Fire Safety Strategy Report

Jabal Omar Development Project

Zone S9 (Phase 4)

Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia

9 March 2015

Aon FPE No. 2814037-000

Submitted by:

Aon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation

Al Reem Tower, Al Maktoum Street, Suite 704 | Dubai, UAE
t +9714.228.2841 |f +9714.228.2965
www.aonfpe.com

Prepared for:

Jabal Omar Development Company (Client)

P.O. Box 56968, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Mr. Abdul Rahman Kader Fakieh
Chairman of the Board
 7.8 Foam-Water Spray System 26
Table of Contents 7.9 Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems 26
7.10 Water Mist Fire Protection System 26
1. Introduction and Project Description 1 7.11 Fire Extinguishers 26
1.1 Purpose of This Report 1
1.2 General Description of the Jabal Omar Project 1 8. Fire Alarm/Emergency Communication Systems 26
1.3 General Description of Zone S9 1 8.1 Fire Alarm Strategy 27
1.3.1 Zone S9 Uses 2 8.2 Initiating Devices 28
1.3.2 Zone S9 Height 2 8.3 Occupant Notification 30
1.3.3 Zone S9 Floor Plate Sizes 2 8.4 Interlocks with Other Systems 30
1.3.4 Zone S9 Civil Defense Access 2
1.4 Vertical Distribution of Uses in Zone S9 3 9. Smoke Control Systems 31
2. Applicable Codes and Standards 4 9.1 Smoke Control Strategy and Design Concept 31
9.2 Passive Smoke Control System 33
2.1 General Comments Regarding Codes and Standards 4 9.3 Active Smoke Control Systems Strategy 34
2.2 The GCC Codes and Standards 4 9.4 Smokeproof Enclosure Requirements 34
2.3 NFPA Codes and Standards 4 9.4.2 Smokeproof Pressurization Method 34
2.4 Other Codes and Standards 4 9.4.3 Smokeproof Pressurization Equipment Requirements 35
9.4.4 Smoke-proof Pressurization Power Requirements 35
3. Hazard Classifications 5 9.4.5 Smokeproof Door Requirements 35
3.1 Use and Risk Requirements of the GCC Code 5 9.4.6 Smokeproof Pressurization Calculations 35
3.2 Use and Risk Requirements of NFPA Codes and Standards 5 9.5 Elevator Pressurization 35
3.3 Special Uses and Risks 6 9.5.1 Elevator Hoistway Smokeproof Requirements 35
9.5.2 Core Passenger Elevator Design Concept 35
4. Height and Area Limitations 12 9.6 Firefighters Elevator and Elevator Lobby Design Concept 36
4.1 Height and Area Limits of the GCC Fire Code 12 9.6.1 Computational Modeling Scenarios 36
4.2 Height and Area Limits of the NFPA Codes 13 9.7 Zoned Smoke Control System (Corridor Exhaust) 36
9.7.1 Zoned-Smoke Control Design Concept 36
5. Construction Classification & Fire Resistance Ratings 13 9.8 Parking Garage Ventilation 36
9.8.1 Car Park Ventilation Standards 37
5.1 Building Height Calculations and Classifications 13
9.8.2 Car Park Smoke Removal Design Criteria 37
5.2 Structural Fire Resistance 13
9.9 Quality Assurance for Smoke Control Systems 37
5.3 Multiple Types of Construction with Separated Occupancies 15
5.4 Exposure Protection – Exterior Walls and Exterior Wall Openings 16 10. Civil Defense Access 37
5.5 Opening Protection in Fire Resistance Rated Construction 17
5.6 Interior Construction 18 10.1 Civil Defense Road Access 37
10.2 Fire Command Center (FCC) 38
6. Means of Egress 18
11. Other Emergency Systems 38
6.1 Occupant Load Factors 18
6.2 Size of Means of Egress 18 11.1 Standby Power System 38
6.3 Required Number and Locations of Exits 20 11.2 Passenger and Firefighter’s Elevators 39
6.4 Egress Components 20 12. Conclusion 39
6.5 Horizontal Exits 22
6.6
6.7
Exit Access Travel Distance, Common Path of Travel
Exit Discharge
22
23 Appendix
6.8 Exit Signage 23
6.9 Emergency Lighting 24 Appendix A – General Sequence of Operations (Fire Alarm) A
6.10 Emergency Plans 24 Appendix B – Elevator Recall Levels B
Appendix C – Stair Exit Discharge Diagrams C
7. Fire Protection/Suppression Systems 24 Appendix D – Firefighting Riser Diagrams (For Reference Only) D
Appendix E – Buried Fuel Tank Location (Ground Level) E
7.1 Overall Site Fire Protection Infrastructure 24
7.2 Water Tanks for Zone S9 (Including Towers SR3, SR7A and SR7B) 24
7.3 Fire Pump Systems 24 Exhibit
7.4 Civil Defense Hydrants and Connection Points 25
7.5 Automatic Sprinkler Systems (Podium and Towers) 25 Exhibit 1 – Smoke Control System Basis of Design Report
7.6 Standpipe System 25 Exhibit 2 – Carpark Smoke Exhaust CDF Report
7.7 Clean Agent Suppression Systems 26

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 buildings. The master plan concept for JOD is intended to provide a clear separation of vehicular and pilgrim
1. Introduction and Project Description traffic flow. Five pedestrian “radial spines” pass through the Jabal Omar development to the Haram and the new
King Abdul Aziz Boulevard (radial spine1) leading the majority of pilgrims from Jeddah into the city, directly
1.1 Purpose of This Report through the site.

Aon Fire Protection Engineering (Aon FPE) has been retained by Jabal Omar Development Company to prepare
this Fire Strategy Report for Zone S9 of the Jabal Omar Development (JOD). The involvement of Aon FPE is to
provide a fire and life safety review of the project to qualify the design to Civil Defense requirements and
applicable codes. This report is intended to be reviewed for formal approval by Civil Defense.
The goal of this report is strategic in nature. It presents a Fire Safety Strategy as design advice based on the
minimum prescriptive code requirements to stakeholders, the design development team, and Civil Defense. In
addition, this report is intended to act as a supporting document to assist Civil Defense in granting an approval for
Phase 4, S9 of the Jabal Omar Development Project. Current design documents will need to be further developed
in order to comply with the applicable codes and Fire Safety Strategy.
The primary objective of the fire and life safety design is to provide an environment for occupants that is
reasonably safe from fire; both through protection and improvement of survivability of all occupants, whether they
are or are not intimate with the initial development of a fire. An additional objective is to provide life safety during
emergencies, which can be mitigated using methods comparable to those used in case of fire. A third objective is
to provide for reasonably safe crowd movement, and where required, reasonably safe non-emergency crowd
management.
Detailed design drawings, contractor submittals required to be approved by Civil Defense, and implementation will
be provided under separate contract. Once approved, this Fire Safety Report will be included in the reference
documents applicable to the development. Fire and life safety systems for the entire development will be
coordinated, with the systems between all buildings (podiums and towers) being specified for compatibility,
particularly the fire command centers. In addition, the emergency plan (including evacuation and response) will
be required to be coordinated by the project stakeholders with Civil Defense. This will be developed under a
separate project contract.
Buildings within the JOD are composed of two major elements, which are podiums and towers. There are 17
podiums, and a total of 39 towers located above the podium levels. Various podiums cover the entire plot and
“embrace” the site topography to generate public spaces and private courtyards. The podiums accommodate
public facilities such as retail, mall, service, hotel lobbies and restaurants, as well as private prayer areas and
parking. Towers are mainly used as hotels, as well as for permanent and temporary residence. The podiums are
designated as N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6A, N6B, N6C, S1, S2, S3/S4, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10&S11, for a total of 17
podiums. The JOD also contains an Infrastructure Zone that consists of internal vehicle roads, pedestrian routes,
tunnels, utility and service buildings and technical galleries that serve the podiums/towers.
1.3 General Description of Zone S9
Zone S9 is an irregular shaped parcel of land. The north and east edge is a large curve, formed by Road B. On
the opposite side of Road B is Zone S1, and beyond it is Al-Haram. The southern edge is a straight line formed
by Pedestrian Spine 4.The west edge is generally a straight line with an indentation in it formed at Roundabout #1.
That location is also one of the main entrances to the building. West of the Roundabout #1 is Road C, and north
of Roundabout #1 is Mussallah Piazza, so named because of the large and important Mussallah located on the
north side of the Piazza (on Zone N4), directly opposite of Zone S9. The easy access to the Mussallah provides
Zone S9 with a significant convenience. That proximity also impacts the general configuration of S9, as it is
divided internally by an open air corridor that serves as a passage from Zone S10 to through Zone S9 and then to
Musallah Piazza. This occurs at the Commercial 2 Floor level of Zone S9, where an open-air volume of this
passage divides the upper three floors of the podium of S9 (namely Commercial 2, 3, and 4).

The scope of the report is for Zone S9 contains 3 residential (hotel) high-rise towers (known as SR7A, SR7B, and
SR3) which are located above the five-level Zone S9 podium. In addition to the five levels above, grade, the
podium has three levels of basements. The hotel operator for S9 will be Sofitel.

It is important to note that the scope of this report is only for those times of the year when the activities at Jabal
Omar and Makkah do not include large numbers of people who are on pilgrimage. During such special times,
special provisions for crowd management will be necessary to prevent Zones S9 from becoming overcrowded to a
point that they have not been designed to accommodate. This includes consideration both of limiting the
maximum occupant loads within the building (particularly the retail areas); and of the gathering of people around
the perimeter of the building. In this later condition, consideration needs to be given to constantly maintaining the
immediate and unobstructed access of Civil Defense, fire services, and other emergency responders to the Zone
S9 building, including access to life safety systems (such as fire hydrants, Siamese connections, stairwells, fire
service access elevators, the fire command center, and fire pumps). Evaluation of such special conditions
requires participation of the various stakeholders in the project, and their cooperation with Civil Defense to
develop and implement the appropriate plans and procedures.

1.2 General Description of the Jabal Omar Project

JOD occupies 23 hectares on the West Hill of Makkah, facing the Haram El Sherif and its pedestrian piazza in the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The overall development area is bound to the north and east by Oum al Koura and Al- DIAGRAM 1.3: Site Plan of Zone S9
Khalil Road, respectively. The southern and, in part, western boundaries follow the property lines of existing

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1.3.1 Zone S9 Uses
The building on Zone S9 consists of three hotel towers which are on top of an 8-level podium. Five of the podium
levels are above grade and the other three levels are below grade. The uses within the towers are primarily hotel
guestrooms, while the podium contains multiple uses on the various levels, including commercial (retail), both
public and back-of-the-house areas of the hotel; parking, and storage.
The general uses of the podium, starting at the lowest level, are as follows: Basement Level 3 is the lowest level,
and contains a series of water storage tanks and their associated pump rooms; hotel storage areas, and
automobile parking facilities. Basement Level 2 includes the upper areas of the water tanks; hotel storage, and
additional automobile parking. There is also a limited amount of Commercial shops, which line an underground
corridor that connects under Road B, to Zone S2. Basement Level 1 has back-of-the-house facilities including
various technical rooms, the primary kitchen area of the hotel, loading dock and associated facilities; hotel
laundry, linen and uniforms areas; staff locker and changing rooms; and hotel storage areas.
The Ground Floor Level contains the hotel lobby, which has major entries from both the east and the south sides.
In addition to the hotel back-of-the-house office areas; there is a cafeteria, some multi-purpose meeting rooms,
some commercial facilities, and the fire command center also located on this level. A five-story atrium connects
the Ground Floor Level up to the Commercial 4 Level, which is highest level of the podium.
The Commercial 1 Floor is occupied primarily by dining facilities, mechanical equipment rooms, and a limited
assortment of other uses, including some smaller commercial facilities, a fitness room, offices of the hotel
manager, and offices of the guard manager. In addition to the central atrium, this level also has a two-story
opening with a communicating stairs which opens to the lobby level below.
Commercial 2 Floor is the lowest level of a 3-story outdoor corridor (crest line) that essentially divides the top
three floors of the podium into two halves; and features escalators that provide vertical connection between those
levels. This level is predominately commercial use consisting of numerous retail shops, with a limited amount of
mechanical rooms. The Commercial 3 Floor is also predominately similar commercial uses and a limited amount
of mechanical rooms; but also contains about 500 square meters of Administrative Offices.
Commercial 4 Floor is the uppermost level of the podium, and also consists primarily of Commercial spaces. It
also includes a more than 200 square meters of space of high hazardous use that contains emergency generators
and the fuel storage tanks required to operate them.
The Lower Technical Floor includes the roof of the two halves of the podium, and the first floors of the towers
above the podium. There are no public functions on the roof areas, and all three of the towers contain mechanical
equipment rooms at this level. The numbering system for all three towers identifies the guestroom floors by
st
number, with the 1st Floor being the first floor immediately above the Lower Technical Floor. The 1 Floor is
st
therefore the second level of the tower. From the main hotel entry level at the Ground Floor, the 1 Floor of each
of the three towers is six levels above the Ground Floor (Ground Floor; plus 4 levels of Commercial; plus one
Technical Floor = 6 levels).
Each of the three towers have a total of 22 levels above the podium roof, plus 2 levels of elevator machine room
penthouses on the very top of each tower. In addition to the Lower Technical Room Floor, and the 19 Floors of
Guestrooms, there is a First Upper Technical Room Floor (that contains approximately 210 square meters of
second level guestroom space that has the primary entrance on the 19th Floor), and a Second Upper Technical
Room Floor. These technical floors contain both mechanical equipment and two-story water storage tanks. As
previously noted, there is a two-story elevator machine room penthouse on the very top of each of the three
towers. Each of these is approximately 150 square meters in area.
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
1.3.2 Zone S9 Height
As previously noted, five of the eight levels of the podium of Zone S9 are above grade, so the total height of the
towers in Zone S9, including the podium levels is 27 floors for all three towers (not including the elevator machine
room penthouses). It should be noted that the uppermost basement is actually above the level of the ground, but
measurement of above grade in this example is taken from the top of the raised roadway system which complete
encircles the project. However the lowest level of Civil Defense access is from the Basement 1 Level, which is
approximately 5 meters below the raised roadway construction.
The lower grade around the base of the podium varies from a high of about +317.9, down to +316.7 along road C.
Road B wraps around the building in a broad curve that could essentially be considered two sides of the building,
and descends in height from about +317 where it intersects with Road A, down to about +315.3 where it meets the
right-of-way for Pedestrian Spine 4.
The main roof of the podium is at +339.55, resulting in the podium height ranging from about 20 to 22 meters, with
an average height of approximately 21 meters, which is the “grade plane” as defined in NFPA 5000, and is used in
some (but not all) calculation requirements in NFPA. The top of the highest main roof of all three towers is at
approximately elevation +423.8. Therefore, the height of towers above the podium is (423.8 – 339.55 =) 84.25
meters. The total height of the towers above the grade plane is approximately (84.25 + 21 =) 105.25 meters.
The height of towers from the lowest level of Civil Defense access is approximately (105 + 5 =) 110 meters. The
elevation of the highest occupied floor of all the towers is the guestroom located on the 1st Upper Mechanical
Floor, which is at +413.65. Therefore the height of the highest occupied floor above the top of the podium is (413
- 316 =) 97 meters. Because of the height of the building, it is classified as a high-rise building per GCC and NFPA
requirements.
1.3.3 Zone S9 Floor Plate Sizes
The typical floor plates for Towers SR3, SR7A and SR7B are essentially the same shape, size (approximately 865
square meters), and orientation. Each tower is served by a common corridor with access to two exit stairs. There
are six passenger elevators, divided with three each in the two hoistways. In addition, each tower has a
designated fire service access elevator which shares a designated fire service access elevator lobby with a
service elevator. Refer to the fire strategy drawings for floor plan details.
The tower floors are numbered in the drawings starting with the lowest tower floor numbered as the Lower
Technical Floor, and the next 19 floors (which are guestroom floors) are number Floors 1 to 19 inclusive. The top
st nd
two floors are the 1 Upper Technical and the 2 Upper Technical Floors. That numbering system of the tower
floors is maintained within this report.
The gross building area of the podium levels of Zone S9 is approximately 7,000 square meters in area; but the
net areas vary significantly. The net areas varying from about 4,960 to about 5,750 square meters for the five
lower podium levels; and from about 3,515 to about 3,870 for the three upper podium levels (that are divided by
the external corridor (crest line). The gross building area of the podium levels for Zone S9 varies significantly by
level. Sections through the podiums and the towers are indicated at the end of Section 1.4 of this report, for
reference purposes.
1.3.4 Zone S9 Civil Defense Access
Civil Defense access to Zone S9 is provided on 70% of the building podium perimeter. This includes the entire
length adjacent to Road A and Road B. There is limited Civil Defense access along the side adjacent to
Pedestrian Spine 4.
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Direct access to the Fire Command Center and the Lobby for the Fire Service Access Elevator for Tower SR3 is
available from the Ground Level of Road A. That Elevator Lobby and those of the other two towers are also
available from the main lobby of the hotel. The hotel lobby is easily accessible from both sides of the building
(Road A and Road C). More detailed information regarding Civil Defense access is contained in Chapter 10.

1.4 Vertical Distribution of Uses in Zone S9

The vertical distribution of uses in each of the towers and both the podium is as follows:

1.4.1 Towers SR3, SR7A, and SR7B

As previously noted, the Lower Mechanical Floor is the first level above the podium that follows the “footprint” of
the towers, and not the footprint of the Podium.

The levels of this tower, from the top down, are as follows:

Penthouse Roof (+431) Highest Roof

Not Numbered: Elevator Machine Room
Not Numbered: Elevator Machine Room
Second Upper Technical Floor Technical Floor
First Upper Technical Floor Technical Floor and limited second floor of guestrooms below
Floors 1 through 19 inclusive Hotel Guestroom Floors
Lower Technical Floor (+339.55) Mechanical Rooms and Roof of Podium

1.4.2 Podium for Zone S9

The Podium for Zone S9 is divided into two areas. There are five above grade levels which contain many public
functions, including those of the hotel as well as a significant amount of restaurants and shops. There are the
three below-grade levels which primarily contain hotel back-of-the-house areas; parking, and water storage tanks
for the entire building. The functions on each of the podium levels, from the top down, are as follows:

(Elevation +339.95)
Commercial-4 (+333.65)
Commercial-3 (+329.45)
Commercial-2 (+325.25)
Commercial-1 (+320.65)
Ground Floor (+316.00)
Basement-1 (+311.00)
Basement-2 (+307.80)
Basement-1 (+304.60)
Lower Technical Floor: This is the main roof of podium (as well as being the Lower
Technical Floor at all three towers
Commercial Floor 4: Divided by open air corridor (crest line), with mercantile (retail
shops) and mechanical on both sides. Emergency generators on the east side. Open
atrium from Ground Floor
Commercial Floor 3: Divided by open air corridor (crest line), with mercantile (retail
shops) and mechanical on both sides. Open atrium from Ground Floor at east side of
the building.
Commercial Floor 2: Divided by open air corridor (crest line), with mercantile (retail
shops) and mechanical on both sides. Open atrium from Ground Floor at east side of
the building.
Commercial Floor 1: Assembly (restaurants). Open atrium from Ground Floor, and
two-story opening with communicating stair from Ground Floor below.
Main Entrance to hotel portion of the building, including the hotel lobby [Entry from
Road B, on the east side.] DIAGRAM 1.4: (Section B-B) Vertical Distribution Of Uses In Jabal Omar for Zone S9
Basement-1 Floor: Hotel back-of-the-house, including hotel kitchens, laundry, staff
lockers and changing areas, loading docks, storage, mechanical and transformers.
Basement-2 Floor: Parking, limited commercial area (adjacent to Pedestrian Spine 4),
mechanical, upper portion of two story water storage tanks, and pump rooms for water
systems.
Basement-1 Floor: Parking, storage areas, and the lower portion of two story water
storage tanks.

