Organizational Behavior

Answer 1.
Introduction
"Do it yourself" refers to the act of creating, altering, or renovating items with one's own hands
and tools without the aid of experts or skilled specialists (DIY). Since at least 1912, the term "do-
it-yourself" has also been associated with the whole market of house remodelling and
maintenance, owing to the large number of customers who engage in this activity. After being
popularised in the 1950s as a result of "the emergence of a trend among people to assign
domestic improvement and various other slight brew and establishment responsibilities mostly as
a creative-recreative and a value operation," according to the American Sociological Association,
the statement "do it yourself" has become commonly used mostly in regard to different small
design and beginnings tasks as a creative-recreative and a cost-saving activity. Per the written
documents, clients may have been affiliated with the "do it yourself" period that began in 1912.
While we can do everything on our own, we could do it without the support of a trained expert.
We are the ones who are doing it. It might be aimed towards repairing or enhancing anything in
particular. D.I.Y. might very well take various forms, including music, crafts, and fashion, to
name a few examples. A wide variety of sports may be played with the help of do-it-yourself
approaches. Making things by hand is a fantastic way to acquire additional knowledge and get
valuable life experience.

Concept and Application:

"D.I.Y." is an excellent cultural response to the rise of academic and economic specialisation in
the present technology culture, putting people with only a "little awareness place as a forum for
holistic involvement positioning D.I.Y." in contact. With regard to self-responsibility projects,
D.I.Y. is the culturally acceptable method for finishing them. As an alternative to hiring
specialists, anyone can offer a wide variety of jobs on Craigslist for free. Instagram and
YouTube are great places to find DIY tutorials that can be replicated in your home. In the 1970s,
D.I.Y. gained notoriety thanks to the influence of punk rock.

D.I.Y. is a well-known trend in the fashion world. D.I.Y. techniques in the fashion, make-up,
clothing, jewellery, and so on industries may also emerge in the art and design network because
they generate new ideas and share them via social media. Watchful learning can be utilised to
accomplish this. Observational learning is the process of gaining knowledge through copying the
actions and emotions of another person. By considering the following instances, observational
learning can be improved:

If an organism decides to analyse or display any certain behaviour from a particular version,
attention interest must be given. If they're drowsy, busy, or unwell, it's impossible for them to
comprehend what they're seeing and copy it. In addition, the version's characteristics affect how
the spectator perceives it. Humans, according to Bandura and others, are drawn to the most
appealing, visible, and lucrative trends. Young individuals may be inspired to follow in the
footsteps of criminals after seeing them earn recognition and fortune.

Retention

Behavior must be able to recollect what was observed when conducting observational study.
Reproducing it is a possible outcome if they are not able to store it in their long-term memory. At
this point, understanding how to save data is essential.

For the sake of their own mental and physical health, men and women must mimic and learn
from others' behaviours. It is not uncommon for professional basketball players to be joined by
college players, for example. As long as the elder player or the small youngster keeps trying to
slam the ball in, it makes no difference to him how many times he tries to slam it in.

Motivation

Observational learning is the most important type of motivational research. A lack of motivation
is to blame for a person or animal's inability to accurately imitate a specific behaviour. People's
propensity to imitate is influenced by a variety of circumstances, according to Bandura. In most
cases, these characteristics aren't only due to one's appearance; they can be the product of
anything. A person should be adequately rewarded for following in the footsteps of a role model.
Rewards and punishment have an impact on motivation in this situation.

It may be difficult to learn about Bandura's states from non-public sources because of their
complexity.
Conclusion

Several studies have shown that modelling may be effective in the treatment of a broad variety of
medical conditions. Long before the advent of cognitive behavioural therapy, therapists relied on
a number of models to aid patients in conquering their worries. Those who are listening in will
be given advice on how to de-stress in a variety of different scenarios. Once the figure emerges
from the closet, you won't be able to take your gaze away from the photograph. The blue tit is
one of the most well-known examples of a little European bird, and it may be found all over the
globe, including in the United States and Canada. Additionally, this strategy is heavily reliant on
observational learning to a significant degree. It is via observation of their parents' treatment of
them that children learn how to treat others. Psychologist Albert Bandura is alluded to as an
expert in the statement, according to the document. When their parents are folding their
children's clothes, the clothes belonging to the child will be absorbed by the child.

