condutvi o auh auid inouanes with d lurion.

ans t intuanc dtarse Of dis socicuhlbn Q u h c acid
Cweak eluto
0
(a) to he auionh
COIM)
CoIM
Au° =-436oo a
5°C.
Colcu a the eme the c e
CHT CC1
o{ T
arns 46 n FECcw.
u 3 6o o
- nE
x 6 So o

Cu

LH1
Oo51 los \a
6-O 0 S x-4 O 6+0. I8
O O 344V
3 opec Conduutan o a o l M 80uwhon t
auhc aud ar 9e k áI65 1oy ohm cm'
Th molaa Conduuron at infnite dion (miting
mola
Condutkivi) o H ion nd CH, (o0 ón a
3u9 n m mol Ond qo 9 - " m'mo ep
Calaudat molaa
Conduiviy and ds ga ot
dissoCiah'on .
39 + yO
390 mmol
Apn =
\000 k
M 1o00 x \6SX 1
Ool
=
66.S5 n mmi
Am
'm 39o

= 3 ..

Ka = C
C C = - 8S X10
-

Why does Am Ot HC1 m o han m O( WaC

Ons. 9t yeame H ions howe highn molity than
Na ior, hunton , HCIha highur mol a
Londuau.
38 Coloud a eme ot ha
ollouing ceu a 5°e:
5°C
Felfeo
Co-o0IM) l Co.oIM)a Pt(s C1 ba)

E
(Fet IFe ) "Ou4V
(tH,) =°V
Ons
Fe t
fec + Has)
(aa) +a C3
Nennytequah'on
Ea Ec Oo54 loCFe]

uuv-oo51 Qos C 1o3)

(102)
Ouv-Oo2oS1 0.
o
lo

=Ouuv oos4 oa1o)

O o 5 xI

O 41o 5 V