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2. Applicable Codes and Standards
2.1 General Comments Regarding Codes and Standards
The following reference codes and standards including, but not limited to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and
the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) will be utilized to achieve an acceptable level of fire and life safety
for Zone S9 of the JOD site. It should be noted that due to the unique nature of this development, the referenced
design and installation standards may not specifically address the prescriptive requirement in the context of the
design codes. Due to this consideration, in combination with areas of conflict between code documents, Aon FPE
will identify these conditions and apply a best practice approach to the fire strategy requirement based on the fire
hazard and applicable code intent. Certain fire strategy approaches outlined in this report should be reviewed in
greater detail with Civil Defense before implementation. The Site Infrastructure and Utilities Master Plan - Fire
Strategy Report, dated 26 March 2013, which was approved by Civil Defense, should be reviewed by the design
team and contractors as it relates to the utility services being provided to the building for fire/life safety systems,
as well as Civil Defense access and external firefighting requirements.
2.2 The GCC Codes and Standards
GCC Fire Code; including the Part-1 Edition 2003, Part-2 Edition 2006, and GCC Fire Code addendum to Part-1
issued in 2009 are the initial codes required for compliance with for fire protection and life safety design of JOD.
In addition the GCC Fire Code references other GCC standards and requirements, include, but are not
necessarily limited to, the following:
 Basis and Requirements for Testing and Examining Steam Boilers and Hot Water Boilers [in GCC Fire Code,
Chapter 4, Section 4]
 Electrical Lifts for People and Goods” GCC Standards Specification [GCC Fire Code, Chapter 4, Sections 6
and 9]
 Artificial Electrical Lighting, Electrical Conduit: Specifications of the Ministry of Electricity [GCC Fire Code,
Chapter 3, Section 6; and Chapter 4, Section 2]
2.3 NFPA Codes and Standards
NFPA codes and standards are essentially a supplement to the GCC Fire Codes adopted by the Makkah Civil
Defense and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The NPFA codes and standards are applied where they are found to
provide more detailed requirements than are available within the GCC Fire Code. The following is a list of NFPA
codes that are or may be used for the implementation of the Fire Safety Strategy Plan. NFPA 5000 and NFPA
101 are two of the most significant documents for this project. Because of the date of original commencement of
this project, the 2009 editions of NFPA 5000 and NFPA 101 are utilized as the basis for the evaluation.
Consequently the various other NFPA standards referenced by those two documents are editions from that year
and the years immediately prior to 2009. However, with proper review and coordination, it can be acceptable to
use the more recent editions, if properly applied with the context of other applicable aspects of other applicable
codes and standards:
 NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code, 2009 Edition
 NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2009 Edition
 NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code, 2009 Edition
 NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2010 Edition
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
 NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2010 Edition
 NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, 2010 Edition
 NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, 2010 Edition
 NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, 2008 Edition
 NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2009 Edition
 NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbine
 NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2008 Edition
 NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2010 Edition
 NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives, 2010 Edition
 NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, 2009 Edition
 NFPA 90B, Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems, 2009 Edition
 NFPA 92A, Standard for Smoke Control Systems Utilizing Barriers and Pressure Differences, 2009 Edition
 NFPA 92B, Standard for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, and Large Spaces, 2009 Edition
 NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2010 Edition
 NFPA 111, Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2007 Edition
 NFPA 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting, 2009 Edition
 NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, 2009 Edition
 NFPA 418, Standard for Heliports, 2006 Edition
 NFPA 2001, Standard on Clean Agent Extinguishing Systems, 2009 Edition
 NFPA 88A: Standard for Parking Structures, 2011 Edition
 NFPA 105, Standard for the Installation of Smoke Door Assemblies and Other Opening Protectives, 2007
Edition.
 NFPA 252, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies, 2008 Edition
2.4 Other Codes and Standards
The list of referenced codes and standards is not intended to exclude the use of British Standards (BS), European
Standards (EN) and other international standards for design of active fire protection and life safety systems if the
reference design standard is widely used in Saudi Arabia, has gained acceptance by the Statutory Authorities, and
complements the active and passive fire and life design methodology established by the applicable building codes
and standards. Such codes and standards might include the following, as noted:
 British Building Regulations, Approved Document B, 2006 Edition (Reference Document Only)
 British Building Regulations, Approved Document F, 2010 Edition (Reference Document Only)
 BS 7346-7:2006 Edition, Components For Smoke And Heat Control Systems. Code of Practice On Functional
Recommendations And Calculation Methods For Smoke And Heat Control Systems For Covered Car Parks.
(Reference Document Only)
 BS EN 12101-3:2002, Smoke and Heat Control Systems. Specification for Powered Smoke And Heat Exhaust
Ventilators. (Reference Document Only)
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3. Hazard Classifications
3.1 Use and Risk Requirements of the GCC Code
3.1.1 General Requirements
The GCC Code classifies buildings according to their use, and according to the risk of their material content. The
use requirements are contained in Section 1-2 in GCC Fire Code Part-1, and for this project include several types.
The hotel is classified as “Residential”; the retail areas of the podium, including any areas used for offices, are
regulated by the requirements for “Commercial Buildings and Public Markets”; and the parking garage is regulated
by the requirements for “Warehouse Buildings and Parking”. The GCC Code contains a separate chapter for each
of those major uses. In addition, the GCC Fire Code Part-1 identifies in section 1-2/1/1/8 that high rise buildings
are buildings with a special nature, but it does not have a separate chapter for them.
The GCC Code assigns a “Fire Risk Classification” to each use, of “Slight Risk”, “Medium Risk” or “High Risk”,
and regulates the separation between the various levels of risk. Further discussion of the Fire Risk Classifications
appears below in this report.
3.1.2 Uses, Categories, and Risks
Residential Buildings are divided into two major types, of which only one applies to this project; which is
“Communal Residential Buildings” [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Chapter 8]. It includes both apartments and hotels.
Within this type there are three additional categories. Only Category C applies to this project. It includes hotels,
apartments or similar residential uses. Category C Residential Buildings are classified as having a Fire Risk of
“Slight Risk” per the GCC Code.
Commercial Buildings and Public Markets are divided into two categories, both of which apply to this project.
Category A includes commercial shops used to serve the public (which would include the various retail shops
within this project); and Category B includes “…buildings or parts of buildings occupied by not more than 50 users
at the time and used for office purposes…” (which would include any such office facilities within the project). The
Fire Risk Classification for both Category A and Category B is “Medium Risk” [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Chapter 9].
Warehouse and Parking uses are divided into three categories. Of the three categories, only Category B for
“…buildings with closed sides for car parking…” applies to this project. Car parking facilities are classified as
“Medium Risk”. [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 11-9/2].
Assembly buildings are divided into three categories. Category A is building with an occupant content of more
than 1,000 people; Category B, 300 to 1,000 people; and Category C, 50 to 300 people.
The GCC Code requires independent escape ways for all uses contained within the Zone S9 project. It requires
that for commercial buildings which contain both Category A and Category B, are designated “mixed use” and
classified as “Medium Risk”, and each use must be separated so that each forms an independent fire
compartment with independent escape ways [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 9-4]. The separation of the uses
and the requirement to provide independent escape ways (which would include both corridors and exit stairs) are
both important requirements, and are further noted within this report in the sections related to egress.
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
3.2 Use and Risk Requirements of NFPA Codes and Standards
3.2.1 General Requirements
The NFPA 5000 Code and the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code classify buildings by occupancy, hazard of contents,
and special operations. In addition, it contains requirements for multiple occupancy buildings. The hotel is
classified as “Residential”; the retail areas of the podium, where merchandise is displayed and sold, are classified
as “Mercantile”; the office areas, where business other than mercantile is transacted, are classified as “Business”;
and the garage is classified as “Storage”. In addition, NFPA classifies as an “Assembly Occupancy” areas used
for a gathering of 50 or more persons for deliberation, worship, eating, or similar uses.
NFPA also provides specific requirements for “Multiple Occupancy” buildings, which are those in which two or
more classes of occupancy exist. Multiple Occupancies can be either a “Mixed Occupancy” where the
occupancies are intermingled; or a “Separated Occupancy” where the occupancies are separated by fire
resistance-rated assemblies.
In a Mixed Occupancy building, the means of egress facilities, type of construction, protection, and other
safeguards in the building are required to comply with the most restrictive fire and life safety requirements of the
occupancies involved. In addition, the most restrictive applicable, high rise building provisions and fire protection
system requirements apply to all portions of the building.
In a Separated Occupancy building, occupancy separation is required to be vertical and horizontal to provide
complete separation between occupancy divisions in the building. Where the occupancy separation is horizontal,
structural members supporting the separation are required to be protected by an equivalent fire resistive
construction.
In addition, NFPA 5000 classifies the hazards of the contents into three classifications, which are Low Hazard,
Ordinary Hazard, and High Hazard. High Hazard is further classified into five Levels. NFPA 5000 does not assign
a classification of hazard to new occupancies; but does require the design professional to identify and classify the
hazard of the building contents, based on the requirements of the code [NFPA 5000, Section 6.3].
Where exit access from one occupancy traverses another occupancy, the multiple occupancy is treated as a
mixed occupancy. Incidental uses within mercantile, business or storage use can be permitted to be considered a
part of the predominant occupancy. NFPA does not specify a percentage of floor area to define an incidental use
area.
3.2.2 Uses, Categories and Risks
Residential Occupancies are further divided into apartments and hotel. Residential buildings are classified as
having a Low Hazard classification per NFPA.
Mercantile Occupancies are further divided within the NFPA codes into three classes. Class A are mercantile
occupancies having an aggregate gross area of more than 2,800 square meters, or occupying more than three
floors for sales purposes. Class B are mercantile occupancies between 280 to 2,800 square meters of aggregate
gross area and not occupying more than three stories for sales purposes; or not more than 280 square meters
gross area and occupying two or three stories for sales purposes. Class C are all mercantile occupancies of not
more than 280 square meters gross area used for sales purposes occupy one story. Mercantile buildings are
classified as having an Ordinary Hazard classification.
Storage Occupancies include requirements for parking garages, which are classified as being enclosed, open or
open not less than 50% on all sides. The Zone S9 garage is classified as an enclosed garage and is classified as
having an Ordinary Hazard classification.
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Assembly Occupancies include requirements with assembly areas with three options of contents: 1) with seating,
2) with seating and tables, and 3) with no seating (and no tables). Assembly buildings are classified as having a
Low Hazard classification.

Accessibility Requirements: Each of the occupancies in NFPA 5000 requires compliance with accessibility
requirements of Chapter 11 of NFPA 5000.
Separation of Occupancies: Under NFPA, all of these areas are required to have a minimum of a 2-hour rated
separation, with a few exceptions. No separation is required between any of the three sizes of Assembly
occupancies; only 1-hour is required between Assembly areas with less than 300 occupants, and Business
Occupancy; and 3-hours are required between an Assembly Occupancy with more than 1,000 occupants and a
Storage Occupancy (such as the garage). NFPA permits a reduction of 1-hour in the ratings for buildings
equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system [NFPA 6.1.14.4.3].

TABLE 3-2: Summary of Hazard Classifications

[Chapters 5, 8, 9, 10, and 11 in GCC Fire Code and Chapter 6 of NFPA 5000 and NFPA 101]

GCC Risk Classification

Uses
(NFPA Hazard Classification)

Slight Risk Residential (hotels and apartments), assembly (gathering/mosque/prayer

(Low Hazard) areas) and Business/Offices

Car parking garage, commercial, mercantile (retail shops) assembly

Medium Risk
(restaurants service areas/kitchens), and Technical/Mechanical rooms,
(Ordinary Hazard) DIAGRAM 3.3.1.a S9-Escalator key plan
(excluding items identified in “High Risk” below)

High Risk
Emergency generator fuel storage and EPS Rooms
(High Hazard)

3.3 Special Uses and Risks

Within the Zone S9 project, there are several areas which have special use and risk. The applicable codes and
standards require special attention to provide the appropriate level of fire and life safety. NFPA 5000 and NFPA
101 allow incidental uses that are part of the primary occupancy to be considered part of the main occupancy, and
when there is no risk, no additional fire separations are required. However, where incidental or accessory spaces
are of a higher hazard then additional fire-resistive separation is required. The following special uses are within
this project, and their requirements are summarized as follows:

3.3.1 Sprinkler Protection at Vertical Openings, including Openings for Escalators

The Podium of S9 will have escalators connecting three and two stories that open from the commercial level 2 up
to Commercial 4 Floor Refer to Diagram 3.3.1.a for location of escalators.

DIAGRAM 3.3.1.b S9-Typical Section view for Escalator “a”

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DIAGRAM 3.3.1.c S9- section view for Escalator “b” &”C”
GCC Requirements for Openings for Escalators: The GCC requirements state that each escalator has to be
individually studied by Civil Defense. It further notes that when installing escalators, consideration must be given
to prevent the spread of smoke through the openings of the escalators. [GCC Code: Chapter 4, section 5].
NFPA Requirements for Openings for Escalators: Escalators are not required to be enclosed if they are within
large open areas such as an atrium and enclosed shopping malls. In buildings protected throughout with an
approved automatic sprinkler system, escalator openings shall be protected in accordance with a method detailed
in NFPA 13, or in accordance with a method approved by the authority having jurisdiction. [NFPA 5000, Section
8.12.5.2].
NFPA 13 does not require closely spaced sprinklers and draft stops around large openings (such as atrium
buildings) where all adjoining levels and spaces are protected by automatic sprinklers in accordance with NFPA
13, and where the openings have all horizontal dimensions between opposite edges of 6 meters or greater and an
area of 93 square meters or greater [NFPA 13, 8.15.4.4].
If those criteria are not met at escalators, stairs or similar floor openings are unenclosed and where sprinkler
protection is serving as the alternative to enclosure of the vertical opening, the floor openings involved must be
protected by closely spaced sprinklers in combination with draft stops.
The draft stops are required to be located immediately adjacent to the opening; be at least 457mm deep; and be
of non-combustible or limited-combustible material that will stay in place before and during sprinkler operation.
The sprinklers are required to be spaced not more than 1800mm apart and be 152mm to 305mm from the draft
stop on the side away from the opening [NFPA 13, 8.15.4]. Refer to Diagram 3.3.2 for draft stop and sprinkler
example.
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
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DIAGRAM 3.3.2 Draft Stop and Sprinkler around Escalator Opening
3.3.2 Liquid Fuel Storage
3.3.2.1 Daily Fuel Tanks
Brief Description: For the Zone S9 project, the daily fuel storage tanks for the emergency generators have been
located on the southwest side of the highest level of the podium. This is the commercial level 4. They are located
within the Emergency Generator Room on that level, which also contains the emergency generators for the
project. The Emergency Generator Room is to be enclosed with a 4-hour fire rated construction. It should be
noted that this level of the podium is essentially 5 levels above grade plane.
It is essential that in addition to the walls enclosing the room have that fire rating, that the fire rating of the ceiling
also be confirmed to provide a 4-hour fire rating. This includes confirmation of any pipe or other penetrations
through the walls and ceilings of those rooms; including air intake and exhaust shafts connecting these rooms with
the exterior or elsewhere within the building. Since there are no known doors that have been tested in
accordance with the applicable regulations to have a 4-hour fire rating, it will be essential to provide a properly
designed vestibule at the entry to each of these rooms which has 4-hour walls and has doors which are rated a
minimum of 90-minute.
GCC Code Requirements
Section 4-8 of the GCC Fire Code Part-1 contains requirements for liquid fuel storage as follows:
 Liquid fuel should be kept in special rooms which have a fire rating of not less than 4 hours, including 4-hour
rated doors.
 Ventilation both at the upper and the lower levels of the room.
 A curb is to be built at the door, Adequate in height for the walls to act like a tank to contain 10% of the stored
liquid.
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The GCC Code expresses preference for, but does not require, that fuel storage tanks be placed underground.
However, the local AHJ requires the fuel tanks to be buried and located outside the building.
NFPA Requirements
NFPA limits the amount of hazardous material permitted within a given occupancy based on Maximum Allowable
Quantities (MAQ) or based on a specific protection schemes (Protection Level 1 through 5). The protection levels
are based on the type hazard and contain specific requirements depending on the hazard levels.
The MAQ concept relies on a concept of control areas, while the protection level relies on a comprehensive
protection and does not limit the amount of hazardous material that can be stored within a given occupancy.
Specific requirements for liquid fuels for emergency generators are provided in NFPA 37, Standard for the
Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines. NFPA 37, Section 6.3.2.3 limits the
aggregate capacity of all fuel tanks to 5,000 L (1320 gal) unless that portion exceeding 5000 L (1320 gal) is
enclosed in a 3-hr rated room (Section 6.3.6). However, Section 6.3.2.3 allows storage of unlimited fuel if the
engine rooms or mechanical room is designed using recognized engineering practices with suitable fire detection,
fire suppression, and containment means to prevent the spread of fire beyond the room of origin.
Storage of bulk fuel tanks (buried or in vaults) are regulated by NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Code. MAQ or Protection levels of NFPA 5000 Chapter 34 are not applicable.
Zone S9 Fuel Storage Protection
The total amount of fuel exceeds the MAQ subscribed in Table 34.1.3.1 thus, use of control areas will not be
used. Protection will be provided following the Protection Levels reference in NFPA 5000 Section 34.3.
Additional passive protection, including an increased up to 4-hr rated walls and a 4-rated vestibule (with two, 90-
minute rated fire doors) will be provided to separate the emergency generator rooms housing the daily fuel tanks.
Active fire detection and fire suppression, as well as spill containment will be also provided in accordance with
NFPA 37, Section 6.3.2.3. Thus, daily tanks sizes will not be limited to the maximum allowable quantities listed in
NFPA 5000, Chapter 34.
In summary, the protection of the emergency rooms containing the daily fuel tanks will be protected in accordance
with NFPA 5000, Section 34.3.4 (Protection Level 2) and NPFA 37 Chapter 6, NFPA 30, Chapter 21. Review of
all the requirements noted above must be performed by the design team for the emergency generator room
located in S9. The following summary of major requirements is provided as guidance only:
A. Suppression System Requirements – Automatic sprinkler systems need to be provided, water flow alarms
shall be monitored and electronic supervision of supervisory signals shall be provided in the enclosures
containing the fuel storage (NFPA 5000, Section 34.3.2),
B. Separation Requirements – The fuel storage room needs to be separated from the adjacent areas by 2
hours for storage occupancies (NFPA 5000, Table 34.3.2.3).
C. Means of Egress Requirements – In accordance with NFPA 5000, Section 34.3.2.4:
1. The travel distance limit is 30 meters.
2. Egress capacity is 18 mm per person for stairs or 10 mm per person for level components and ramps.
3. Not less than two (2) means of egress shall be provided from each storage room/ enclosure (unless the
area is less than 18.6 square meters, travel distance within the room to entry door is less than 7.6 meters,
and have an occupant load of less than 3 persons).The storage room shall be arranged such that there
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
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are no dead ends in corridors (unless the area is less than 18.6 square meters, travel distance within the
room to entry door is less than 7.6 meters, and has an occupant load of less than 3 persons).
4. Latch or lock hardware shall be permitted in doors only if their occupant load is more than 5.
D. Ventilation Requirements – In accordance with NFPA 5000, Section 34.3.2.5:
1. Mechanical ventilation shall be at a rate of not less than 5.1 liters per sec per square meter. Make up air
shall be provided, and provision shall be made for locating the makeup air openings avoiding the short
circuiting the ventilation. Exhaust ducts shall not extend into plenums.
2. Natural Ventilation shall be provided as an alternate to mechanical exhaust ventilation where natural
ventilation shall be shown as acceptable to the materials being stored.
E. Standby Power Requirements – Standby power shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 70.
F. Spill Control and Secondary Containment – Spill control and secondary containment needs to be provided
for rooms containing fuel storage (NFPA 5000, Section 34.3.2.8).
G. Exterior Wall Requirements – For the room containing the fuel storage, the location shall be such that not
less than 25% of the perimeter wall is an exterior wall (NFPA 5000, Section 34.3.4.2).
H. Minimum Distance to Property Lines or Horizontal Separation – Not less than 9.1 m ((NFPA 5000,
Section 34.3.4.3).
NFPA 37 Requirements (Emergency Generator Fuel Protection):
Fuel tanks dedicated for the generator shall be constructed in accordance with the applicable requirements of
NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code or in accordance with API 620, Design and Construction of
Large Welded Low-pressure Storage Tanks.
Specific requirements for liquid fuels for emergency generators are provided in NFPA 37, Standard for the
Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines. NFPA 37, Section 6.3.2.3 limits the
aggregate capacity of all fuel tanks to 5,000 L (1320 gal) unless that portion exceeding 5,000 L (1,320 gal) is
enclosed in a 3-hr rated room (Section 6.3.6).
However, Section 6.3.2.3 allows storage of unlimited fuel if the engine rooms or mechanical room is designed
using recognized engineering practices with suitable fire detection, fire suppression, and containment means to
prevent the spread of fire beyond the room of origin. Additional requirements included:
A. Rooms containing only fuel tanks shall be constructed of walls, floor, and ceiling having a fire resistance rating
of not less than 3 hours with the walls bonded to the floor (NFPA 37, Section 6.3.6.1).
B. At least 380 mm clearance shall be left around each tank for the purpose of inspection and repair (NFPA 37,
Section 6.3.6.1.2).
C. Each tank room shall be provided with spill containment consisting of either a wall, a curb, or a dike having a
capacity, at least equal to that of the largest tank (NFPA 37, Section 6.3.6.3). Exception: A spill containment
system of lesser capacity equipped with an overflow or drainage system that is adequate in size and location
to convey any spillage of fuel to a tank (inside or outside) or to a safe area outside the structure.
D. Floor openings shall be protected by a ramp or curb of sufficient height to contain the entire contents of the
tank within the walls to the height corresponding to the level of fuel that will be retained (NFPA 37, Section
6.3.6.4).
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E. The curb shall be built to withstand the lateral pressure due to the liquid head, and the walls and floor shall be B. Normal vents shall be sized in accordance with either API Standard 2000, Venting Atmospheric and Low-
liquid tight (NFPA 37, Section 6.3.6.4.1). Exception: Rooms provided with a spill containment system that is Pressure Storage Tanks, or another approved standard. Alternatively, the normal vent shall be at least as
adequate in size and location to convey any spillage of a fuel to a tank (inside or outside) or to a safe area large as the largest filling or withdrawal connection, but in no case shall it be less than 32 mm nominal inside
outside the room. diameter (NFPA 30, Section21.4.3.3).

F. Ventilation for tank rooms shall be sufficient to maintain the concentration of vapors within the room at or C. Atmospheric storage tanks shall be vented to prevent the development of vacuum or pressure above the 1.0
below 25 percent of the LFL of the fuel used (NFPA 37, Section 6.3.6.5.1). psi (6.9 KPa) maximum operating pressure (NFPA 30, Section21.4.3.4).

G. Liquid fuel supply systems, including drains from carburetors, shall be designed and installed to minimize, as
far as practicable, the accidental discharge of fuel into the engine room or structure (NFPA 37, Section 6.5.1)
H. Alarms, float-controlled valves, or mechanical or remote-reading level gauges or protected sight glass gauges
shall be installed to aid personnel in properly operating the fuel system (NFPA 37, Section 6.5.2)
3.3.2.2. Buried Bulk Fuel Storage for Zone S09
S09 is served with 3 bulk buried fuel tanks located southeast of zone S09. The capacity of each bulk fuel tank is
15,000 Liters. Refer to Diagram below for location of the buried tanks. Refer to Appendix E for a larger drawing.

I. Stationary-powered fuel pumps supplying fuel tanks shall have “stop” controls sensitive to a tank’s high liquid
level (NFPA 37, Section 6.5.3).