Answer 2.
Introduction
The phrase "control of outcomes" refers to a behavioral idea originally conceived by Edward
Thorndike in 1898. But there is also an S-R relationship between instrumental responses and the
surrounding stimuli present, the S-R association is completely liable for instrumental responses
in the first position, as Thorndike explains forth In the case that the behaviour happens again, the
consequences is heightened. An favorable post-effect enhances the initial degree of interest that
was roused.

Concept and Application

There are a range of management solutions that may be employed in the workplace to enhance
learning for people who prefer a behavioural approach. There are four broad classifications to
consider:

Positive feedback is really crucial.

Rewarding a person who is doing the intended activity with high-quality reinforcement provides
an individual who is doing the desired action with exciting outcomes. The best reinstimuli,
according to Skinner, are those that enhance the possibility of an operant response. As an
example, bosses reward their staff when they do well in a certain circumstance. This reward-for-
behavior loop may motivate the assistant to be more punctual in the future in order to get
additional points.. In order to effectively promote successful repeat of desired behaviour, certain
requirements must be met. As an abbreviation, "Dbehaviourehavior" is "Dbehaviourehavior". It's
up to management, not the employee, to bring this to their notice, thus it should be done. B.F.
Skinner is a defining figure of this time. In addition to high-quality reinforcement, there may be
substandard reinforcement.

Learning through Consequence

In order to encourage people to respond positively and operate successfully, removing barriers is
essential. "Negative reinforcement" may be used to teach youngsters to do certain actions. When
a stimulus reacts to inadequate reinforcement, negative characteristics of a situation are erased.
As a result of its four-term nature, the system lacks support. Other than termination or removal,
this might suggest a delay or decrease in the amount of time invested.

Avoidance Certain circumstances must be avoided as part of the learning process.

The second approach to reinforce a structure is by destructive reinforcement. Knowing someone

is the opposite of adopting the appropriate behaviour so that you may escape an unwanted
situation. The employee must continue to fulfil his responsibilities in order to maintain the status
quo. The following are a few new ways to train employees how to avoid getting into sticky
situations.

Extinction

Theory of extinguishing the desire to participate in hazardous behaviour is called extinction.

Lateness at work, even if the employee is unaware of it, has the potential to harm the company's
goals.

Punishment

Managers typically punish their subordinates after this. This is the effect of unwelcome
behaviour. In order to avoid a repeat of this unfavourable consequence, the employee may
choose to avoid being late in the future. Behaviour modification strategies sometimes include
punishment, which is contentious and difficult to implement. Getting individuals to stop doing
risky things is the basic goal of punishment.

Conclusion

When looking at behavioural trading from the viewpoint of a company's management team, it
becomes clear that there are management challenges. The importance of considering the value
system, organisational culture, emotional intelligence, and activity layout as causative factors
when it comes to affecting human behaviour cannot be overstated. The ideal business culture
may be utilised to develop the personality of a person who works there. All of the necessary
components must be in place in order for the company to provide acceptable service to its
workers' requirements. It is the goal of behavioural transformation theories to explain why and
how people change their behaviour. Therefore, only a small number of students today are able to
discern between evolutionary theories and behavioural styles; instead, each behavioural idea is
associated with a distinct principle or interpretation that emphasises a range of aspects in an
effort to explain the behaviour. Since the release of Ajzen in 1985, the concept of reasoned
action has gained in popularity. It is possible that a number of favourable reinforcements are
readily accessible.

Answer 3a.
Introduction
According to Bloomberg, Tech Mahindra Ltd. is the most valued company in India as of January
21, 2020. The firm is a supplier of consulting, digital transformation, and business reengineering
services and solutions, among other things. It also stated that Bloomberg has recognised the
company's achievements in the areas of diversity and inclusion. In a report published by
Bloomberg 2020, Tech Mahindra is named as one of the top three Indian firms in terms of
gender equality. It is examined in light of Tech Mahindra's financial success as well as its
commitment to promoting gender equality. Transparency, policy creation, and depiction are used
to accomplish this.
Concept and Application

The Gender Equality Index (GEI) is used to measure gender equality in Europe and its member
states (GEI). It was developed by the European Commission and its member countries to serve as
a benchmark for future advancement. Score at least 100 points in the Index to be eligible for a
point. The Index was released in two iterations: one in 2013 and the other in 2015. Since its
inception in 2013, the first edition has been available. The book's second edition was published
in 2015, and it's available for purchase now. It is the primary goal of this EU law to promote
more evidence-based and better-informed decision-making at all stages of the selection process,
from recruiting on down. For a society's level of gender equality, the Index may be used to
measure its progress. All of the violence and overlapping injustices in the middle index satellite
classes contribute to the overall structure and operation of the system. The importance of this
cannot be overstated.