J. Fuel tanks supplied by pumps shall be provided with all of the following (NFPA 37, Section 6.5.4):
 An overflow line
 A high-level alarm
 A high-level automatic shutoff

K. The overflow line shall be continuous piping, without valves or traps, back to the source tank or to a collection
system (NFPA 37, Section 6.5.4.1).

L. The capacity of the overflow line shall exceed the delivery capacity of the supply lines to the fuel tank (NFPA
37, Section 6.5.4.2).

M. Overflows, vents, fuel piping, and fuel tanks shall not be located at or near engine air intake, exhaust piping,
mufflers, or filters where the potential exists to over pressurize the fuel system piping (NFPA 37, Section
6.5.5).

N. Relief piping shall be routed, without valves or traps, back to the source tank or to a collection system (NFPA
37, Section 6.5.6.1).

O. Piping for fuel tanks other than engine-mounted tanks shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 of NFPA 30,
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (NFPA 37, Section 6.6.3).

P. The fill pipe shall terminate outside the building at a point at least 600 mm from any building opening at the
same or lower level (NFPA 37, Section 6.6.3.1). DIAGRAM 3.3.2.2 Buried Fuel Tanks

Q. Vent piping shall be installed in accordance with Chapter 27 of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Bulk buried shall be installed and design in accordance with NFPA 30, Chapter 23.
Code and it shall terminate outside the building at a point at least 600 mm from any building opening at the
same or lower level (NFPA 37, Section 6.7.1.1). Buried Bulk Fuel Storage shall comply with the following:

R. Piping to aboveground supply tanks filled from tank cars or tank vehicles by centrifugal pumps shall be A. All underground tanks shall be listed for underground installation and shall be installed in accordance with the
provided with check valves to prevent backflow (NFPA 37, Section 6.8.4). manufacturer’s instructions (NFPA 30, Section 23.3.2).

Additional requirements from NFPA 30 shall be as follows: B. Underground tanks and their piping shall be protected by either of the following (NFPA 30, Section 23.3.5):

A. Storage tanks shall be vented to prevent the development of vacuum or pressure that can distort the tank or  A properly engineered, installed, and maintained cathodic protection system in accordance with
exceed the rated design pressure of the tank when the tank is filled or emptied or because of atmospheric recognized engineering standards of design
temperature changes. Normal vents shall be located above the maximum normal liquid level (NFPA 30,  Approved or listed corrosion-resistant materials or systems
Section 21.4.3.1).
C. Underground tanks or tanks under buildings shall be located with respect to existing building foundations and
supports so that the loads carried by the foundation are not transmitted to the tank (NFPA 30, Section 23.4.1).

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D. The distance from any part of a tank storing Class II or Class III liquids to the nearest wall of any basement,
pit, or property line shall be not less than 1 ft (0.3 m) (NFPA 30, Section 23.4.3).
E. Bedding and backfill shall be noncorrosive inert material of a type recommended by the tank manufacturer,
such as compacted clean sand or compacted gravel (NFPA 30, Section 23.5.1.1).
F. Underground tanks shall be set on firm foundations and shall be set on the minimum depth of bedding
recommended by the tank manufacturer (NFPA 30, Section 23.5.1.2).
G. Underground tanks shall be covered with one of the following (NFPA 30, Section 23.5.2.1):
 At least 300 mm of backfill, covered with 300 mm of clean earth
 At least 300 mm of compacted backfill, on top of which a slab of reinforced concrete at least 100 mm thick
is placed
H. Maximum burial depth shall be specified by the tank manufacturer and shall be marked on the tank (NFPA 30,
Section 23.5.3.1).
I. Where the tanks are, or are likely to be, subjected to traffic, they shall be protected against damage from
vehicles passing over them by one of the following:
 At least 36 in. (900 mm) of backfill
 At least 18 in. (450 mm) of compacted backfill of a type recommended by the tank manufacturer and at
least 6 in. (150 mm) of reinforced concrete
 At least 18 in. (450 mm) of compacted backfill of a type recommended by the tank manufacturer and at
least 8 in. (200 mm) of asphaltic concrete
J. When asphaltic or reinforced concrete paving is used as part of the protection, it shall extend at least 12 in.
(300 mm) horizontally beyond the outline of the in all directions
K. Tank venting systems shall be provided with sufficient capacity to prevent blowback of vapor or liquid at the fill
opening while the tank is being filled (NFPA 30, Section 23.6.1).
L. Vent piping shall be sized in accordance with Table 23.6.2, but shall not be less than 32 mm nominal inside
diameter (NFPA 30, Section 23.6.2).
M. Connections for all tank openings shall be liquid tight and vapor tight (NFPA 30, Section 23.13.1).
N. Openings for manual gauging, if independent of the fill pipe, shall be provided with a liquid tight and vapor
tight cap or cover. Covers shall be kept closed when not gauging (NFPA 30, Section 23.13.2).
O. If inside a building, each such opening shall be protected against liquid overflow and possible vapor release
by means of a spring-loaded check valve or other approved device (NFPA 30, Section 23.13.2.1).
P. Fill and discharge lines shall enter tanks only through the top (NFPA 30, Section 23.13.3).
Q. Fill lines shall be sloped toward the tank (NFPA 30, Section 23.13.4).
R. Filling, emptying, and vapor recovery connections for Class II liquids that are connected and disconnected
shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of ignition and not less than 1.5 meters
from any building opening or air intake (NFPA 30, Section 23.13.6).
S. Such connections shall be closed and liquid tight and vapor tight when not in use (NFPA 30, Section
23.13.6.1).
T. Such connections shall be identified (NFPA 30, Section 23.13.6.2).
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U. Tank openings provided for purposes of vapor recovery shall be protected against possible vapor release by
means of a spring-loaded check valve or dry-break connection, or other approved device, unless the opening
is pipe-connected to a vapor processing system (NFPA 30, Section 23.13.7).
V. Openings designed for combined fill and vapor recovery shall also be protected against vapor release unless
connection of the liquid delivery line to the fill pipe simultaneously connects the vapor recovery line (NFPA 30,
Section 23.13.7.1).
W. All connections shall be vapor-tight (NFPA 30, Section 23.13.7.2).
3.3.3 Garbage and Recyclables: Rooms for Collection, Storage and Disposal
GCC Code Requirements: Section 4-3 of the GCC Fire Code Part-1 contains requirements for rooms in which
garbage is collected, stored and processed, including any trash chutes utilized in that process. The minimum fire
rating of the enclosure of the garbage room is 4 hours (and is required to include fire resistive doors of the same
rating, with automatic closers). Trash chutes, when utilized, are required to have a minimum of a 2 hour fire
rating, and for large buildings, be equipped with both automatic and manual shutting methods for emergency use,
following the recommendations of Civil Defense. The openings to the trash chutes on the upper floors are
required to close automatically by doors which resist both fire and smoke.
NFPA Requirements: Waste and recyclable storage rooms and waste/ linen chutes requirements are contained in
NFPA 82 Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment” (2009 is the most
recent edition), which indicate in Chapter 8 that waste storage rooms with more than 0.765 cubic meters or more
of un-compacted waste are required to have a minimum of 1 hour fire separation, with doors rated not less than
3/4 hours; and that room is to be provided with automatic sprinklers. The requirements for rooms in which waste
material is being handled or compacted are 2 hour separation with doors rated not less than 1 ½ hours; and the
room be provided with automatic sprinklers.
Waste/linen chute, chute service room, and chute collection room (chute discharge room) are required to comply
with the following:
 Waste/linen chutes are required to be enclosed by walls or partitions, providing 2-hours fire resistance.
 Waste/linen chute service openings are protected by an approved (listed) self-closing door that provides 90-
minute fire resistance.
 Waste/linen chutes are protected by automatic sprinklers within the chute at or above the top service opening
of the chute and at alternate floor levels, with a mandatory sprinkler located at the lowest service level.
 The doors of chutes open only to a service room that is designed and used exclusively for accessing the
chute opening.
 The chute service room is separated from other spaces by 1-hour fire rated wall enclosures and protected by
automatic sprinklers. Openings into such a room shall be protected by 45-minute fire rated doors, provided
with approved self-closing devices.
 The size of the chute service room is required not to be less than that required to maintain a minimum
152.4mm clearance between the intake opening of the chute and the closed service room door.
 The bottom of a waste/linen chute is required to be protected by an approved (listed) automatic closing or self-
closing door of construction that provide 90-minute fire resistance.
 Chute discharge doors are permitted to be held open by a fusible link.
 Waste/linen chutes must discharge directly into a room having a minimum fire resistance rating not less than
that specified for the chute (2-hours fire resistance). Openings into such a room shall be protected by
approved self-closing fire doors having a minimum fire protection rating not less than specified for the chute
(90-minute fire rated doors).
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3.3.4 High Rise Structures
GCC Code Requirements: GCC Fire Code Part-1 identifies in Section 1-2/1/1/8 that high rise buildings are
buildings with a special nature. It does not have a separate chapter for high rise requirements, but it does
distribute requirements for high rise buildings throughout the GCC Fire Code. These include the requirements for
lightning protection for high rise buildings, in accordance with the conditions and specifications of Civil Defense
and the Ministry of Electricity [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 4-2/13]. The GCC Code also requires that for
buildings which are 28 or more meters in height, one or more elevators be reserved to help fire fighters [GCC Fire
Code Part-1, Section 4-6/4]. For Residential Buildings and for Assembly Buildings, the GCC requirements are
more restrictive, and require fire fighter elevators for buildings which are 6 floors or 20 meters in height (whichever
is less) [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Tables 5-4 and 8-4 C].
The GCC Fire Code requires certain high rise buildings to be provided with manual alarms and automatic alarms.
This provision applies to Residential Buildings of both Category A and C when they exceed 30 meters in height;
and to Commercial Buildings of both Category A and B, when they exceed 28 meters in height. In addition, a “wet
standpipe system”, and occupant-use hose network are required for each of those building types when they
exceed the aforementioned heights. Finally, they are also required to be equipped with a standby power system.
[GCC Fire Code Part-1, Tables 9-3A and 8-3 C].
Commercial Buildings are required to provide a horizontal exit for temporary refuge in high rise commercial
buildings on floors and locations which exceed 3,000 square meters. [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 9-6/7/4].
NFPA Requirements: NFPA 5000 defines a high rise as a building that has an occupied floor more than 23
meters above the lowest level of Civil Defense vehicle access. Chapter 33 of NFPA 5000 contains detailed
requirements for high rise buildings. Most significant is the requirement for an Emergency Command Center. The
location, design, content and Civil Defense access of this center is required to be approved by the Civil Defense.
It is to be separated from the remainder of the building by a minimum of 1 hour fire resistive rating; have an area
of not less than 19 square meters (NFPA 5000, 2012), with a minimum dimension of 3.05 meters (NFPA 5000,
2012). Detailed requirements of the minimum contents of the command center are identified in Section 33.3 of
NFPA 5000, and is noted in the section “Fire Command Center, FCC” which appears below in this report.
Acceptance testing of the equipment within the command center is required by the code.
NFPA 5000 also has specific minimum requirements for means of egress doors; detection, alarm and
communication systems; extinguishment requirements; exit stair enclosures; emergency lighting and standby
power; and smoke control. In addition, for buildings over 36.57 meters in height, at least one firefighting lift (first
responders use elevator) is required. NFPA 5000 requires that for mixed occupancy buildings, the most
restrictive, applicable, high rise building provisions and fire protection system requirements shall apply to all
portions of the building [NFPA 5000, Section 6.2.3.4].
3.3.5 Elevator (Lift) Requirements
As noted above, both the GCC Code and NFPA 5000 requires at least one elevator for use by fire fighters. The
GCC Code requirements are similar to the NFPA Code requirements, which also references ANSI Standard
A17.1. Both the GCC Fire Code Part-1 and NFPA require a 2-hour enclosure around the elevator hoist way and
the machine room. The GCC Fire Code Part-1 permits the inclusion of an elevator within a stairwell (NFPA does
not) if it meets the fire protection and prevention requirements. It requires that all elevators must have a lobby
separated from the building by fire resistant walls and doors. The GCC code also requires a sign in the elevator
stating that children below 14 years old are not permitted to use the elevator without the supervision of an adult.
Note: Special requirement from Civil Defense for Phase 4, S09 requires two (2) dedicated firefighter
elevators. Thus, each hotel tower will have two elevators dedicated for Civil Defense Access.
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
3.3.6 Electrical Rooms
NFPA Code: The NFPA Code requires that for assembly occupancies, and for hotel occupancies, any room
containing high pressure boilers, refrigerating machinery, transformers, or other service equipment subject to
possible explosion must not be located directly under, or directly adjacent to exits. In addition, all such rooms are
to be effectively cut off from other parts of the building in accordance with the Special Hazard Protection
requirements Section 8.15 of NFPA 5000. These include, but are not limited to a minimum of a 1 hour fire rated
separation; protection of the area with an automatic extinguishing system.
3.3.7 Fire Pump Rooms
Minimum requirements for fire pump rooms are contained in NFPA Standard 20. The 2010 edition requires all
indoor fire pump rooms for high rise buildings to be protected by 2 hour fire rated construction. The 2010 edition
includes the requirement that fire pump rooms, which are not directly accessible from the outside, shall be
accessible through an enclosed passageway from an enclosed stair or exterior exit; and that the enclosed
passageway shall have a minimum 2 hour fire resistance rating.
3.3.8 Laundry Rooms and Chutes
Laundry rooms and chutes are regulated by NFPA 82 “Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling
Systems and Equipment”, which requires that service opening rooms be separated from all other parts of a
building by a fire resistance rating equal to that of the chute, but not less than 1-hour, with ¾ hour rated doors
when protected by an automatic sprinkler system for gravity systems; and not less than 1-hour with ¾ hour rated
doors for pneumatic systems (with or without sprinkler system protection). Loading doors are required to be rated
a minimum of 1-hour. The collector discharge area is required to be separated from all other parts of the building
by a minimum fire resistance rating of 2-hours, with a minimum of 1½ hour rating on doors and dampers, and the
discharge area is required to be protected by an automatic sprinkler system. More information and details of code
requirements of linen chute and discharge room are provided in section 3.3.4 of this report.
3.3.9 Electrical Equipment and Transformer Rooms
The National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) is referenced by NFPA 5000, including requirements for electrical
equipment and electrical transformer rooms. Typical small electrical closets containing circuit breakers and small
dry transformers (and no other uses or contents) do not require any special fire resistive enclosures if they are
protected with an automatic sprinkler system. If there is no sprinkler system in them, a 2-hour rated enclosure is
required. Dry-Type transformers rated larger than 112-1/2 kVA are required to be installed in a room with a
minimum of a 1-hour fire resistive construction (including a ¾ hour door, with self-closing and latching hardware).
Dry transformers over 35,000 volts must be enclosed in a vault with a 3-hour rating; which can be reduced when
the transformer is protected with a fixed extinguishing system, such as sprinklers, or an approved gaseous agent
extinguishing system. For all electrical spaces, it is important that all penetrations be properly sealed, as noted in
the section of this report about “Penetration Sealing”.
3.3.10 Emergency Equipment and Storage Rooms
the GCC Fire Code, NFPA 101 and NFPA 70 require a higher level of fire-resistive separation for emergency
equipment rooms and other more hazardous accessory building areas, which are summarized as follows:
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TABLE 3-3-10: Fire Resistance Separation 3.3.12 Small Typical Electrical closets in Hotel Towers

Room or Area Fire-resistive Separation (hours) Small typical electrical closet rooms and telephone rooms in the hotel towers will be protected using passive fire
barriers. In accordance with NFPA 13, 2010 Ed, Section 8.15.10.3 ssprinklers are allowed to be omitted in
2-hours; or 1 hour with sprinklers or other approved electrical equipment rooms where all of the following conditions are met:
Transformer rooms
suppression system [NFPA 70]
(1) The room is dedicated to electrical equipment only.
Emergency generator rooms 4-hours [GCC Part 1, Section 8-2]
(2) Only dry-type electrical equipment is used.
Diesel storage tank rooms 4-hours [GCC Part 1, Section 8-4]
(3) Equipment is installed in a 2-hour fire-rated enclosure including protection for penetrations.
Fire pump rooms 2-hours [NFPA 20]
(4) No combustible storage is permitted to be stored in the room.

Electrical closets 1-hour [NFPA 70 – see commentary ] Note: Special requirement from Civil Defense for Phase 4, S09. All penetrations (i.e. ductwork) into the
Electrical Vaults (over 600 Volts, nominal) 3-hours [NFPA 70] electrical rooms will be protected as smoke barrier and will require motorized smoke dampers.

4-hours [GCC Part 1, 4-4] 4. Height and Area Limitations

Boiler rooms
1-hour [NFPA]
4.1 Height and Area Limits of the GCC Fire Code
1-hour at service opening rooms
Housekeeping /laundry rooms
2-hour at collection areas [NFPA 82] 4.1.1 Height Limitations in the GCC Fire Code

Garbage, Trash, and Recycling Service 4-hour garbage chute [ GCC Part 1, Section 4- 3] 1-hour The GCC Fire Code Part-1 has few specific restrictions on height which impact the Zone S9 project. The GCC
Rooms [NFPA 82] Code uses stringent requirements on Area Limitations and Construction Type to provide appropriate levels of life
safety.
4-hours [GCC Part -1, Section 4-3]
Garbage Processing Rooms 4.1.2 Area Limitations in the GCC Fire Code
2-hour [NFPA 82]
The GCC Fire Code Part-1 divides the maximum amount of area of uses into fire compartments. Unlike some
3.3.11 Steam Boilers and Hot Water Boilers building codes, the use of automatic sprinkler systems in a building does not result in any modification (or
increase) in the maximum allowable area.
GCC Code Requirements: GCC Fire Code requirements for the installation of steam boilers and hot water boilers
require compliance with the requirements of GCC Standard Specification “Basis and Requirements for Testing Additional general requirements for fire compartments are 1) each floor is to be considered a separate fire
and Examining Steam Boilers and Hot Water Boilers”, and related conditions from Civil Defense. [GCC Fire Code compartment; 2) each unit area with a use different from that nature (or primary use) of the building is to be
Part-1, Section 4-4]. Boiler rooms are required to be constructed in rooms with a 4 hour fire rating, equipped with considered a separate fire compartment; and 3) vertical shafts such as stairwells and light wells are to be
doors with the same rating and with automatic closing devices. Identification signage is also required to be fixed considered a separate fire compartment.
onto the door. The GCC Fire Code expresses preference (but does not require) for boiler rooms to be located
opposite of the external wall of a building, and when that is not applicable, that consideration should be given to The requirements for fire limits appear both in Chapter 1, and in the individual chapters for specific building types.
locate it in a manner which would minimize the impact in the event of an explosion. It is also preferred (but not The general information is as follows: [GCC Fire Code Part-1: Table 1-3, “Division of Buildings into Fire
required) that the entrance to the boiler room be directly from the outside. The location of that entrance is Compartments”].
required to not create a fire hazard to the main exit way in the building. In addition, natural ventilation is required
Residential Buildings: 3,000 square meters maximum
for boiler rooms, both for the purpose of ventilation and for removal of smoke.
Each housing unit is considered a separate secondary fire compartment
NFPA Requirements: Requirements for boiler rooms are contained in Chapter 8 and each chapter of the various Commercial Shops: 2,000 square meters maximum
occupancy types in NFPA 5000. The minimum requirement is 1 hour separation and protection by automatic Each leased unit is a separate secondary fire compartment
sprinklers. Offices: 3,000 square meters maximum
Each leased unit is a separate secondary fire compartment
Storage (A) Slight Risk: 5,000 square meters, and 1,500 cubic meters maximum
Stores keeping non-combustible products

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Storage (B) Moderate Risk: 3,000 square meters, and 1,000 cubic meters maximum
Stores with generally risky products
Storage (C) High Risk: 1,000 square meters and 500 cubic meters maximum
Car Parking Lots: 5,000 square meters maximum
Assembly 7,000 cubic meters
Although Section 11-9/2 in GCC Fire Code Part-1 indicates that car parking buildings are classified as medium
risk (as shown in Table 1-1 in the Chapter of the General Precautionary Requirements in the Buildings”) that
designation is superseded by the GCC Code requirements for construction types (additional information below)
which require a minimum of 4-hour ratings for columns, beams, roof slabs, interior walls, exterior walls for parking
garages.
4.2 Height and Area Limits of the NFPA Codes
4.2.1 Height Limitations in the NFPA Codes
Height limits within NFPA 5000 appear in Section 7.4, and are impacted by the occupancy, the construction type,
and if the building is provided with an approved, electrically supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance
with NFPA 13.
Since the Zone S9 project is a high rise as defined by NFPA 5000 (more than 23 meters in height from the lowest
level of Civil Defense vehicle access to the height of the highest occupied floor); and since high rise buildings are
required to have an approved sprinkler system; and since it is more than 55 meters in height (the maximum limit
for Type II buildings with approved sprinkler systems) it is required to be Type I construction.
For Type I buildings which have an approved sprinkler system; and which have the various occupancy types
contained in the Zone S9 project; all of the areas are unlimited and the number of floors is unlimited. When such
buildings are not more than 128 meters in height, they are classified as Type I (332). When they are above 128
meters in height, they are classified as Type I (442), Since the Zone S9 project is less than 128 meters in height,
it can be classified as Type I (332).
4.2.2 Area Limitations in the NFPA Code
Like height limits, area limits for NFPA 5000 appear in Section 7.4, and are impacted by the occupancy, the
construction type, and if the building is provided with an approved, electrically supervised automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with NFPA 13. As previously noted for height limits in the NFPA Codes, the Zone S9
building would have unlimited areas for the types of occupancies it contains; and provided that it is a minimum of
Type I (332) construction; and complies with other requirements as noted below.
5. Construction Classification & Fire Resistance Ratings
5.1 Building Height Calculations and Classifications
Two sets of measurement are used for determining building height. One is to determine if a building is classified
as a high rise; and the other is to determine the Building Construction Type.
As previously noted in Section 1.3 of this Report, “General Description of Zone S9”, the height of the three towers
is approximately 115 meters from the ground floor to the highest roof on the elevator machine room. The height is
based on following the NFPA criteria noted below for the determination of the minimum construction type.
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Classification as a High Rise:
The GCC Fire Code Part-1 does not contain specific requirements which define a building as a high rise. This
project is a high rise as defined in NFPA 5000 because it exceeds 23 meters when measured according to the
method for calculating height for the purposes of NFPA 5000, Table 7.4.1. Since it is a high rise, it is required to
be fully sprinklered, per NFPA 5000, 33.2.2.
Determination of Minimum Construction Type:
Per Table 7.4.1, there are two possibilities under Type I Construction: For Type I (332), the building must not
exceed 128 meters. The “Building Height” [per NFPA 5000, 3.3.308.1] of this project is proposed to be
approximately 115 meters, which is less than 128 meter height limit, and therefore the building can be Type I
(332). For Type I (442): Building height is unlimited. Therefore, the Zone S9 could also be Type I (442), which is
more restrictive. Conclusion: minimum construction type permitted is Type I (332).
Construction Requirements of NFPA 5000: Chapter 33 for High Rise Buildings
Under certain conditions, Section 33.1.3.2 permits a reduction in building construction type. That section states
“For buildings, other than mercantile occupancies or industrial and storage occupancies with ordinary and high
hazard contents exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area as set forth in 34.1.3, Type I (442)
construction shall be permitted to be reduced to Type I (332), and Type I (332) construction shall be permitted to
be reduced to Type II (222).”
The Zone S9 project contains both mercantile and storage occupancies. Based on the information received, it
appears that the fuel storage required for the emergency generators on the commercial 4 floor qualify as high
hazard contents that exceed the maximum allowable quantities. Therefore, this project will not be qualified for the
reduction in construction type for a high rise building with a fully automated sprinkler system.
As previously noted, the minimum construction type permitted by NFPA (Non-separated Occupancies) is Type I
(332), however, due to the presence of the high hazard, all the structure supporting the high hazard area will need
to provide a four-hour rating. If this high hazard is relocated to an acceptable location, additional analysis of the
plans, and potential modifications to the building might result in a reduction to Type II (222). Refer to Diagram
5.1 for a summary of the Project height data.
5.2 Structural Fire Resistance
Table 1-7, in Chapter 1 of the GCC Fire Code, identifies the minimum construction requirements for structural
elements. It notes that all structural elements, including columns, beams, floor slabs, roofs, and structural walls,
are to be constructed from non-combustible, fire resistive materials, suitable to the nature of usage, and that the
degree of fire resistive ratings (in hours) is to comply with the contents of Table 1-7 as a minimum. It also notes
that when the building is being used for more than one purpose, the degree of fire resistance may be increased for
columns and beams per the recommendations of Civil Defense. Those requirements are tabulated as follows,
both for structural and for non-structural construction in the Tables identified as Table 5-2-1 “Comparison: GCC
Code and NFPA Type I (442) and Type I (332) Construction: Bearing Construction” and Table 5-2-2
“Comparison: GCC Code and NFPA Type I (442) and Type I (332) Construction: Non-Bearing Construction”.
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 Key For Building Height Drawing
1 Lowest level of Civil Defense vehicle
access
2 High Rise Building (occupied floor above 23
meters)
3 Finished Ground Level (Grade)
4 Highest Finished Ground Level (Grade)
5 Grade Plane (average of the finished ground
level adjoining the building at all exterior
walls; for establishing “Building Height”)
6 Maximum Building Height for Type II (222)
Construction (54.86 Meters)
7 Average elevation of the highest roof surface
(For establishing “Building Height”)
8 Height of main area of highest roof
9 Height of elevator machine room roof
10 Maximum Building Height for Type I (332)
Construction (128.016 Meters)

DIAGRAM 5.1: Building Height Data [Dubai office to provide section for S9;

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The requirements for NFPA for structural fire resistance are found in Chapter 7, and in Section 7.2 “Construction TABLE 5-2-2 Comparison: GCC Code and NFPA Type I (442) and Type I (332) Construction
Types”, which includes Table 7.2.1.1. The information for Type I (442) and Type I (332) is also indicated in the Non-Bearing Construction
following Tables.
NFPA 5000 Difference GCC Code
TABLE 5-2-1: Comparison: GCC Code and NFPA Type I (422) and Type I (322) Construction

Parking Garage
Most Stringent

(Industrial and
Residential and
Bearing Construction GCC Code

Multiple Floors
Requirement
Type I (442)

Type I (332)

Warehouse)
442 to GCC

332 to GCC
NFPA 5000: Chapter 1

Commercial
442 to 332
NFPA 5000 Difference GCC Code Table 7.3.2.1 Table 1-7
and Table 1-4

Parking Garage
Most Stringent

(Industrial and
Residential and

Multiple Floors
Requirement
GCC Code

Warehouse)
Type I (442)

442 to GCC

332 to GCC
NFPA 5000:

Commercial
Type (332)

442 to 332
Chapter 1 [Table 7-1] External
Table 7.2.1.1 Walls and Walls
Table 1-7
Exterior Non-Bearing Separating from
Walls 0 0 0 -4 -4 4 4 4 Neighboring Buildings
or the Risky parts of
Exterior Bearing Walls the Building
Supporting more than
one floor, columns, or 4 3 +1 0 -1 4 External Walls and
other bearing walls Walls Separating from [Table 7.3.2.1] Assembly, GCC: 15
4 4 Neighboring Buildings residential, Business (low meters
Supporting one floor
4 3 +1 0 -1 4 hazard); more than 3 0 before
[Table 1-4]
only or the Risky parts of 1st Construction
the Building meters rating is 0
Supporting a roof only 4 3 +1 0 -1 4 Classification:
0 Separation to
Interior Bearing Walls [Table 7.3.2.1] Mercantile GCC: 15 neighboring building is
& Storage (Parking garage) meters more than 15 meters
Supporting more than Walls separating Exit with moderate hazard; 0 before
one floor, columns, or 4 3 +1 +2 +1 4 Ways, Lift Well, more than 3 meters rating is 0
other bearing walls Skylight, Stairway,
Supporting one floor 2 4 Service Tracks
only 3 3 0 +1 +1 4 GCC:
(Horizontal and [Table 7.3.2.1] Assembly,
Rating 1
Supporting a roof only 3 2 +1 -1 0 4 Vertical) residential, Business (low 1 from 5 to 15 [Table 1-4]
hazard); 1.5 to 3 meters 1st Construction
meters
Classification:
Columns 1 Separation to
Supporting more than [Table 7.3.2.1] Mercantile GCC: neighboring building is
one floor, columns, or 4 3 +1 +2 +1 4 & Storage (Parking garage)
1
Rating is 1 5 to 15 meters
other bearing walls with moderate hazard; 1.5 from 5 to 15
Columns, Beams,
Supporting one floor 2 4 Roof Slabs
to 3 meters meters
only 3 2 +1 +1 0 4
Supporting a roof only 3 2 +1 +1 0 4 GCC:
[Table 7.3.2.1] Assembly,
Rating is 2
residential, Business (low 1 hours up to [Table 1-4]
Beams, Girders, hazard); 0 to 1.5 meters 1st Construction
Trusses, and Arches 5 meters
Classification:
2 Separation to
Supporting more than [Table 7.3.2.1] Mercantile GCC:
one floor, columns, or 4 3 +1 +2 +1 4 neighboring building is
& Storage (Parking garage) Rating is 2
other bearing walls with moderate hazard; 0 to 2 less than 5 meters
Columns, Beams, hours up to
Supporting one floor 2 4 Roof Slabs 1.5 meters 5 meters
only 2 2 0 0 0 4
Supporting a roof only 2 2 0 0 0 4 [Table 7-1]
Interior Non-Bearing
Floor-Ceiling Walls 0 0 0 -4 -4 4 2 4 Internal Walls and
Assemblies 2 2 0 NA NA 2 None identified [Table 7-1] Not listed Partitions
[Table 1-4] Fixed
[Table 1-4] Ceiling 1
2 and Floor Tiles
Internal Partitions

Roof-Ceiling Columns, Beams,

Assemblies 2 1.5 +.5 0 -.5 4 2 4 Roof Slabs
5.3 Multiple Types of Construction with Separated Occupancies
[Table 1-4] Roof
2 Structure 5.3.1 Occupancy Separation Requirements in the GCC Fire Code

The GCC provides requirements to separate occupancy based on their Risk Classification (Slight, Medium and
High) The following table provides the required fire-resistance between occupancies found in this project.

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TABLE 5-3-1 – GCC: Required Fire Resistance Rated Assemblies between Separated Occupancies Residential
(Hotels)
- - 2 3 2 2 2

GCC: Required Fire Resistance Rated Assemblies between Separated Mercantile - - - 2 2 2 2

Occupancies Storage
(Parking)
- - - - 3 3 3
Assembly >
Assembly Assembly
Apartments Hotels Mercantile Park 300 to <
< 300 >1000
(Slight) (Slight) (Medium) (Medium) 1000
(Slight) (Slight)
(Slight) 5.4 Exposure Protection – Exterior Walls and Exterior Wall Openings
Apartments
- 1 2 2 1 1 1
(Slight) 5.4.1 Horizontal and Vertical Separation of Exterior Walls and Openings
Hotels
(Slight)
- - 2 2 1 1 1 1 - Horizontal Separation of Tower and Podiums: Within Zone S9 all three towers are separated from one
another by more than 15 meters, which is generally acceptable. In addition, it is noted that the podium of Zone S9
Mercantile
(Medium)
- - - 2 2 2 2 is bound on three sides by roads which provide a clearance of more than 25 meters. As there are no adjacent
buildings within 15 meters to present an exterior fire exposures condition, the amount of exterior wall openings is
Park
- - - - 2 2 2 unlimited at those locations. At the side adjacent to the pedestrian spine, the clearance between Zone S9 and
(Medium) Zone S10 is greater than 12 meters.
Assembly
< 300 (Slight)
- - - - - 1 1 2 – Horizontal and Vertical Separations between the Bridges and the Podium: In addition, there is a second area
which requires additional attention, and that is the connection of the bridges between the two halves of the
Assembly
> 300 to <
building. As previously noted, the podium is divided into two halves at the three levels from Commercial 2 Floor
1000
- - - - - - 1 up to Commercial 4 Floor. There are two bridges above the Commercial 2 Floor that connect the two halves. The
(Slight) fire ratings of the exterior wall of the bridge adjacent to the podium, and the fire ratings of the exterior walls of
podium adjacent to the bridge, must have the appropriate ratings. In addition, one bridge has connections only at
the Commercial 3 Floor, and therefore the roof of it is below the exterior wall of the Commercial 4 Floor, and that
5.3.2 Occupancy Separation Requirements in NFPA bridge roof must also have the appropriate fire rating.
When applying the principle of separated occupancies, NFPA requires that each part of the building comprising a
The GCC Code specifically requires that at locations where the roof of one area of a building is lower than
separate and distinct occupancy shall be separated from one another by fire-resistive rated assemblies.
another, the roof have a minimum of a 1–hour rating. In addition, it does not permit the construction of any
Assemblies shall completely enclose the distinct occupancy with vertical and/ or horizontal assemblies and where
opening on the roof that is within 2.5 meters of the external wall of the upper area, unless the upper wall is solid
the separation is horizontal, structural members supporting the assembly shall be protected by an equivalent fire- and has at least a 1-hour fire rating [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 1-7/5/2/2].
resistance, but not less than the required structural fire resistance, whichever is greater. The following table
provides the required fire-resistance between occupancies found in this project. NFPA establishes separation to adjacent structures by the distance and by the level hazard. Both Low and
Medium Hazard with greater than 3 meters of separation, require no fire rating. Between 1.5 and 3 both require 1-
Buildings with separated occupancies can have mixed construction provided that each occupancy separated by
hour fire rating. At less than 1.5 meters, a 1-hour rating is still adequate for Low Hazard, but at less than 1.5
fire resistive walls in accordance with Table 5-3-2 above. In addition, where two or more types of construction
meters, a Medium Hazard structure requires a 2-hour rating [NFPA 5000, Section 7.3].
exist in the same building, the height of the entire building shall not exceed the least height permitted, based on
the types of construction in the building. It should be noted that Section 1-7/5 of the GCC Fire Code permits openings in the same building to be located as
little as 1.20 meters vertically apart for exterior windows of two separate fire compartments, on different floors; and
TABLE 5-3-2 – NFPA: Required Fire Resistance Rated Assemblies between Separated Occupancies
1.20 meters apart on the same floor if the windows are at an angle to one another; or only 0.5 meters apart
horizontally if they are in the same exterior wall plane.
NFPA: Required Fire Resistance Rated Assemblies between Separated
Additional requirements of that Chapter includes the requirement that distances between exterior windows can be
Occupancies less than 1.20 meters if they are separated by a concrete shade which protrudes a minimum of 0.50 meters from
Assembly the front elevation of the face of the exterior wall. In addition, a separation of 3 meters is required for a stairway
Residential Residential Storage Assembly Assembly window to a window in a different fire compartment.
Mercantile > 300 to <
(Apartments) (Hotels) (Parking) < 300 >1000
1000
However, the drawings and information received to date does not adequately identify the proposed construction.
Residential Therefore both of these conditions will require further analysis and action.
(Apartments)
- 2 2 3 2 2 2

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5.4.2 Maximum Size of Exterior Wall Openings Fire door assemblies with side-hinged and pivoted swinging doors are required to be tested in accordance with
NFPA 252 “Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies”, or UL 10C “Standard for Positive Pressure Fire
The maximum area of unprotected and protected openings, such as doors and windows, permitted for exterior Tests of Door Assemblies”. Fire doors assemblies with other types of doors, including swinging elevator doors
walls are required to not exceed the percentages specified in GCC Fire Code Part-1, Table 1-6. However, the two and fire shutters are required to be tested in accordance with NFPA 252.
halves of the Zone S9 building can be considered and designed as a single building, and it is not intended by the
code to protect the exterior walls of a building from another exterior wall in the same building under these The GCC Code does differ from the NFPA and related standards in that it specifically requires that openings in fire
provisions. resistant walls should be fitted with fire resistant closing methods (i.e. doors and windows) with a resistance
degree equal to the degree required for the walls themselves. Within the NFPA, UL and other related standards, it
Similarly, since the Zone S9 building has exterior non-load bearing walls, NFPA does not require the exterior walls is typical for many openings to have rating that is slightly less than the rating of the wall. For instance a ¾ hour
to be fire rated. However, in locations where the horizontal separation between different occupancies was less door can be complaint for some 1 hour walls; and 1½ hour rated door is compliant for some 2-hour rated walls
than the minimum distances permitted (as noted above) then fire rated constructed would be required. In under NFPA, the International Building Code (IBC), and other codes.
addition, NFPA limits the maximum allowable area of unprotected openings, as a percentage of the exterior wall
surface. Those limits vary by building occupancy and by the horizontal separation distance. Requirements are 5.5.2 Penetration Sealing
contained in NFPA 5000, Tables 7.3.5(a) and 7.3.5(b).
Penetration sealing is a critical component to minimizing the spread of smoke or fire and in providing a safe and
5.5 Opening Protection in Fire Resistance Rated Construction compliant building environment. The GCC Code requires the filling of such voids with appropriate material in
order to prevent the spread of fire [GCC Code, Chapter 1, Section 7]. Further requirements are contained within
NFPA 5000. There are three types of locations which require fire containment through the use of sealing systems.
5.5.1 Fire Doors
The GCC Fire Code Part-1 specifically states when local specifications are not available (or extensive enough) for
Through Penetration Fire Stops: The first of these are through penetration fire stop materials and systems which
the evaluation of the fire resistance ratings of doors, then international specifications should be adopted as
maintain the required fire ratings at penetrations for such components as cables, cable trays, conduits, pipes,
referenced in Section 1-8/3/8 For this project, NFPA 80, “Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening
tubes, combustion vents and exhaust vents, wires, and similar items to accommodate electrical, mechanical,
Protectives”, is appropriate. It requires that approved fire door or fire shutter assemblies be installed in a manner,
plumbing, and communications systems that pass through a wall, floor, or floor/ceiling assembly constructed as a
and constructed of materials which will provide the minimum required fire resistance rating in accordance with the
fire barrier.
following table:
NFPA 5000 requires the installation of an approved fire stop system, which is required to be tested in accordance
TABLE 5-5-1 – Fire Rating of Doors
with ASTM E 814 or UL 1479 to provide not less than the required fire resistance rating of the wall or floor/ceiling
See Section 8.7.2 and Table 8.7.2 in NFPA 5000 for more extensive information regarding the minimum fire
penetrated. Where concrete, grout, or mortar has been used to fill the annular spaces around cast-iron, copper,
protection rating for opening protective in fire resistance-rated assemblies and fire-rated glazing markings. See
or steel piping, or steel conduit or tubing that penetrates one or more concrete or masonry fire resistance–rated
UL 80 and NFPA 5000 for additional requirements, including requirements for opening protectives in wall
assemblies, there are three significant criteria which apply. These are:
assemblies rated more than 2-hours.
 The nominal diameter of each penetrating item shall not exceed 150 mm;
2
 The opening size shall not exceed 92,909 mm (this is slightly less than 0.1 square meter);
 Thickness of the concrete, grout, or mortar shall be the full thickness of the assembly.
Required Fire
Required Wall Door Vision Fire Rated Glazing Perimeter Fire Containment: The second location requiring penetration sealing is at the perimeter of the upper
Assembly Type Door and Fire
Assembly Panel Size Marking Door Vision floors of a building. At this location it is critical to restrict of the passage of flames or hot gases from one floor to
Shutter Assembly 2 another at the location where the floor intersects the inside of an exterior curtain wall assembly.
Rating (hours) (cm ) Panel
Rating (hours)

2
At this location, NFPA 5000 requires the installation of material which has been tested in accordance with NFPA
≤ 645 cm =D-H-90 251, and ASTM 2307 “Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems
Fire barriers 2 1.5 645* 2
>645 cm = D-H-W-90 Using Intermediate Scale, Multi-Story Test Apparatus”, and having a rating at least equal to the floor assembly.
Fire Joint Protective Systems: The third location requiring penetration sealing is at the various building joints and
2
Shafts, exit ≤ 645 cm =D-H-90 other joints which occur between fire walls, fire barrier walls, floors, floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling
enclosures and exit 2 1.5 645* 2 assemblies, at the intersections of exterior walls and the perimeter of the floor assembly. At these locations the
>645 cm = D-H-T or D-H-T-W-
passageway walls sealing materials and systems are required to be tested in accordance with ASTM E1966, “Standard Test Method
90
for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems”, or ANSI/UL 2079 “Standard for Tests for Fire Resistance of Building Joint
Systems”.
Other fire barriers 1 0.75 Max. size tested D-H-NT-45

5.5.3 Fire Dampers and Smoke Dampers

Fire partitions
1 0.33 Max. size tested D-20
(corridor walls)
The spread of fire and smoke through mechanical systems ductwork is prevented partially through the installation
* Fire-resistance-rated glazing tested to ASTM E 119 in accordance with section 716.2 shall be permitted in the maximum size of approved dampers at locations where ductwork penetrations fire and smoke rated assemblies. Extensive
tested. requirements for this work are contained within the NFPA Standard 90A, fire dampers are required at all locations

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where the ductwork penetrates a 2 hour rated assembly, which includes walls, floors, ceilings and roof systems.
Furthermore NFPA 5000 section 8.8.8.2.3 specify further the location where fire dampers are required as stated
below:
1- Ducts and air-transfer openings penetrating walls or partitions having a fire resistance rating of 2 or more
hours
2- Ducts and air-transfer openings penetrating shaft wall shaving a fire resistance rating of 1 or more hours
3- Ducts and air-transfer openings penetrating floors that are required to have protected openings where the
duct also is not protected by a shaft enclosure
4- Air-transfer openings that occur in walls or partitions that are required to have a fire-resistive rating of 30
minutes or more
Smoke dampers are required at all locations where it is necessary to regulate the movement of air and smoke as
part of an engineered smoke management system.
5.5.4 Vertical Shafts
The GCC Code considers vertical voids in buildings (such as stairwells, and skylights) as separate fire
compartments. [GCC Code, Chapter 1, Section 7]. NFPA requires a minimum of a 2 hour fire barrier for
enclosures connecting four or more stories; and a 1 hour fire barrier at other locations.
 Other Spaces: Class A or B for Assembly with more than 300 occupants; and Mercantile; Class A, B or C for
Assembly with less than 300 occupants; Apartments, Hotels, Business and Storage.
NFPA permits finishes to be reduced from Class A to Class B, Class B to Class C and Class II to Class I in
buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler system.
5.6.2 Plastics
Plastics are a highly regulated and restricted material. The GCC Fire Code Part-1 , Section 1-8/5 classifies
plastics in Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 includes cellular or foamed plastics, including polystyrene, polyurethane,
and polyisocyanurate. Type 1 plastics are required to be treated in a manner which limits their flame spread rating
to 10 and smoke developed to 450; with a limitation that the toxicity of the smoke should not exceed that of normal
wood. NFPA requirements further limit the materials to not more than 10% of the interior surfaces of walls or
ceilings; and with further limitations on density and actual thickness; and requires compliance as a Class A or
Class B material, except that the smoke rating is not limited.
Type 2 plastics are solid plastics which are used for light transmitting purposes (such as skylights). These are
required by NPFA and other standards to be tested in a large-scale test which substantiates the combustibility
characteristics of the plats for the used intended under actual fire conditions.