Technology services and consultancy business Mahindra's Tech Mahindra is a part of India's
Mahindra group. Tech Mahindra, headquartered in Pune, is one of India's top five information
technology businesses and ranks 47th on the 2019 Fortune India 500.

The pro-women brand and inclusive history of a firm may have an impact on equal pay and
gender parity at work. The survey also measures pay equality and equal pay for men and women.
Therefore, they charge more than they would otherwise for the ability to tell apart like from like.
All their colleagues at Tech Mahindra are entitled to the same possibilities. It's one of the
company's key aims to establish a workplace that is "purposefully numerous" in terms of people's
talents and cognitions, as well as their age, gender, and country of origin. Tech Mahindra's
dedication to a culture of inclusion and empowerment has resulted in a variety of products. As an
early industry adopter of diversity and inclusion, Mahindra has created a technology strategy and
platform that is open to everyone (I&D). The Gender Equality Index from Tech Mahindra may
be used in a number of ways, including the following: For the same amount of effort, both men
and women are paid equally.

Egality in the workplace should be a top goal for everyone, regardless of gender or political
affiliation. Establishing or enforcing tough rules against sexual assault is essential.

While interacting with characters, it is important to respect their individuality.

Conclusion

It has been included on the list for 2021 by Bloomberg Tech because it has achieved or above a
global standard established by the firm in order to replicate extreme openness. The Bloomberg
Gender Equality Index (GEI) offers information on the overall gender equality performance of
the sector's big companies to managers and purchasers of the sector's major companies. This
year's index has 380 companies with a combined market valuation of $14 trillion, which are
located in 44 different countries and regions throughout the world.

Answer 3b.
Introduction
It is possible to come up with even more spectacular, original, and revolutionary ideas when you
employ a variety of tools. Innovative ideas are often discovered when people from various
backgrounds are encouraged to think in unconventional ways. When new concepts and new
groupings are introduced, the firms are given the chance to voice their views on them. The
philosophy of control in this situation is expressed in a variety of ways.

Concept and Application

The way a person sees a certain sector is influenced by their cultural background." It's possible
that the team's principal purpose is to equip workers with a wide variety of innovative
approaches to their work and the environment. It is common for a global corporation to have a
big number of personnel dispersed throughout a vast geographic area as it expands its operations.
A company's ability to communicate effectively in a foreign language and with locals may have
a substantial impact on international business. The development of more complex marketing
methods and resources, as well as an understanding of the local market, may help increase cross-
cultural communication. An example is a well-translated website or a brochure.

In addition to industry expertise and skills, it is also vital to consider creativity and layout. Make
sure you have a broad range of individuals to choose from when it comes to finding the ideal
employees for your firm. As a result of being treated with respect and appreciation, long-term
employees are more inclined to stay on board. In terms of bringing individuals and teams from
different parts of the firm together, geo-cultural cooperation is an excellent option. For
companies, access to a wide variety of information is helpful, especially when it's not always
possible to hire locally. Having the flexibility to change may also lead to a wider range of skills
and abilities, which will improve the company's competitiveness. Making, amending, and
implementing plans are all made possible by the capacity to be flexible. It's possible that a team's
morale will be boosted if they're stretched in an interesting way. As a whole, acquiring new
personnel may help the company by increasing the diversity of its workforce. Humour may be a
powerful tool for dealing with some of the most heinous concepts.

Conclusion

As a first step toward genuine growth, it is essential to recognise and overcome one's own
prejudices and biases. It is also feasible to exercise influence on preferences via the
establishment of work opportunities and training for future endeavours that provide advice on
what to do next, among other means. In order to guarantee that all workers experience the same
risks as one another, the control system should ensure that all employees face the same hazards
as one another. In order to have a better understanding of what is going on behind the scenes,
organisations may encourage their workers to share their thoughts and opinions.