5.5.5 Concealed Space 6. Means of Egress

The GCC Fire Code Part-1 indicates that required compartmentalization must include all types of concealed
6.1 Occupant Load Factors
spaces including but not limited areas above suspended ceilings, and below raised floors except where permitted
as referenced in Section 1-7/3. The concealed space must be divided such that distance between every
The means of egress system for Zone S9 project will be based on the prescriptive code requirements for the type
concealed areas shall not exceed 30 meters with a maximum concealed space area not exceeding 150 m2 [
of use and occupancy in each of the areas of the building. Requirements of both the GCC Code and NFPA are
GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 1-7/3/3]. Section 1-7/3/4/2 in GCC Fire Code Part-1 Compartmentalization of the
noted, and in general, GCC requirements for exit access travel distances and dead end corridor limitations are
concealed space is not required if the concealed space meets any of the following conditions:
more restrictive than NFPA. For all Occupant Load Factors, the Factors are based on the gross area of a use,
unless specifically otherwise noted. See Table with GCC and NFPA Requirements.
 Space below raised floors not exceeding 1 meter.
 Concealed space protected by automatic sprinkler system
 Concealed space above ceilings with fire resistant construction that includes materials compliant with interior 6.2 Size of Means of Egress
finish classification limitations.
6.2.1 GCC Code Requirements
5.6 Interior Construction
The GCC Fire Code requirements utilize a Table which differentiates between the minimum width of stairs, and of
doors and passages; in increments of 50 occupants. The GCC Fire Code requires that the exit width be
5.6.1 Interior Finishes
measured at the narrowest location at any part of the components of egress, which is unlike the NFPA
requirements (see below).
The GCC Fire Code Part-1 , Section 1-8/2 limits the flame spread of interior materials and finishes to zero, per
approved international standards. It references the Building Materials Directory of Underwriters Laboratory. The
UL standards classify materials into one of three classes. Class A interior wall and ceiling finishes are those with TABLE 6-2-1 Minimum Exit Width per the GCC
a flame spread index of 0 to 25; and smoke developed index of 0 to 450. Class B materials have a flame spread Maximum Occupant Load Minimum Clear Width of Exit Minimum Clear Width of Exit
index of 26 to 75 and a smoke developed index of 0 to 450; while Class C finishes have a flame spread rating of in the Building or any part Stairs (m) Doors / Corridors (m)
75 to 200 and a smoke developed index of 450 or less.
of the building at any time
The NFPA 5000 Code also references the UL Standards, and establishes the following as the minimum standards (Q. L.)
for interior finish classification limitations: Q. L. < 150 Persons 1.00 (minimum) 0.85 (minimum)
 Exits: Class A for Apartments, Hotels, and Assembly; Class A or B for Mercantile, Business, and Storage 150 Persons < Q. L. ≤ 200 1.30 1.00
 Exit Access Corridors: Class A or B for Assembly, Hotels, Apartments, Mercantile, and Business; Class A, B Persons
or C for Storage
200 Persons < Q. L. ≤ 250 1.65 1.25

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 TABLE 6-2-2 Occupant Load Factors per the GCC and NFPA Requirements
Maximum Occupant Load Minimum Clear Width of Exit Minimum Clear Width of Exit
in the Building or any part Stairs (m) Doors / Corridors (m) GCC Requirements NFPA Requirements
of the building at any time Sq.m/ Occupants Sq.m / Occupts/sq.
Description Description
(Q. L.) Occupant /Sq.m Occupant m

Persons Residential Apartments Not stated Not stated 18.6 [.0537] Apartments
Hotel Rooms Hotels
250 Persons < Q. L. ≤ 300 3.00 1.50 [interpreted to mean guest 15.00 0.07 18.6 [.0537] [Uses within a hotel are as
Persons rooms or suites] noted below]
Restaurants 4.00 0.25 (see below) Restaurants
300 Persons < Q. L. ≤ 1000 Clear Width + 0.05 m per every 8 Clear Width + 0.05 m per every 10
Persons Persons increase Persons increase 9.3 [.1075] Kitchens
(see below) Dining Areas
Q. L. > 1000 Persons Extra Exit Stair with clear width not Extra Exit Door with clear width not
0.28 [3.57] Waiting Areas
less than 1.52m per every 500 less than 1.52m per every 500
persons increase persons increase 0.65 net [1.538] Movable Seating;
concentrated use
Moveable Seating: Less
6.2.2 NFPA Requirements 1.4 net [714]
concentrated
Fixed Seating Actual number of seats Actual number of seats Fixed Seating
NFPA identifies minimum width of egress components, and uses capacity factors of 7.6 mm per occupant for
stairways, and 5 mm for level components (such as corridors and doors) and ramps. The exception to this for the Meeting Rooms 1.00 0.15 [*] (see below) Meeting Rooms
Zones S09 project would be areas with High Hazard contents exceeding the maximum MAQ per control area; 0.65 net [1.538] Movable Seating;
[*] Note: The value of 0.15 occupants per square concentrated use
which the capacity factors used are 18 mm for stairways, and 10 mm for level components and ramps. [NFPA
meter is listed in the text of the code, but might be a
5000, Table 11.3.3.1].The minimum width of 915 mm is used for exits serving less than 50 occupants [NFPA typo; with "1.00" being the correct value (which is 1.4 net [714] Moveable Seating: Less

Hotels
Hotels
5000, 11.3.4.1 (2)]. NFPA requirements for exit stairs are a minimum width of 1120 mm for a cumulative occupant mathematically correct for the square meters per concentrated
load assigned to the stair of less than 2,000 occupants, and 1420 mm for a cumulative occupant load assigned to occupant, and similar to the NFPA values.) Actual number of seats Fixed Seating
the stair of 2,000 or more occupants. The increase width is only required to occur at the lower portion of the stair, Markets (shopping Mercantile Use
centers) 0.75 1.33 (see below)
starting at the floor where the cumulative occupant load first exceeds the 2,000 occupant quantity. [NFPA 101,
7.2.2.2.1.2]. Central Markets 2.00 0.5 2.8 [0.357] Sales on Street Floor
Small Markets Specifically Specifically Sales on two or more
3.7 [0.270]
NFPA requirements permit projections into the path of egress of not more than 114 mm on each side, and at a not stated not stated street floors
height of not more than 965 mm above the floor, or above the nosing at a stair. This provision accommodates Showrooms (listed twice Sales area on floor below
1.50 0.67 2.8 [0.357]
stair handrails and door handles. In the locations where the stair and landing handrails form a part of a guard, with 2 values) street floor
Conference Halls Sales area on floor above
such projections are permitted at a height of 1065 mm and below. 1.00 1.00 5.6 [0.179] street floor
Showrooms (listed twice Areas used only for

Markets
6.2.3 Egress Convergence

Warehouses and Car Lots Markets

with 2 values) storage, receiving and
7.00 0.15 27.9 [0.0358]
shipping; not open to
Both the GCC Code and the NFPA Codes require the means of egress to accommodate the convergence of general public.
Car Parking Storage Occupancy
egressing occupants that occurs from two areas, including those exiting down in an exit stair, with those exiting up 15.00 0.07 46.5 [.0215] (includes car parking)
from a lower floor in the same exit stair. This requires providing adequate width for the occupant load of both
Storage not stated not stated (see below) Storage Occupancies
groups combined, including width of doors and width of corridors. [GCC Code, Chapter 3, Section 4; and NFPA
5000, Section 11.3.1.5]. Storage in Mercantile
27.9 [0.0358] Occupancies (including
markets)
Storage in other than

Storage
46.5 [0.0215] Storage Occupancies or
Mercantile Occupancies
NOTES:
1. Codes used are GCC Code, Part-1 (2003 edition) and NFPA 101 Life Safety Code (2009 edition).

2. All values are specifically stated in the respective codes unless they are indicated in brackets. Values indicated in brackets are calculated
values, based on the values specifically stated in the text of the respective code.

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6.3 Required Number and Locations of Exits The NFPA Codes are less restrictive, and require corridors to maintain a clear unobstructed width of 1.12 meters
[NFPA 101: 7.3.4.1]. Corridor walls (egress passages) are required to be a minimum of one-hour fire-rated
For nearly all portions of the building, a minimum of two exits remotely located from one another are required. construction with one-hour doors per NFPA.
The GCC Code requires that exits be separated by a distance equal to one-half of the diagonal of the area served
The GCC Fire Code Part-1 requires that egress corridors must be divided into segments that are not more than
by the two exits [GCC Code, Chapter 3, Section 5]. NFPA permits the separation to be one-third the diagonal
30 meters in length. The separation includes the use of a wall and doors. In addition, it requires the same type of
when the building is protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
separation between secondary corridors and main passageways. It should be noted that in such circumstances,
In accordance with NFPA 101, 7.4 and GCC Table 3-5, the number of means of egress from any story or portion when the direction of egress travel can be in both directions through the door opening, that two doors be provided
thereof, shall comply with the requirements stated in the following table: (if necessary due to the occupant load) and that the minimum width of both doors be maintained as required by
code. [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 3-4].
TABLE 6-3 Minimum Number of Exits
6.4.2 Doors
Minimum Number of Exits
Occupant Load, QL (Persons)
The GCC Code notes that emergency doors must open to the escape side, but unlike many other codes, it does
NFPA 101, 7.4 GCC, Table 3-5
not identify a minimum number of occupants using a door in which that criterion does not apply. [GCC Fire Code
QL ≤ 500 2 2 Part-1, Section 3-9]. The NFPA requirements for doors are extensive, and include the following:
 Minimum clear width [NFPA 101; 7.2.1.2.3.2]: 810 mm.
 Must swing in the direction of egress travel when [NFPA 101; 7.2.1.4.2]: Serving a room or area with an
500 < QL ≤ 750 3 3 occupant load of 50 or more. Serving as an exit enclosure door, regardless of occupant load.
 Minimum door opening forces [NFPA 101; 7.2.1.4.5] are 67 N to release the latch; 133 N to set the door in
motion; and 67 N to open the door to the minimum required width. The GCC requirement is that the force
750 < QL ≤ 1000 3 4 need to completely open a door should not be greater than 23 kg on the door’s handle. [GCC Fire Code Part-
1, Section 3-9].
QL > 1000 4 -------
6.4.3 Exit Stairs

6.4 Egress Components The GCC Code [Chapter 8, Section 4] requires stairs of different occupancies (including residential stairs) to be
completely independent from stairs of other occupancies, and lead directly to the outside. There are some
6.4.1 Corridors locations where that condition does not occur within the Zone S9 project, and those must be addressed and
modified on an individual basis within the context of the fire and life safety strategy for this Zone.
The GCC Fire Code Part-1 requires the following minimum widths for corridors for the uses within the Zones S09
project. The GCC Fire Code Part-1 also requires that in Residential uses, emergency exits must be provided for
apartments in the second floor, which lead to the main passageway or a staircase. The GCC Fire Code Part-1
Commercial [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 9-6] requires that a vestibule is to be provided at the exit stairs in various types of occupancies, including both
Residential and Commercial uses [Sections 3-13/1, 8-1/6, and 9-6/6]. The vestibules are required to have a
Category A (Retail) 2 meters main passageways minimum dimension of 1.5 meters between the doors in the closed position, and a minimum clearance of 1 meter
Category A (Retail) 1.5 meters (secondary passages separating the display areas) between the doors when in the open position. Therefore an increased dimension in door width would result in an
Category B (Offices) 1.5 meters main passageways increased dimension for the vestibule to be greater than the 1.5 meters minimum. [GCC Fire Code Part-1,
Section 3-9]
Residential [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 8-6]
There are some locations where that condition does not occur within the Zone S9 project, and those must be
Category A (Apartments) 1.5 meters for main passageways
addressed and modified on an individual basis within the context of the fire and life safety strategy for this Zone.
1.2 meters for branch corridors

Category C (Hotels) 2.0 meters for main passageways In accordance with the GCC Fire Code [Section 3-3/4], the minimum clear width of the exit doors/corridors and
1.2 meters for branch corridors stairs will be determined based on the maximum occupant load (persons) in the building or any part of the building
at any time as given in Table 3-4 of the GCC Fire Code Part-1. Those requirements have previously been noted
Assembly [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 5-6] in this report in the section on “Size of Means of Egress”. For both the GCC Fire Code Part-1 and NFPA, the stair
2 meters for main passageways width is based on the maximum occupant load of a floor being served by that stair. [GCC Fire Code – Part-1,
1.5 meters for branch corridors Chapter 3].

Storage [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 11-6] Exit stairs are required to comply with the following requirements GCC Fire Code Part-1 [Chapter 3] as well as
2 meters for main passageways NFPA 101:
1.5 meters for branch corridors

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TABLE 6-4-3 GCC Fire Code Part-1 and NFPA 101 [Most restrictive noted in bold]
Exit Stair Requirements Minimum
Exit Stair Requirements Minimum
Minimum Clearance Between Handrail and Wall:
57 mm
[NFPA 101: 7.2.2.4.4.5]
Minimum Clear Stair width for stairs serving less than 50 occupants [NFPA
915 mm
101; 7.2.2.2.1.2]
Minimum Handrail Diameter: [GCC Fire Code – Part-1, Section 3-8] 40 mm
Minimum Clear Stair width when the cumulative occupant load is greater
than 2,000 is 1.42 meters (but that is only for the lower segment of the stair 1120 mm Minimum Handrail Diameter: [NFPA 101: 7.2.2.4.4.6 (1)] 32 mm
where the cumulative occupant load has exceeded 2,000; above that the
stairs can be:
Maximum Handrail Diameter: [NFPA 101: 7.2.2.4.6 (1)]
Minimum Clear Stair width for stairs with a cumulative occupant load of 1420 mm GCC: Not stated
51 mm
2,000 people [NFPA 101; Table 7.2.2.2.1.2 (B)]
Minimum Guard Height: [GCC Code Fire Code – Part-1 , Section 3-8]
Not Stated
Minimum Riser Height: GCC Fire Code – Part-1 [Section 3-12] 150 mm Provide when change of level is more than 180mm.

Minimum Guard Height: [NFPA 101: 7.2.2.4.5.2] 1,065 mm

Minimum Riser Height: [NFPA 101 Table 7.2.2.2.1.1 (a)] 100 mm

Maximum Opening in Guard: [GCC Fire Code – Part-1, Section 3-8] 100 mm
Maximum Riser Height: GCC Fire Code – Part-1 [Chapter 3, Section 13] 180 mm

Maximum Opening in Guard: [NFPA 101: 7.2.2.4.5.3] 100 mm

Maximum Riser Height: [NFPA 101 Table 7.2.2.2.1.1 (a)] 180 mm

Minimum Tread Depth: GCC Fire Code – Part-1 [Section 3-12] 280 mm Open spiral stairs are not permitted to be used as a means of egress in residential, assembly and commercial
areas. They can be provided for convenience purposes only in lobby areas.

Minimum Tread Depth: [NFPA 101 Table 7.2.2.2.1.1. (a)] 280 mm 6.4.4 Balconies

Minimum Headroom: [NFPA 101 Table 7.2.2.2.1.1 (a)] 2,030 mm Any balconies used as components of the means of egress on podium floors are required to comply with GCC
Fire Code, Part-1 requirements for balconies and exterior stairs referenced in Sections 3-17 and 3-16. The height
Maximum Height between Landings of openings exposed to the balconies shall not be less than 2 meters and the width of the balconies shall not be
14 Risers = 2,520mm less than 1.5 meters. The walls facing the exterior stairs are required to be separated by fire resistant
GCC Fire Code – Part-1[ Section 3-12] (14 x 180 = 2,520 mm)
construction, fire doors equipped with self-closing devices, and fire windows within the limits of 3 meters in
Maximum Height between Landings: [NFPA 101 Table 7.2.2.2.1.1 (a)] 3 ,660 mm accordance with GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 3-16/2.

Minimum Height between Landings: Per NFPA 101 Section 7.5.3 Exterior Ways of Exit Access shall be permitted to be by means of any exterior
3 Risers balcony, porch, gallery, or roof. The long side of the balcony, porch, gallery, or similar space shall be at least 50
GCC Fire Code – Part-1 [Section 3-12]
percent open and shall be arranged to restrict the accumulation of smoke. Exterior exit access balconies shall be
Minimum Handrail Height: separated from the interior of the building by walls and opening protectives as required for corridors, unless the
900 mm
GCC Fire Code – Part-1 [3-12] For interior parts of building exterior exit access balcony is served by at least two remote stairs that can be accessed without any occupant
traveling past an unprotected opening to reach one of the stairs, or unless dead ends on the exterior exit access
Minimum Handrail Height [NFPA 101: 7.2.2.4.4.1] 865 mm do not exceed 6100 mm.

Minimum Handrail Height: Exterior exit access shall be arranged so that there are no dead ends in excess of those permitted for dead-end
1200 mm
GCC Fire Code – Part-1 [3-12] For exterior parts of building) corridors. Per NFPA 101 Section 7.2.2.6.3.1, exterior stairs shall be separated from the interior of the building by
Maximum Handrail Height: [NFPA 101: 7.2.2.4.4.4] construction with the fire resistance rating required for enclosed stairs with fixed or self-closing opening
965 mm protectives, except as follows:
[Not stated for GCC]

Minimum Clearance between Handrail and Wall:  Exterior stairs serving an exterior exit access balcony that has two remote outside stairways or ramps shall be
40 mm
[GCC Fire Code – Part-1, Section 3-8] permitted to be unprotected.
 Exterior stairs serving two or fewer adjacent stories, including the story where the exit discharges, shall be
permitted to be unprotected where there is a remotely located second exit.

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 The fire resistance rating of a separation extending 3050 mm from the stairs shall not be required to exceed 1 15 meters [GCC, Table 9.2]
3
hour where openings have a minimum /4-hour fire protection rating. 30 meters [NFPA, Table A7.6]
 Dead End Corridor
Wall construction required by 7.2.2.6.3.1 shall extend vertically from the finished ground level to a point 3050 mm 7.5 meters [GCC, Table 9-2]
above the topmost landing of the stairs or to the roofline, whichever is lower, and horizontally for not less than 15 meters [NFPA, Table A7.6]
3050 mm.
Car Park (Storage Occupancy):
6.5 Horizontal Exits
 Maximum Travel Distance
45 meters [GCC, Table 11-3]
The horizontal exit concept referenced in Section 3-20 in GCC Fire Code Part-1 can be utilized in the commercial 61 meters [NFPA, Table A7.6]
areas of the building if necessary to meet travel distance requirements. The primary purpose of including a  Common Path of Travel (measured as a direct distance)
horizontal exit in the design is to reduce travel distances on a level, as the horizontal exit is considered an exit and 15 meters [GCC, Table 11-3]
measurement of travel distance is terminated at the fire doors in the horizontal exit wall. A two-hour fire-rated 15 meters [NFPA, Table A7.6]
horizontal exit walls is required to extend from an exterior wall to an exterior wall with only 50% of the required  Dead End Corridor
egress capacity utilizing the exit. Any duct penetrating the wall will be required to be provided with a combination 7.5 meters [GCC, Table 11-3]
smoke-fire damper. Doors are required to be automatic or self-closing, but can remain normally held-open if 15 meters [NFPA, Table A7.6]
released by the fire alarm system or adjacent smoke detectors.
Storage Occupancy: [GCC Slight Hazard; NFPA Light Hazard]

6.6 Exit Access Travel Distance, Common Path of Travel  Maximum Travel Distance
40 meters [GCC, Table 11-3]
The following requirements apply for the Exit Access Travel Distance, Common Path of Travel, and Dead-end 122 meters [NFPA, Table A7.6]
Conditions, with Automatic Sprinklers in accordance with GCC Fire Code Part-1 and NFPA 101 requirements for  Common Path of Travel (measured as a direct distance)
the occupancies based on hazard classification, which are: 15 meters [GCC, Table 11-3]
30 meters [NFPA, Table A7.6]
Residential Occupancy:  Dead End Corridor
7.5 meters [GCC, Table 11-3]
 Maximum Travel Distance (from unit door to exit) 30 meters [NFPA, Table A7.6]
30 meters [GCC, Table 8-2]
99 meters [NFPA Table A7.6] Assembly Occupancy:
 Common Path of Travel (inside unit)
10 meters [GCC, Table 8-2]
38 meters [NFPA Table A7.6] Requirements for Assembly occupancies under the GCC Code have several variables. Travel distance ranges
 Dead End Corridor from 15 meters to 30 meters [GCC Code, Chapter 5]. The Common Path of Travel, measured as a direct
7.5 meters [GCC, Table 8-2] distance, ranges from 15 meters to 30 meters [GCC Code, 5-6/5]. In big multi-purpose halls, without partitions,
15 meters [NFPA Table A7.6] the common path of travel, measured as a direct distance from the most remote point in the hall to the exit, could
be increased to exceed 30 meters if the exit doors/stairs are well distributed around the building with distances in
Retail/Merchandise Occupancy: between not to exceed 60 meters [GCC Code, Chapter 5, 6/5/2]. Under NFPA, Travel Distance is 76 meters; the
Common Path of Travel and the Dead End Corridor length are both 6.1 meters. However, a Dead End Corridor is
 Maximum Travel Distance not permitted under the GCC Code.
45 meters [GCC, Table 9-2]
76 meters [NFPA, Table A7.6]
In accordance with GCC Fire Code Part-1, travel distances might be increased by 50% in buildings protected by
 Common Path of Travel (measured as a direct distance)
an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system. The common path of travel for the retail/mercantile
15 meters [GCC, Table 9-2]
30 meters [NFPA, Table A7.6] occupancy, commercial/office occupancy, and car parking, is given above as direct distance between the most
 Dead End Corridor remote point in the unit or space to the exit door. Therefore, as per GCC, section 3-3/1/9, the common path of
7.5 meters [GCC, Table 9-2] travel = 1.5 direct travel. The more complex factors for the GCC Code are summarized in the Tables 6-6-1 and 6-
15 meters [NFPA, Table A7.6] 6-2.

Commercial/Office Occupancy:

 Maximum Travel Distance

45 meters [GCC, Table 9.2]
91 meters [NFPA, Table A7.6]
 Common Path of Travel (measured as a direct distance)

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TABLE 6-6-1 GCC CODE: Common Path of Travel, Travel Distance and Dead en Corridor Limits for fire ratings, travel distances, potential occupant load that might be discharging into Zone S9, security restrictions
Residential (Mercantile and Business) Occupancies between Zone S9 and Zone S1 that might impact ability to exit via one or both of the Zones.
SPRINKLER
INCREASE MAXIMUM There is some discharge from the Podium at Commercial 2 Floor, into the open arcade or open atrium that
USE

LOCATION NUMBER OF FLOOR CONDITION separates the two halves of the podium. However, information on the drawings is inadequate to confirm
NO YES OCCUPANTS
compliance of exiting toward Zone S10 (on the other side of the pedestrian spine), and to confirm compliance with
Common Path of Travel exiting in the opposite direction toward Zone N4.
10 ---- ----- Basement ------
(CPT)
Common Path of Travel Upper TABLE 6-6-2 GCC CODE: Common Path of Travel, Travel Distance and Dead End Condition; Storage
15 ---- ----- Buildings Category (A) (Parking Garage)
inside apartments Floors
Residential

Common Path of Travel Upper

10 ---- ----- Buildings Category (B) and (C)
inside suite Floors
Floor (m)
20 30 ----- Basement Provided with more exits Site Risk Level
Travel Distance (TD) Ground Basement
Other
from apartment door to 30 45 ----- ------ Common Path of Travel in Low/ Ordinary 15 10
Floors
protected exit or stair this Area
5 7.5 ----- Basement At Dead Ends High 7.5 7.5

Storage / Car Park

Dead End 7.5 ---- ----- Any Floor At Dead Ends Low 40 20
Travel Distance to the
Low/ Ordinary 15 10
Independent and not connected to the protected exit or stair
15 ---- 30 Ground High 20 10
basement or the mezzanine.
Low 20 10
Independent shop and connected to Dead End Condition Low/ Ordinary 7.5 7.5
15 ---- 10 Basement
the escape routes High Not permitted Not Permitted
Common Path of Travel The shop is connected to the ground
inside office or shops 10 ---- 10 Basement
floor.
Independent and connected to the At the Ground Floor of Zone S9, there are discharge points on all sides of the building, including into a corridor
15 ---- 3 Mezzanine
building. immediately adjacent to the pedestrian spine. The egress from Stair 6 to point of exit discharge is currently
Commercial

indicated as involving discharging from the stair and out into the area behind the reception desk of the hotel. That
10 ---- 15 Mezzanine Connected to the ground floor
should be modified by so as to provide the option of exiting through the main passenger elevator lobby and
15 ---- 30 All floors In case of offices. discharging through the doors that are utilized by Stair 3. Although having both Stair 3 and Stair 6 from the same
tower utilize the same exit is by itself, not compliant with the codes; providing the option of exiting through the
Common Path of Travel
lobby should provide an acceptable level of safety, if adequate egress and safety conditions through the lobby are
from the furthest point In case of internal open staircase in
12 ---- ----- All floors properly provided and maintained. Refer to Appendix “C” for an exit diagram.
in the floor to the door the commercial buildings (offices)
of the staircase
At all stairs where there is egress both from below and from levels above, it is mandatory that provisions be made
If exits are provided in more than one
20 30 ----- Basement to prevent occupants from inadvertently passing the door that is at the level of exit discharge. In addition, it is
Travel Distance from direction
essential to confirm that the capacity of exit corridors leading from the those stairs is compliant with code
office door / shops door If exits are provided in more than one
30 45 ----- All floors requirements, including but not necessarily limited to fire ratings, separations, adequate width for the occupant
to protected exits/ stairs direction
load, and doors opening in the direction of exit discharge.
7.5 11.25 ----- All floors At dead ends.
6.8 Exit Signage
6.7 Exit Discharge
Exits are required to be marked by an approved sign that is readily visible from any direction of exit access. Exit
The exit stairs are required to extend to and provide access to a public way at the grade/ground levels. Ventilation signs are required at every door, corridor, passage or stair that is considered part of the means of egress. Access
system discharge outlet should be located as remotely as possible away from any exit discharge locations. to exits is required to be marked by approved, readily visible signs. New sign placement shall be such that no
point in an exit access corridor (escape way) is in excess of the rated viewing distance or 30 m, whichever is less,
For Zone S9 project the discharge points are as follows: From the three basement levels, all exiting is in an from the nearest sign. The lighting level is required to be not less than 55 Watt on the surface of the exit sign.
upward direction, with the exception of a very small portion commercial at the Basement 2 level, immediately Tactile signage is required be provided to meet all of the following criteria: (1) Tactile signage shall be located at
adjacent to (but separated from) the pedestrian spine. One of the two means of egress from that area is via a each exit door requiring an exit sign; and (2) Tactile signage shall read as follows: “EXIT”. [NFPA 101, Section
stair within Zone S9 (Stair 8). There is also egress via corridor in the opposite direction toward Zone S1. The 7.10.1; and GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 3-7].
information regarding that connection is inadequate, including with regards to occupancy use beyond Zone S9,

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6.9 Emergency Lighting
Emergency lighting is required by the GCC Fire Code - [Section 3-6]. Required locations include designated
stairs, aisles, corridors, ramps, escalators, and passageways; leading to an exit or public way. Emergency lighting
outside the building should provide illumination to either a public way or a distance away from the building that is
considered safe, whichever is closest to the building being evacuated.
Where maintenance of illumination depends on changing from one energy source to another, a delay of not more
than 10 seconds is permitted. Emergency illumination is required to be provided for a minimum of 2 hours in the
event of failure of normal lighting [GCC Fire Code Part-1, Section 3-6].
7. Fire Protection/Suppression Systems
7.1 Overall Site Fire Protection Infrastructure
The infrastructure buildings, including the Technical Gallery, the Utility Tunnel, and the Ancillary facilities, provide
integrated support to the fire protection systems for the entire development, including Ph. 4, S09. The technical
gallery contains dedicated fire water tanks, fire pumps, the piping network supplying the fire hydrants and the
distribution pipes supplying the localized water tanks. The technical gallery contains 4,600 m³ (1.2 MG) of
dedicated fire water supply. Total public water capacity for the entire site is 100,000 m³ (26.4 MG).

NFPA 5000 and NFPA 101require emergency lighting facilities to provide initial illumination that is not less than an
average of 10 lux at the floor and, at any point, not less than 1 lux, measured along the path of egress at floor
level. Illumination levels are permitted to decrease to not less than an average of 6.5 lux and, at any point, not less
than 0.65 lux at the end of 1 1/2 hours. A maximum-to-minimum illumination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 is not to be
exceeded. New emergency power systems for emergency lighting are required to be at least Type 10, Class 1.5,
Level 1, in accordance with NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems.
The emergency lighting system is required to be arranged to provide the required illumination automatically in the
event of any interruption of normal lighting due to any of the following:
 Failure of a public utility or other outside electrical power supply
 Opening of a circuit breaker or fuse
 Manual act(s), including accidental opening of a switch controlling normal lighting facilities
6.10 Emergency Plans
Refer to the approved Site Infrastructure and Utilities Master Plan - Fire Strategy Report, dated 26 March 2013 for
comprehensive details of the overall site water distribution system.
7.2 Water Tanks for Zone S9 (Including Towers SR3, SR7A and SR7B)
Two fire protection tanks, which are located on the top of each SR7A, SR7B and SR3 tower (Upper Tech Floors 1
3
and 2), provide a total capacity of 450 m3 (225 m each). The total duration available for each Tower is 120
3
minutes. Two fire protection tanks, which are located on the Basement 3, provide a total capacity of 450 m (225
3
m each). The total duration available for each Tower is 120 minutes. Refer to the color coded firefighting strategy
drawings and riser diagrams (Appendix D on this report) for additional details.
Water tanks will be provided with water-level detectors designed to initiate supervisory signals whenever the
water-level is less than the required reserve. Water tanks will be provided with dedicated vent. Water tanks within
the buildings will be designed and installed in accordance with provisions of Section 1/1 of GCC Fire Code Part-2
and NFPA 22.

Emergency plans are required for high-rise building where required by the specific occupancy chapters 12 through 7.3 Fire Pump Systems
43, which further requires that the plans shall be prepared in accordance with the requirements in NFPA 101,
Section 4.2. The emergency plans shall include the following information:
The fire pump systems for the entire Zone S9 project (Podium S09 and Towers SR7A, SR7B, SR3) consist of
eight (8) pumps. There will be a set of primary and standby electric pumps for each tower and podium. The set of
 Emergency procedures
pumps serving the podium are located in Basement 3 level. The set of pumps for each tower are located in the
 Methods
 Preferred evacuation routes for each event, including appropriate use of elevators Upper Technical 1 of each tower. Table 7-3 shows a summary of the fire pumps. Please note that the final fire
pumps size located in Zone S09 will be determined during shop drawings preparation.
Special consideration should also be given to life safety systems including, but not limited to:
 Movement of occupants to safety TABLE 7-3. Fire Pump Schedule
 Control of fire and smoke
 Psychological features Fire Pump Schedule
 Communications systems
 Elevators Location Tower Flow (gpm) Head (m) Fire pump set no.
 Emergency planning, and
 Overall system reliability
Upper Technical 1 SR7A 1000 92 1 (2 pumps)
The objective of the emergency plan is to protect the occupants, maintain structural integrity and ensure systems Upper Technical 1 SR7B 1000 92 1 (2 pumps)
effectiveness. In the event of various types of emergencies including but not limited to fire, weather, medical,
power loss, chemical, bomb threats or other hazards. The plan may further define Individual roles and Upper Technical 1 SR3 1000 92 1 (2 pumps)
responsibilities, notification, warning, and communications procedures, information about the location and use of
common emergency equipment and emergency shutdown procedures. Location at Podium Flow (gpm) Head (m) Fire pump set no.

Basement 3 1000 113 1 (2 pumps)

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All pumps will be connected to a single suction manifold from the water tanks. Main electrical wiring and the referenced in Section 4/1/3/2 in GCC Fire Code Part-2 and NFPA 13, Chapters 5 and 21. Hose demand will be
separate standby power wiring for the fire pump controllers will be protected by a 2 hour rated assembly. The fire added to the calculated sprinkler water in accordance with Section 11.1.6.4 in NFPA 13.
pumps will be designed and installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 2/2 of GCC Fire Code Part-2,
NFPA 20, and NFPA 70. The automatic sprinkler system design criteria will be in accordance with the following table:

The fire pump assemblies will be sized to provide the required fire water demand for the water-based fire Space Hazard Design Density Operational Area Total Combined
suppression systems including automatic sprinkler systems and standpipe systems. The pump will be sized based Classification
on the hydraulic calculations and water demand requirements referenced in GCC Fire Code Part-2, NFPA 13, Inside and
NFPA 14, and NFPA 20. Outside Hose
gpm/ft2 mm/min m2 ft2 Demand (gpm)
The fire pump system assembly and components will be UL listed and FM approved as required by Section
B2/2/5/3 in GCC Fire Code Part-2. Fire pump controllers and electrical installations and connections to the fire Restaurants Light Hazard 0.10 4.1 1500 139 100
alarm panel will be in accordance with Appendix A for Section 2/2 in GCC Fire Code Part-2, NFPA 20, NFPA 70, seating areas
and NFPA 72. Specifications and performance of the fire pump assemblies including pipes, valves and fittings
depending on the type of the fire pump assemblies will be in accordance with specifications required in Appendix Office Light Hazard 0.10 4.1 1500 139 100
B of section 2/2 in GCC Fire Code Part-2. Additional special fire pump specification requirements referenced in
Chapters 5, 6, and 7 in NFPA 20 will be also applicable. An additional jockey pump will be stored on site for quick Guest room Light Hazard 0.10 4.1 1500 139 100
replacement.
Mechanical Ordinary Hazard- 1 0.15 6.1 1500 139 250
7.4 Civil Defense Hydrants and Connection Points rooms

External fire hydrants will be utilized for firefighter operations. The hydrants will be pillar-type and will be provided Parking Ordinary hazard – 1 0.15 6.1 1500 139 250
at Road A and Road B. Refer to the approved Site Infrastructure and Utilities Master Plan - Fire Strategy Report,
dated 26 March 2013 for location of hydrant location, spacing, and fire department access roads. Laundry Ordinary Hazard -1 0.15 6.1 1500 139 250

Civil Defense connection points (breeching inlets) in the buildings will be provided for automatic sprinkler systems, Storage but do Ordinary Hazard- 2 0.2 8.1 1500 139 250
standpipe systems. Every connection point will have between 2 to 4 connections sized at 100-150 mm as required not exceed 12ft
in Section 2/1/8/1 in GCC Fire Code Part-2. The connection points will be labeled to indicate the systems and the (3.66 m) of height
zones which they serve in accordance with NFPA 24, Section 5.9.5. Each connection point will be equipped with
individual check valves that will allow each hose to be disconnected independently. The breeching inlets for S09 Kitchen Ordinary Hazard -1 0.15 6.1 1500 139 250
will be located along Road A and Road B. Refer to the Civil Access Drawings for exact location. Refer to Section
10 for further discussion. The podium floor plate will be served by three fire sprinkler zones per floor. Each sprinkler control zone will have a
floor control assembly that regulates the wet fire sprinkler system pressure and provides pressure gages, water
Note: Due to the height of the building and the limited capacity of the Civil Defense fire truck to lift water flow switches, shutoff valves, and test & drain valves.
beyond 60 meters, the use of breeching inlets supplying the podium zones only was recommended by
Civil Defense. Clear notes/signs of each breeching inlet shall be provided depending on the final design Refer to the color coded firefighting strategy drawings for location of these systems. . Final design layout and
layout. calculations will be developed by the contractor and submitted to Aon for review and approval.

7.5 Automatic Sprinkler Systems (Podium and Towers)
An electrically supervised wet-automatic sprinkler system will be provided throughout S09 as required for high-rise
buildings in accordance with GCC Fire Code Part-1. Automatic we fire sprinkler system will not be provided in
electrical closet rooms and telephone rooms. However, these rooms will be provided with a clean agent fire
suppression system.
The wet-rise automatic sprinkler systems will be designed, installed, maintained and supervised in accordance
with the most stringent requirements in NFPA 13 and Section 4/1 of GCC Fire Code Part-2. The water demand for
automatic sprinkler system is hydraulically calculated in accordance with NFPA 13, Section 22.3 and Section 22.4.
The density/area curves will be used in accordance with Figure 4/1-1 in GCC Fire Code Part-2 and Figure
11.2.3.1.1 in NFPA 13. The hazard classification will be based on hazard group classification for protected areas
7.6 Standpipe System
The standpipe system for the entire project will be interconnected at the lower podium level and at the top of each
tower. The towers will have two stairs and each stair will have a standpipe riser with a Class I, 65 mm hose valve
connection.
Listed pressure regulating stations will control the system pressure to 7 bar (100 psi). Bypass check valves will be
provided around the pressure regulating stations to allow the fire pumper truck(s) to pressurize the high pressure
zone during firefighting and to refill the tower water tanks. Pressure monitoring switches will indicate to the fire
alarm control panel when a high pressure condition exists. The standpipe and hose system shall be installed to
provide full coverage in accordance with section 3/3/6/2 and section 3/3/6/3/1 in GCC Fire Code Part-2 and NFPA
14, Section 7.3.2. Standpipes will be provided in the following areas:

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 At the main floor landing exit stairways
 On each side of the wall adjacent to the exit openings of horizontal exits
 In each exit passageway at the entrance from the building areas to the passageways.
 The fire strategy for Class I standpipe will follow NFPA 14 Section 7.3.2.2:
 Where the most remote portion of a sprinklered floor or story is located in excess of 200 ft (61 m) of travel
distance from a required exit containing or adjacent to a hose connection, additional hose connections shall
be provided.
 1-inch hose reels will flow the spacing of GCC/NFPA 14 for standpipe Class II Section 7.3.3.1:
 For hose connection provided with less than 1-1⁄2 in. (40 mm) hose, the hose reels stations must be spaced
so that all portions of each floor level of the building are within 120 ft (36.6 m).
 Note: GCC requires hose stations to cover (30 meter of hose) plus 6 meter of water spray. Thus, the design
team must follow a spacing of 36m to have a conservative design acceptable to Civil Defense.
Refer to the color coded firefighting strategy drawings for location of these systems. . Final design layout and
calculations will be developed by the contractor and submitted to Aon for review and approval.
7.7 Clean Agent Suppression Systems
A gaseous (FM 200) clean agent suppression systems will be provided for telecom rooms and the under-floor
space, electrical closets as noted in the IFC drawings. Addition locations will be coordinate with Owner/Hotel
Operator during shop drawings review and Civil Defense approval. Refer to the color coded firefighting strategy
drawings for location of these systems. . Final design layout and calculations will be developed by the contractor
and submitted to Aon for review and approval.
The clean agent suppression systems will be a listed system including the suppression agent stored in
pressurized tanks, pipes, valves, and discharge nozzles. The system control panel will be designed to provide the
required design concentration referenced in Section 4/8/6/5 in GCC Fire Code Part-2 and Sections 5.4 and 5.5 in
NFPA 2001.
The discharge time for the system based on 20% safety factor will be not more than 10 seconds in order to
achieve 95% of the required design concentration. The type of nozzles selected, their number, and their
placement will be such that the design concentration will be established in all parts of the hazard enclosure in
accordance with Section 5.8.2 in NFPA 2001.
The flame extinguishing concentration for class B fuels will be determined by the cup burner method referenced in
Appendix B in NFPA 2001 as referenced in Section 4/8/6/4 in GCC Fire Code Part-2 and Section 5.4.2 in NFPA
2001. The flame extinguishing concentration for class A fuels will be determined in accordance with by test as part
of the listing program and will conform to UL 2127 or UL 2166. The system will be designed to avoid unwanted
discharge through a supervised disconnection switch.
The pipes will be in accordance with Section 4.2.1 in NFPA 2001 and will be from noncombustible materials other
than cast iron as referenced in Section 4/8/5/4 in GCC Fire Code Part-2 having physical and chemical
characteristics such that integrity under predictable stress. The storage containers will be located to be accessible
for inspection, testing, recharging, and other maintenance activities and will be located as close to the hazard as
possible. The thickness of the piping will be calculated in accordance with ASME B31.1, including B31.1a 1999
addenda and B31.1b addenda. The internal pressure will not be less than normal discharging pressure in agent
container at 21°C or 85% of maximum pressure in the container at maximum storage temperature not less than
55°C.
7.8 Foam-Water Spray System
A Foam-Water Spray System will be provided for fuel tank. The foam-water spray system will be a listed system
including the foam tank, proportioning system, piping, valves, pipe fittings, and hangers, detection, actuation,
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
alarm, control system, and spray nozzle. The system will be designed for Class B fires (flammable liquids). The
foam system will be an Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF), foam concentrate 3%, foam discharge duration for
10 minutes. The foam-water density will not be less than 0.16 gpm/ft2 (6.5 mm/m2). The final design will be based
on hydraulic calculations as referenced in Chapter 6 and 7 of NFPA 16 and chapter 5 of NFPA 11. Refer to the
color coded firefighting strategy drawings for location of these systems. Refer to the color coded firefighting
strategy drawings for location of these systems. . Final design layout and calculations will be developed by the
contractor and submitted to Aon for review and approval.
7.9 Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems
Wet chemical extinguishing systems will be provided for all kitchen hoods. The wet chemical fire protection will be
a listed system including the wet chemical stored in cylinder, detectors, discharge nozzles, manual actuators,
indicators, pipe and fittings, tubing, hose, shut off devices. The system will be designed to provide the required
design objectives and calculations referenced in Chapter 5 of NFPA 17A. The design will follow the
manufacturer’s recommendations. The kitchen hood suppression system will and listed and approval by UL 300.
Refer to the color coded firefighting strategy drawings for location of these systems. . Final design layout and
calculations will be developed by the contractor and submitted to Aon for review and approval.
7.10 Water Mist Fire Protection System
A water mist fire protection will be provided for elevator machine rooms as required by Owner/Hotel Operator.
Addition locations will be coordinate with Owner/Hotel Operator during shop drawings review and Civil Defense
approval.
The water mist fire protection will be a listed system including the water tank, pipes, valves, air or nitrogen stored
in pressurized cylinder, pump unit, detection, actuation, alarm, control system, air compressor and discharge
sprinkler and spray nozzle. The system will be designed to provide the required design objectives and calculations
referenced in Chapter 8 and 9 of NFPA 750. The design will follow manufacturer’s test criteria and approvals (i.e.
Vds, FM, UL, CEA 4001). Refer to the color coded firefighting strategy drawings for location of these systems.
Final design layout and calculations will be developed by the contractor and submitted to Aon for review and
approval.
7.11 Fire Extinguishers
Jabal Omar S09 podium and towers are required to be provided with manual fire extinguishers in accordance with
Tables for special occupancy requirements in GCC Fire Code. The type of fire extinguishers will be selected in
accordance with section Table 2-1 in GCC Code Part-1 and chapter 5 in NFPA 10. Spacing between fire
2
extinguishers will not exceed 20m and there will be at least one extinguisher for every 200 m .
8. Fire Alarm/Emergency Communication Systems
The following describes the design approach and equipment required for the installation of a new fire alarm
detection and control system for the SR7A, SR7B and SR3 high rise Towers and the S9 Podium of the Jabal
Omar Development Project. This information is to be used to prepare the design documents for the automatic fire
alarm, detection, and notification systems.
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8.1 Fire Alarm Strategy
The fire alarm strategy for the Jabal Omar Development includes the use of fire alarm notification and detection
systems to protect the infrastructure of the S9 high-rise podium supporting SR7A, SR7B and SR3. Podium areas
consist of the commercial and parking levels as well as the SR7A, SR7B and SR3high-rise residential towers.
The purpose of these systems is to provide for the detection and notification capabilities for all areas of the
structure.
The fire alarm notification and detection strategy will require both automatic and manually activated initiating
devices. Initiating devices for the fire alarm and detection systems will be intelligent point- addressable type
devices such as smoke detectors, smoke alarms, multi-criteria detectors, and heat detectors. Addressable input
modules will be required for monitoring manual call points and non-addressable input devices or output points
from suppression systems such as clean agent gaseous suppression, or water based suppression systems.
Addressable input modules will also be required for monitoring fan blade and damper positions.
Addressable output modules will also be required for the control of interfacing equipment such as release of door
hold open devices, access control, mechanical equipment control, smoke control activation, fan and damper
actuation, and other required life-safety functions.
Occupant notification will consist of visual and audible notification devices. Audible notification capabilities will be
equipped with digital voice pre-recorded messages in Arabic, and English as is common throughout Makkah.
Speakers installed in all publicly accessible and common use areas will be provided with an intelligible, voice-
messaging system. This system is designed to provide at least 15 decibels (dba) above the average ambient
sound levels in all occupied areas. Since the voice system may not be intelligible in loud areas as kitchens and
certain service rooms where ambient noise levels exceed 85dba, visual notification will be used in such spaces.
Horns will also be utilized as a means of notification. Areas utilizing horns in lieu of speakers will provide temporal
code signaling will be synchronized so that they do not interfere with the voice evacuation speakers or live
announcements from the fire fighter’s microphone located within any fire command room.
Guestrooms will be equipped with speakers that will alert occupants to evacuate. Occupants will hear the digital
voice pre-recorded voice evacuation message which will provide direction for evacuation. Designated hearing
impaired rooms will be equipped with visual notification which will operate during both guestroom smoke alarm
actuation and general floor alarm actuation.
8.1.1 Provision of Automatic Fire Alarm and Detection Systems
The automatic fire alarm notification and detection systems with the required initiation, notification, and
communication, and associated fire and life safety systems will be installed where required in compliance with
NFPA 101 2009 Edition, NFPA 5000 2009 Edition, NFPA 72 2010 Edition for high-rise areas. Operator Fire Life
Safety Standards exceeding NFPA requirements will also apply.
NFPA requires guestroom corridor smoke detection for hotels, but does not require area detection throughout.
Area detection which exceeds NFPA requirements may be provided where ambient conditions permit.
8.1.2 Network Control Equipment
The notification system design will also provide the ability for selective paging and evacuation capabilities to
predefined zones or areas within each building or throughout the entire complex. Audible paging messages will
need to be provided in the same languages used on signage throughout Makkah.
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
The design approach for the Jabal Omar detection and control systems includes the installation of networked
point-addressable type Fire Alarm Control Units (FACU) for the Residential Towers and Podium areas included as
part of this report.
All fire alarm and detection systems for the Podium and Towers will be connected to the S9 Command Center
Monitoring System Room (CCMS). The alarm notification and detection systems will report all alarm, trouble or
supervisory fire alarm signals to the Jabal Omar Main Command Control Center (MCCC).
The FACU’s will be required to be of the same manufacturer Edwards System Technology (EST-3) and capable of
peer-to peer networked communication between each system and the Jabal Omar MCCC of the project. The
network shall also be designed to provide control capabilities such as alarm acknowledgement, silence, or reset
abilities from any FACU on the network and capable of independent stand-alone operation for each area in the
event of any network communication failure.
8.1.3 Circuits and Pathways
Wiring circuits that are monitored, supervised, controlled, and powered by the fire alarm systems will be required
to be designed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 70 and NFPA 72 and the applicable codes and
standards for this project. The fire alarm notification and detection systems shall test free of all grounds in
accordance with NFPA 72 Chapter 12.4.3. Circuit wiring shall be designed as Class and Pathway circuits as
defined by NFPA 72.
The following outlines the minimum class designations required for the fire alarm notification and detection
circuits:
 Network Connections between FACU panels: Class A, or Class X
 Signaling Line Circuits (SLC): Class B, Pathway Survivability Level 1
 Communications or Notification Circuits: Class B, Pathway Survivability Level 2
 Non Addressable Monitored Device Circuits: Class B, Pathway Survivability Level 1
Pathway survivability minimum for initiation circuits is Level 1survivibility. Survivability Level 2 is required for all
fire alarm communications serving or passing through more than one smoke zone or more than 2 floors in a
system using zoned or partial evacuation. is required to have minimum 2-hour survivability as defined in NFPA 72
12.4.3. The design of the pathways (interconnections) will be required to be in compliance with NFPA 70 and will
include performance requirements to demonstrate survivability from attack by fire.
All fire alarm control equipment, including devices, appliances, and associated devices that are supervised will
be required to be monitored for the integrity of the interconnecting conductors, or equivalent paths, so that the
occurrence of a single open or a single ground-fault condition in the installation conductors or other signaling
channels is automatically indicated within 200 second.
8.1.4 Sequence of Operation
A general sequence of operation for the fire alarm and the associated life safety systems is illustrated in the cause
and effect matrices shown in Appendix A.
Positive alarm sequence operation will be used for all automatic detection devices as described in NFPA 72
23.8.1.3.1.1. This sequence permits a signal from the first detector in alarm to sound an audible/visual signal at
the CCMS. Operators will then 15 seconds to acknowledge the alarm. If the alarm is not acknowledged within 15
seconds an audible and visual alarm signal will be actuated on the floor of alarm, one floor above and one floor
below the alarm floor. Once the acknowledged train personal will have 180 seconds to investigate and evaluate
the alarm condition and reset the panel. If no reset occurs within the 180 seconds an evacuation sequence will be
actuated. If a second detector is activated during the alarm investigation period, the evacuation sequence will be
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actuated. Waterflow switch and manual call point actuated anywhere on the premise will immediately activate the
evacuation sequence.
8.1.5 Public Emergency Alarm Reporting Systems
The performance, installation, and operation of public emergency alarm reporting systems and auxiliary alarm
systems will be designed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72 24.4.2.27. The reporting system must
meet the secondary power requirements as outlined in NFPA 72, Chapter 24. This shall include systems that use
a communications infrastructure that is publicly owned, operated, and controlled or where public emergency alarm
reporting systems and equipment are used in other applications
8.1.6 Emergency Communication Systems
Emergency communications systems are designed and used to provide automatic and manual communications
information about emergencies. Two-way telephone jacks shall be provided at each elevator lobby, within each
elevator car, in the elevator machine rooms, and each floor level inside the exit stair, fire pump rooms, elevator
machine rooms, generator rooms and emergency power and standby power rooms as required by NFPA
72.24.5.1.11.
Two-way communications circuits shall be selectable from the command center either individual or by floor or
stairwell. Command for the emergency communications is located in the CCMS rooms and will be designed in
accordance with the requirements of NFPA 5000, Chapter 33.
8.1.7 Voice Messaging System
A Voice Messaging System (VMS) is required to be an integral part of each FACU and will be required to include
a paging microphone that has the ability to provide one-way voice communication. It also utilizes digital pre-
recorded messages transmitted to all defined alarm zones within the areas served by speakers. The VMS for
each system will also be required to have capabilities for selective paging by defined alarm zone and have an “all
call” feature to allow all defined alarm zones to be paged simultaneously.
Audio amplifiers for the VMS will be required to be provided in centrally located areas. The power output of the
amplifiers must be sized to provide required speakers, plus spare watts per zone for future expansion. All
amplifiers will require electrical supervision and listed for fire alarm signaling use.
The secondary power supply for the emergency voice alarm communications is supplied from the emergency
generator. Service will be required to be capable of operating the system under no-load or standby conditions for
a minimum of 24 hours and then be capable of operating the system under an emergency condition for a period of
15 minutes at the maximum connected load in compliance with NFPA 72, Chapter 24.
8.1.8 Fire Alarm Control Equipment
Each fire alarm control unit (FACU) will be required to have its own microprocessor and memory, and capable of
supervising each individual device or loop circuit such that any trouble, normal, alarm, or supervisory outputs are
individually annunciated through the network system. Each loop circuit will be required to provide a minimum of
10 percent expansion capability for each addressable loop to provide future expansion capabilities and
construction changes. The main memory system will be required to provide display, printout, and control of 150
percent of the actual alarm and command points for each system. All basic alarm and control software will be
included. Each FACU will be required to be capable of on-site programming and all data entered will reside in the
system. FACU shall comply with the installation guidelines referenced in the NFPA 70 and NFPA 72.
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Each system will be required to have an on-board system-operating terminal (OPT) that, at a minimum, will
includes control function keys, digital display window programming keys, and lockout capabilities. The OPT will
also be required indicate the present system status, time, and date on the visible display at all times. The OPT
will be required to allow the ability to perform control-related tasks, acknowledge or reset alarm events, and
provide by-pass functions through programmable password protected access levels.
Normal operating power for each FACU will be required to be fed from a dedicated 220 VAC, single-phase, 60 Hz
circuit supplied from a power panel connected to an emergency power source. Battery backup, capable of
providing a minimum of 24 hours of standby power to operate all alarm notification appliances as prescribed by
NFPA 72, will also be required.
8.1.9 Remote Annunciation and Control
Remote fire alarm annunciators will be required at defined locations to aid in responding to alarm events. The
annunciators will indicate the present system status, time and date on a visible liquid crystal display (LCD) display
at all times, and allow the ability to acknowledge or reset alarm events through programmable password-protected
access levels.
8.1.10 Fire Alarm Power Supplies
Fire alarm power supplies will be required to provide synchronized 24-volt output circuits for visual notification
appliances. Normal operating power for each FACU will be from dedicated 220 VAC, single-phase, 60 Hz circuits
supplied from a building distribution power panel. Battery backup, capable of providing a minimum of 24 hours of
standby power to operate all alarm notification appliances as prescribed by NFPA 72 will be required. All power
supplies will provide a minimum of 20% spare capacity and be monitored for fault conditions by the FACU.
Power supplies shall be mechanically protected and dedicated VAC 220 single-phase circuits shall be identified at
both the power supply and the power distribution panel as required by NFPA 72 Chapter 10.5.
8.2 Initiating Devices
Intelligent alarm initiating devices for the fire alarm notification and detection systems will include point
addressable input devices such as smoke detectors, heat detectors, combination and multi-criteria detectors.
Detector type was selected based on the detector’s anticipated response to the following conditions:
 Ceiling shape and surface
 Ceiling height
 Configuration of contents in the protected area
 Combustion characteristics and probable equivalence ratio of the anticipated fires involving the fuel loads
within the protected area
 Compartment ventilation
 Ambient temperature, pressure, altitude, humidity, and atmosphere
Addressable manual call points will be installed. Addressable input modules will be required for monitoring non-
addressable input devices such as output points from supplementary systems such as sprinkler system control
valves or other suppression systems.
The devices in both the logic circuitry and the communication circuitry will be protected by software against
undesirable effects from proximate electrical and electronic devices such as hand held radios and cellular
telephones. Care should be taken not to install wiring directly on top of fluorescent light fixtures, variable
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frequency motor controllers, and other sources of RF interference. Selection, distribution, and spacing of the
initiating devices shall be in accordance with the requirements set forth in NFPA 72 Chapter 17.
All initiating devices will be required to be installed in accordance with Chapter 17 of NFPA 72. Activation of any
initiating device shall annunciate the point address, alarm zone, and device location at the FACU and in the
CCMS.
8.2.1 Manual Call Points
Manual call points will be required at all exits from each building. Manual call points are also provided on each
floor at each exit stairwell. Additional manual call points will be installed when horizontal travel distances exceed
60m. All manual call points shall be a double-action type device and clearly identified for use as a fire alarm
initiating point. Activation of each manual call point shall annunciate the point address, alarm zone, and device
location at the FACU and in the CCMS. Installation of the manual call points shall be in accordance with Chapter
17.14 of NFPA 72.
8.2.2 Smoke Alarms
All guestrooms are equipped with single-station or multiple-station smoke alarms containing an integral sounder
base horn. This sounder base horn will actuate only when the guestroom smoke alarm is in alarm. Where
guestrooms are equipped with more than one smoke alarm, upon activation of any guestroom smoke alarm all
smoke alarm sounder base horns within the same guestroom must actuate. The sounder bases must reset
automatically once the smoke has cleared.
All single-station or multiple-station smoke alarms shall be in accordance with NFPA 101, Chapter 9.6.2.10., and
NFPA 72 Chapters 3.3.176 and 29. The detectors are required to be listed for use in accordance with ANSI/IEEE
C2, National Electrical Safety Code, 2007. ANSI/UL 217, Standard for Single and Multiple Station Smoke Alarms,
2006, revised 2008.
NFPA 101, Chapter 9.6.2.10.3 states where two or more smoke alarms are required within a guestroom unit,
suite of rooms, or similar area, they shall be arranged so that operation of any smoke alarm shall cause the alarm
in all smoke alarms within the guestroom, suite of rooms, or similar area to sound. Remote annunciation is
provided at the fire alarm annunciator to identify any room where smoke detectors are in alarm. Detectors will be
remotely monitored at CCMS and will indicate a supervisory audible and visual signal at the fire alarm panel.
8.2.3 Smoke Detectors
Where required, smoke detectors will be installed and used to prevent smoke spread by initiating control of fans,
dampers, doors, and other equipment in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72, Chapter 17. The
detectors are required to be listed for use as open area protective coverage and will be insensitive to air velocity
changes.
Smoke detectors are used for the control of air moving equipment in accordance with the requirements of NFPA
90A, Chapter 6.4. In-duct smoke sampling equipment shall be mounted in a compatible housing, or in compliance
with the manufacturer’s specifications. These detectors shall be specifically programmable as in-duct smoke
detection in the software database. Smoke detectors listed for use in air distribution systems shall be installed to
restrict the circulation of smoke and located as follows:
 Downstream of the air filters and ahead of any branch connections in air supply systems having a
capacity greater than 944 L/sec (2000 ft3/min).
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
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Makkah, Saudi Arabia
 At each story prior to the connection to a common return and prior to any recirculation or fresh air inlet
connection in air return systems having a capacity greater than 7080 L/sec (15,000 ft3/min) and serving
more than one story
The location of a duct detector will be identified at the CCMS in the English language display window. Smoke
detectors that are used exclusively for door release will be located and spaced in accordance with the
requirements of NFPA 72, Chapter 17.7.4.
Smoke detection will also be used to initiate firefighter’s primary and alternate recall service, smoke-control
systems and control of the buildings elevator equipment. Smoke detectors will be located in each elevator lobby,
machine room, and at the top of the elevator shafts if sprinklered in accordance with the requirements of NFPA
72, Chapter 17.
Smoke detectors are required for residential hotel corridors in the high-rise towers buildings and in heating and
air-condition handling units by NFPA. Smoke detectors shall be photoelectric or combination heat and
photoelectric smoke detectors for all corridor and area detection. Area smoke detection exceeding NFPA
requirements may include the following locations for this project:
 Mechanical Rooms
 Electrical Rooms
 Telecommunication Rooms
 Restaurants
 Commercial Spaces
 Storage Rooms
 Access Corridors
 Back of House Corridors
Smoke detectors will be point addressable, programmable by the control panel, controlled by the detector
electronics, and provide remote indicating LEDs. Detectors will be assigned a sensitivity level for alarm threshold
by the central controller, if not programmed to respond to a specific fire occupancy profile, based on environment,
time of day, or other programmable functions. The detectors will also respond at the level assigned whether in the
online or default mode. Activation of each smoke detector shall annunciate the point address, alarm zone, and
device location at the FACU and in the CCMS.
8.2.4 Combination and Multi-Criteria Detectors
Combination detectors which gather analog data information from 2 different fire sensing elements (photoelectric
and heat temperature) convert analog data into digital signals and analyzes the data signal to reduce the
likelihood of false alarms. Multi-criteria detectors gather information from more than 2 different sensing elements.
These devices were specified in areas where nuisance alarms were more likely to occur such as electrical closets
and trolley rooms.
Multi-criteria detectors are intelligent, point addressable devices. Programmable by the control panel, these
detectors provide onboard indicating LEDs. Detectors will be assigned a sensitivity level for alarm threshold by
the central controller, if not programmed to respond to a specific fire occupancy profile, based on environment,
time of day, or other programmable functions. The detectors will also respond at the level assigned whether in the
online or default mode. Activation of each smoke detector shall annunciate the point address, alarm zone, and
device location at the FACU and in the CCMS.
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8.2.5 Heat Detectors
Point addressable heat detectors will be required for areas requiring detection that are not environmentally suited
for smoke detectors. Heat detectors will be programmable by the control panel, and rated at 58 degrees Celsius
and 15 degrees per minute rate of rise. Heat detectors will be constructed to compensate for the thermal inertia
inherent in conventional type detectors due to the thermal mass, and alarm at the set point of 58 degrees Celsius.
The choice of alarm reporting as a fixed temperature detector or a combination of fixed and rate of rise will be
made in system software and be changeable at any time without the necessity of hardware replacement.
Intelligent heat detectors will have a listed spacing for coverage up to 15 meters spacing and will be installed for
open coverage according to the manufacturer’s listed spacing requirements of NFPA 72, Chapter 17.
Addressable fixed temperature and rate of rise type heat detectors used in in elevator machine rooms to shut
down elevator power prior to sprinkler operation will require a heat detector mounted within 610mm of each
sprinkler, operating at a lower temperature rating than the sprinkler. Heat detection may also be provided where
atmospheric conditions are not suitable for smoke detection devices. Activation of each heat detector shall
annunciate the point address, alarm zone, and device location at the FACU and in the CCMS.
8.2.6 Addressable Input Monitoring Modules
Addressable input monitoring modules required by NFPA are necessary to monitor conventional type initiating
devices such as sprinkler control valves, clean agent suppression systems, remote power supplies, damper blade
positions, and similar alarm initiating device relays or contacts in accordance with NFPA 72 Chapter 17.12 and 21.
The monitoring modules will provide electrical supervision of monitored devices and will be capable of performing
programmed logic control functions. Activation of each addressable input point shall annunciate the point address,
alarm zone, and device location at the FACU and in the CCMS.
8.2.7 Addressable Output Control Relay Modules
Addressable output control modules will be required to provide control for devices such as door releasing or
unlocking, HVAC shutdown, damper control, elevator control, or similar alarm output requirements in accordance
with NFPA 72 Chapter 21.7. The output control relays will be addressable and capable of providing dry-contact
Form C type relay control.
8.3 Occupant Notification
Occupant notification capabilities for the project will require both audible and visual notification appliances
installed in accordance with NFPA 72, Chapter 18.4 and 18.5. Audible notification capability will include pre-
recorded voice messages. Public mode notification will provide the minimum sound pressure level announcement
tones that are 5dba above the maximum ambient or 15 dba over ambient sound levels, whichever is greater.
8.3.1 Audible Notification
The emergency voice alarm-signaling speaker units and horns will be dedicated for fire alarm system use, and
have multi-tap matching transformers providing individual audio power settings from 1/4 watt to at least 2 watts for
ceiling or wall mounted speakers. Speakers for large open areas, such as the concourse levels, may have multi-
tap individual audio power settings from 1 watt to at least 8 watts for each speaker.
Horns where provided shall be operated on 24-volt DC power. Both wall and ceiling mounted devices will be
installed. Where provided horns shall not interfere with the voice evacuation message. Mounting will be flush in
finished areas and surface in unfinished areas. Horns will be provided in each guestroom for notification. Horns
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
will cycle with the voice message so that once occupants have left the guestrooms they will be able to clearly hear
the voice evacuation message.
All speakers will be white. Wiring for all notification circuits will include provisions to meet the survivability
requirements as outlined in NFPA 72.Chapter 18.4. The standard evacuation signal shall be synchronized within a
notification zone ( NFPA 72, 18.4.2.5 )and shall meet the voice intelligibility requirements of NFPA 72 18.4.10.
The fire alarm signal will include the capability to provide intelligible manual or automatic voice announcements.
Automatic digital voice announcements will be actuated within the floor of alarm and the floors directly above and
below the floor of alarm. Manual override announcements using the fire alarm panel’s built-in microphone may be
activated by speaker zone or by the all call feature on the voice announcement panel. The notification zones for
each building level shall be soft touch buttons located on the front of the FACU.
8.3.2 Visual Notification
Fire alarm strobe notification appliances will be provided where visual notification is required by NFPA 101, 9.6.3.5
“American National Standard for Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities”. Occupied common spaces
utilized by guests and staff will be provided with visual notification. Candela and spacing requirements for visual
notification will be compliant with NFPA 72 Tables 18.5.4.3.1(a) and (b), and corridor spacing requirements as
required by NFPA 72.18.5.4.4.
Since specific guestrooms are designated for the hearing impaired, only these specific rooms will be equipped
with visual notification devices in sleeping, living and bathrooms. The voice system may not be intelligible in loud
areas as kitchens and service rooms where ambient noise levels meet or exceed 105dba. Fire alarm strobe
appliances will be installed in such areas as permitted by NFPA 72.
The appliances will operate on 24-volt DC polarized power to allow for supervision and capable of synchronized
outputs. The visual alarm appliances will be required to contain a strobe light source and sturdy translucent lens
compliant with UL 1971. Standard finish will be white. Power supplies for the strobe units will be required to be
supervised for fault conditions and installed in centrally located areas. Mounting requirements for all visual
devices will be required to be in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72, Chapter 18.5.
Visual notification is not required in stairwell or elevator cars by NFPA 101, 9.6.3.5.5. and 9.6.3.5.6. Visual
notification is also not required by NFPA 101, 9.3.6.5.1 in areas not subject to occupancy by the hearing impaired.
8.4 Interlocks with Other Systems
The following are interlock controls that will require coordination with the fire alarm and detection design in
accordance with NFPA 72, Chapter 21.
8.4.1 Mechanical Control
The fire alarm and detection system shall be capable of providing control interlocks for the activation of
mechanical shutdown, damper controls, and activation of the tunnel smoke-control systems. NFPA 72, Chapter
21.7 addresses the requirements for interfacing with mechanical control equipment.
8.4.2 Releasing Service Fire Alarm Control Units
The fire alarm and detection system will be required to provide monitoring for all independent releasing service
FACU’s that are used for the control of electrically monitored and controlled suppression systems, such as clean
agent suppression systems, CO2 suppression, or dry-pipe sprinkler systems. All supplemental systems are
required be monitored for alarm, trouble, and supervisory signals in accordance with NFPA 72, Chapter 21.
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8.4.3 Elevator Shutdown
Heat detectors will be used to shut down elevator power prior to sprinkler operation are addressed in NFPA 72
Chapter 21.5 and 21.6. Heat detectors shall be placed within 610 mm of each sprinkler head and be installed in
accordance with the requirements of Chapter 21.4. The detector shall have both a lower temperature rating and a
higher sensitivity as compared to the sprinkler. Coordination will be required during the design phase to verify
compliance with approved codes and standards.
8.4.4 Access Control and Security Systems
Access control or security systems door locks compliant with NFPA 101 7.2.1.6.3.will require interlocks with the
building fire alarm system for unlocking exit doors. Doors requiring connection to the fire alarm system must
unlock prior to or concurrent with occupant notification and shall remain unlocked until the FACU is reset as
required by NFPA 72 Chapter 21.8.
9. Smoke Control Systems
The following Smoke Control Strategy has been developed with the support of advance computer modeling,
including Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). A technical smoke control rational analysis report and supporting
computer model results are included in the Exhibit 1 and Exhibit 2.
9.1 Smoke Control Strategy and Design Concept
The intent of smoke-control is to limit the migration of hazardous amounts of smoke to the zone of origin, thereby
providing a tenable environment for the evacuation or relocation of occupants. The system is intended to remain
functional during firefighting operations.
It is a well-established, code-supported principle of fire protection engineering that properly designed and installed
automatic sprinklers will limit smoke production in the event of a fire. While automatic sprinklers respond directly
to the source of the fire, the smoke control system must manage the smoke produced by the fire, which often
migrates away from the source of the fire. Smoke management is therefore meant to be a combination of
1
containment and removal if necessary .
In the case of the Jabal Omar Zone S9, the building is compartmentalized into a series of primarily residential
occupancies in the hotel towers. The podium portion has multiple, separated, mixed occupancies consisting of
retail, storage (i.e. parking garage), and residential (Hotel guestrooms). All these occupancies are connected
vertically by exit stair enclosures and elevator shafts.
The proposed smoke control design seeks to take advantage of this compartmentalization by implementing a
smoke containment strategy. The overall smoke management strategy will utilize a combination of active and
passive components to contain hazardous amounts of smoke to the zone of fire origin. Table 9.1 provides a
summary of these active and passive elements. Refer to Exhibit 1, Smoke Control Rational Analysis Report for a
comprehensive Smoke Control Strategy discussion.
1 nd
Drysdale, D. An Introduction to Fire Dynamics, 2 Edition. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester: 1998. Page 397.
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Table 9-1 Summary of Active and Passive Systems
Active Elements Passive Elements
Opening Protection (smoke dampers, rated doors,
Stair Pressurization Fans
adjustable door sweeps, etc.)
Zoned Smoke Control System (Hotel Corridors) Walls (corridors, occupancy separations, etc.)
Elevator Pressurization Fans for the use of Makkah Residential Units separation (Rated separation between
Civil Defense (MCD) fire fighters Residential Units)
Shafts Enclosures (stair enclosure, elevator hoistway,
Car Park Smoke Removal Systems
mechanical shafts, etc.)
The tower is divided into a series of compartments, or smoke zones (i.e.: separate floor levels), and sub-
compartments, or sub-zones (i.e. individual guestroom units). Typically, each smoke zone is enclosed on all sides
by walls, floors, and ceilings that are referred to as smoke barriers in the code because they are assigned
minimum requirements for tightness of construction as identified in NFPA 5000, Section 8.11.
Openings in these smoke barriers are also equipped with active and passive elements to limit the migration of
smoke. It is important to note that maintenance of a tenable environment within the smoke-control zone of fire
origin is not a requirement. Only walls, floors, and ceilings that are designated as separate smoke zones (not
sub-zones) within a building need to be constructed as smoke barriers. In the hotel towers, each guestroom will
be considered an individual smoke zone, separated from adjacent units and from adjacent floors by horizontal
assemblies and from stairwell and elevator shaft enclosures by fire barriers.
The high rise hotel will be designed to meet the smoke proof exit enclosure requirements of NFPA 5000, Section
33.3.3.1 and Section 11.2.3. Similarly, the GCC Section 3-4/2 requires emergency exit stairs be separated from
the rest of the building by barriers to prevent the spread of the fire and smoke. A minimum positive pressure
differential (12.5 Pa, per Section 5.2, NFPA 92A) will be provided between the alarm zone (smoke zone where the
fire alarm originated) and the exit stair. The resulting positive pressure differentials measured from the exit stair
enclosures to the alarm zone are intended to prevent smoke migration to multiple building levels via these
potential pathways. The occupants in the hotel towers are different that the occupants in the podium areas. The
difference is related to occupants’ alertness during the course of the day. Occupants in the hotel will be asleep
while occupants in the podium (restaurant, mall, etc) will be awake and alert.
An enhanced smoke control system has been developed for the Jabal Omar Projects to address this condition. A
higher degree of safety is proposed for the hotel tower due to the type of occupants. The overall smoke control
strategy takes into consideration the architectural design of the elevators. Elevators are provided without lobbies
in the hotel portion of the towers, while at the same time, the same elevators are provided with lobbies in the
podium area. Essentially, this architectural design condition creates two (2) virtual zones: smoke zone (1) in the
hotel tower where there elevators open directly into the corridors, and smoke zone (2) in the podium where the
elevators are separated with fire/smoke rated lobbies and lobby doors. Refer to Diagram 9.1 for a schematic
representation of this condition.
Computer models were prepared to verify the possibility to provide elevator pressurization throughout the entire
tower (Tower + Podium). However, pressurization of the entire elevator shafts when there are two conditions
(elevators without lobby and elevator with lobbies) created an unbalanced pressure differentials. The proposed
engineered smoke control system will rely in passive separation between the elevator lobbies and the rest of the
podium floors in the virtual zone SEC-2. The virtual zone SEC-1 will rely on the corridor exhaust system to create
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a pressure differential between the elevator doors and the hotel corridor. Based on the computer models, this
engineered smoke control system will be best suited to have a balanced smoke control system.

9.1.1 Hotel on Top of Podium Design Concept (Open Elevator Lobby)

The hotel towers SR7A, SR7B, SR03 will have passenger elevators without lobbies (open directly into the hotel
corridor). Essentially, the hotel corridor acts as a larger elevator lobby. The elevators connect the hotel tower
floors to the podium levels floors. Refer to Diagram 9.1.1 for a typical guest room floors. Protection of elevator
hoist-ways (smoke-proof) will be provided using fire rated elevator doors (Diagram 9.1.2) and a zone smoke
control system (corridor exhaust system). The corridor exhaust system will keep the corridor under negative
pressure in relation to the elevator shaft (12.5 Pa) thus, preventing smoke from entering the elevator shafts.
Pressurization of the core passenger elevators will not be provided.

DIAGRAM 9.1.1: Open Elevator Lobbies (SR7A, SR7B, SR03)

Fire Rated Doors

DIAGRAM 9.1: Hotel On Top of Podium – 2 Virtual smoke zones DIAGRAM 9.1.2: Fire Rated Elevator Doors (SR7A, SR7B, SR03)

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As an enhanced smoke control design, the hotel corridors will be further separated using a zoned smoke control
system. The zoned smoke control system includes exhaust of the fire corridor. Refer to Figure 9.1.2 for a graphic
representation of the proposed smoke control strategy.
DIAGRAM 9.1.4: Corridor Exhaust and Elevator Shaft Design Concept
9.1.2 Hotel on Top of Podium Design Concept (Firefighter Elevator Lobby)
The hotel towers SR7A, SR7B, SR03 and podiums will be provided with dedicated firefighting elevators. The
firefighting elevators will be provided with lobbies. The fire/smoke rated lobbies and lobby doors provide protection
to prevent smoke from entering into the firefighting elevator shafts. To further enhance the smoke control system,
a positive pressure differential between the elevator hoist-way and the elevator lobby will be provided by
pressurizing the elevator shaft. A minimum positive pressure differential (12.5 Pa, per Section 5.2, NFPA 92A) will
be provided between the elevator door and the lobby.
9.1.3 Podium
The 2 podium and common areas above the parking floors will be separated at each floor by horizontal
assemblies and from stairwell and elevator shaft enclosures by fire barriers. Each level will be considered an
individual smoke zone.
The parking garage will also be separated by horizontal assemblies and will be separated from stairwell and
elevator shaft enclosures by fire barriers. As required by the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) Fire Code Part-1,
Section 11-9/6, the parking garage will be provided with a smoke removal system. Refer to Exhibit 2, Car park
Smoke Exhaust CFD Report for further details.
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
DIAGRAM 9.1.5: Firefighter Elevator Pressurization (SR7A, SR7B, SR03) - Highlight in Red color
9.2 Passive Smoke Control System
The passive smoke control requirements are derived from GCC Section 5-1/1 which requires that residential units
must be separated from each other and each unit is to be considered an independent fire zone.
NFPA 92A, Section 1.2.1 establishes the requirements for smoke-control systems that use pressure differences
across barriers to accomplish one or more of the following:
 Limit smoke from entering stairwells, means of egress, smoke refuge areas, elevator shafts, or similar areas
 Maintain a tenable environment in smoke refuge areas and means of egress during the time required for
evacuation
 Inhibit the migration of smoke from the smoke zone
 Provide conditions outside the smoke zone that enable emergency response personnel to conduct search and
rescue operations and to locate and control the fire
 Contribute to the protection of life and to the reduction of property loss
All structural components described in this section are defined as smoke barriers and will be sealed to the
maximum allowable leakage area specifications of NFPA 5000 Section 8.11.
9.2.1 Passive Barriers
Passive smoke barriers, which may or may not have a fire-resistive rating, could be used in addition to the active
smoke control systems to limit smoke migration from the zone of fire origin to the surrounding areas of the
building. In the passive smoke control approach, the exit enclosures are directly pressurized to prevent an
infiltration of smoke into the path of egress. This method relies on the natural compartmentalizing effect of smoke
barriers to assist in smoke containment.
Barriers, and any openings in them, will minimize air leakage and restrict the passage of smoke. NFPA 92A
Section 4.6.1 and Table A.4.6.1 provides openings and leakage area ratios to be incorporated in the design or
passive systems.
The prescribed leakage ratios references on NFPA 92A, Table A.4.6.1 allow the design team to select leakage
rations based on tight, average, and loose construction type. The design team must be aware that selecting very
loose for fairly porous smoke barrier construction might not accurately correspond to the construction of the
project. Modern high-rise construction does not typically have such significant leakage.
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In an effort to more accurately portray modern building tightness, leakage areas of building components from the
2 3
Principles of Smoke Management is recommended. The leakage areas utilized for the building components have
been incorporated in a network model (i.e. CONTAM Computer Model). Results of the Contam Model are in
Exhibit 1.
Passive barriers include the following building elements:
 Floor-ceiling assemblies
 Corridors
 Shafts
 Elevator lobbies
 Stair enclosures
These building elements create the boundaries of defined smoke-control zones and sub-zones, and must be
visually verified during the special inspections. Any passive barriers found not compliant will be resealed using
smoke barrier construction. Smoke barrier construction will be provided with opening protection.
9.2.2 Openings in Smoke Barriers
In accordance with NFPA 5000, Section 8.11.4.2, openings in smoke barriers will be protected by self-closing
devices or automatic-closing devices (such as smoke dampers) actuated by the required controls for the smoke-
control system. All door openings in smoke barriers will be protected by tight fitting smoke and draft-control
assemblies having a fire-protection rating of not less than 20 minutes when tested in accordance with NFPA 252.
Doors in exit enclosures and other rated assemblies must comply with NFPA 5000 Section 8.7.5.2 requirements.
Such doors will not have louvers, mail slots, or similar openings. The door and frame will bear an approved label
or other identification showing the name of the manufacturer, the name of the third-party inspection agency, the
fire protection rating and, for fire doors in exit enclosures and exit passageways, the maximum transmitted
temperature end point.
In accordance with NFPA 105, Section 4.5.6.1 Smoke door assemblies installed where pressurization is provided
to restrict smoke movement will be required to have a bottom seal.
Doors will be self-closing or will be automatic closing by actuation of a smoke detector in accordance with NFPA
5000, Section 11.2.1.8. Smoke and draft-control door assemblies will be provided with a gasket installed to
provide a seal where the door meets the stop on both sides and across the top.
9.3 Active Smoke Control Systems Strategy
In accordance with NFPA 92A, Section 4.3 the design approach for active smoke control systems will be one or a
combination of the following:
 Stairwell pressurization
 Zoned smoke control (Corridor Exhaust)
 Firefighter’s Elevator Pressurization
 Car Park Ventilation and smoke removal
Consider a fire inside of a single standalone room or area. As the fire develops, so too does the production of
smoke inside the room. The rate of fire development, determined by the burning rate, is determined primarily by
the relative amounts of fuel and oxidizer in the room as well as the presence of automatic sprinklers. It is a well-
established, code-supported principle of fire protection engineering that properly designed and installed automatic
sprinklers will severely limit smoke production in the event of a fire. While automatic sprinklers respond directly to
2 3
Klote, John & Milke, James. Principles of Smoke Management. W. Stephen Comstock, ASHRAE: 2002.
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
the source of the fire, the smoke management system must manage the smoke produced by the source. Smoke
management is therefore meant to be a combination of containment and removal if necessary . The following
section details the active smoke control strategies for the stair pressurization, fire fighter’s elevator pressurization,
and corridor zoned smoke control systems.
9.4 Smokeproof Enclosure Requirements
NFPA 5000, Section 33.3.3.1 requires all vertical exit stair enclosures to be smoke proof enclosures. Similarly, the
GCC Section 3-4/2 requires emergency exit stairs be separated from the rest of the building by barriers to prevent
the spread of the fire and smoke. Additionally, NFPA 5000, Section 33.1.3.1 allows a reduction on fire resistance
rated construction when the exit stairs comply with the smokeproof enclosures requirements.
A smokeproof enclosure must limit the movement of products of combustion produced by a fire (NFPA 5000,
Section 3.3.182.2). A smokeproof enclosure will be enclosed from the highest point to the lowest point by barriers
having 2-hour fire resistance ratings. Where a vestibule is used, it will be within the 2-hour-rated enclosure and will
be considered part of the smokeproof enclosure (NFPA 5000, Section 11.2.3.3)
The smokeproof enclosure will be permitted to be created by using natural ventilation, by using mechanical
ventilation incorporating a vestibule, or by pressurizing the enclosure (NFPA 5000, 11.2.3.2). The project will use
a mechanical pressurization approach to comply with the smokeproof enclosure requirements.
Every smokeproof enclosure will discharge into a public way, into a yard or court having direct access to a public
way, or into an exit passageway. Such exit passageways will be without openings other than the entrance from
the smokeproof enclosure and the door to the outside yard, court, or public way. The exit passageway will be
separated from the remainder of the building by a 2-hour fire resistance rating (NFPA 5000, Section 11.2.3.5).
9.4.1 Smokeproof Enclosure Access
For smokeproof enclosures, other than those consisting of a pressurized enclosure complying with 11.2.3.9,
access to the smokeproof enclosure will be by way of a vestibule or by way of an exterior balcony (NFPA 5000,
Section 11.2.3.6). As noted above, a pressurization method is proposed for this project, which is an alternate
method to providing smoke proof enclosures.
Therefore, stair vestibules are not required to comply with the provision of smokeproof enclosures. However, this
project has stairs with vestibules. When a vestibule is provided, the doorway into the vestibule will be protected
with an approved fire door assembly having a 1-1⁄2-hour fire protection rating, and the fire door assembly from the
vestibule to the smokeproof enclosure will have not less than a 20-minute fire protection rating. Doors will be
designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 105 to minimize air leakage in accordance with NFPA 5000,
Section 11.2.1.1.4 and will be self-closing or will be automatic-closing by actuation of a smoke detector within 3.05
meters (10 feet) of the vestibule door (NFPA 5000, Section 11.2.3.4)
9.4.2 Smokeproof Pressurization Method
Smokeproof enclosures using pressurization will use an approved engineered system with a design pressure
difference across the barrier of not less than 12.5 Pa (0.05 inch) water column in sprinklered buildings (NFPA
5000, Section 11.2.3.9.1). The above mentioned pressure difference must be capable of maintained under likely
conditions of stack effect, wind, and interaction with other active smoke control systems.
nd
Drysdale, D. An Introduction to Fire Dynamics, 2 Edition. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester: 1998. Page 397
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For additional information on necessary minimum design pressure differences, including calculation techniques, or
maximum pressure differences across doors to ensure reasonable operating forces, see NFPA 92A, Standard for
Smoke-Control Systems Utilizing Barriers and Pressure Differences
9.4.3 Smokeproof Pressurization Equipment Requirements
In accordance with NFPA 5000, Section 11.2.3.9.2, equipment and ductwork for pressurization will be located as
follows:
 Exterior to the building and directly connected to the enclosure by ductwork enclosed in noncombustible or
limited-combustible construction
 Within the enclosure with intake and exhaust air vented directly to the outside or through ductwork enclosed
by a 2-hour fire resistance–rated separation
 Within the building, under the following conditions:
– Where the equipment and ductwork are separated from the remainder of the building, including other
mechanical equipment, by a 2-hour fire resistance–rated separation.
– Where the building, including the enclosure, is protected throughout by an approved, electrically
supervised automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 55.3, and the equipment and
ductwork are separated from the remainder of the building, including other mechanical equipment, by not
less than a 1-hour fire resistance–rated separation.
In all cases specified above, the openings into the required fire resistance–rated separations will be limited to
those needed for maintenance and operation and will be protected by self-closing fire protection–rated devices
(NFPA 5000, Section 11.2.3.9.3).
9.4.4 Smoke-proof Pressurization Power Requirements
In accordance with NFPA 5000, Section 11.2.3.12, emergency power supply system (EPSS) is required for
smokeproof pressurization systems. A Type 60, Class 2, Level 2, EPSS for will be provided in accordance with
NFPA 110.
The generator will be located in a room having a minimum 1-hour fire resistance–rated separation from the
remainder of the building. The generator will have a fuel supply not less than that which is adequate to operate the
equipment for 2 hours. The transfer switch equipment and the standby panel board will be located in a room
having a minimum 1-hour fire resistance–rated separation from the remainder of the building and normal electrical
equipment.
9.4.5 Smokeproof Door Requirements
In accordance with NFPA 5000, Section 11.2.1.4.5, the door leaf operating forces required to fully open any door
leaf manually in a means of egress will not exceed 67 N (15 lbf) to release the latch, 133 N (30 lbf) to set the door
leaf in motion, and 67 N (15 lbf) to open the door leaf to the minimum required width, unless otherwise specified
as follows:
 The forces specified in 11.2.1.4.5 will be applied at the latch stile.
 Opening forces for interior side-hinged or pivoted swinging door leaves without closers will not be more than
22N (5 lbf).
 The opening forces for power-operated door leaves will be as provided in NFPA 5000, Section 11.2.1.9 as
follows:
 Where means of egress door leaves are operated by power upon the approach of a person, or are provided
with power-assisted manual operation, the design will be such that, in the event of power failure, the door
leaves open manually to allow egress travel or close when necessary to safeguard the means of egress.
 The forces required to manually open the door leaves specified in 11.2.1.9.1 will not exceed those required in
11.2.1.4.5, except that the force required to set the door leaf in motion will not exceed 50 lbf (222 N).
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
9.4.6 Smokeproof Pressurization Calculations
The smokeproof pressurization will be an independent positive pressurization system for each exit stair. An
comprehensive stair pressurization analysis will be provided for each stair that demonstrates design criteria
compliance in addition to the required testing and maintenance procedures.
The factors involved with design and analysis of stairwell pressurization systems are:
 Building and Stairwell height
 Flow areas of building components
 Minimum and maximum deign pressure differences,
 Atmospheric pressure, building temperature, stairwell temperature, and outdoor temperature (Summer/Winter
Conditions)Type of stairwell pressuring system
 Wind effects and smoke feedback
For buildings with pressurized stairwells and other pressurization smoke control systems, analysis of these
systems must be done considering all of the pressurization system operation together as they would during a fire.
This comprehensive analysis is required because the pressurization smoke control systems in a building interact
with each other and the overall air flow paths a very complex. Therefore, for buildings with multiple pressurization
smoke control systems, analysis using CONTAM is required.
9.5 Elevator Pressurization
9.5.1 Elevator Hoistway Smokeproof Requirements
The GCC Part-1, Chapter 4, Section 6/5/2 requires smoke and fire be prevented from entering the elevator
hoistways and spreading vertically to upper floors. GCC 4-6/5/6 also requires ventilation for elevator hoistways to
dispose smoke in case of fire. The Phase I or Phase II elevator recall levels for both, passenger and fire fighter’s
elevators must be carefully analyzed when pressurization of elevator hoistways are provided.
The requirement from GCC and NFPA 5000 are somewhat similar when it comes to providing fire fighter’s
elevator protection. However, the requirements for passenger elevators between the NFPA 5000 and GCC do not
agree. The core passenger elevators and the fire fighters elevators will be designed as described in the following
sections
9.5.2 Core Passenger Elevator Design Concept
Elevator hoistways typically require a minimum positive pressure of 12.5 Pa (0.05 inches of water) and a
maximum positive pressure will be determined based the door closing forces.(NFPA 92A, Section 5.2). However,
as discussed in Section 9.1, the overall smoke control strategy for Jabal Omar projects takes careful consideration
of the architectural design of elevators. The passenger core elevators in the hotel tower will not be provided with
elevator lobbies because they are open directly into the rated corridors, which act as lobbies. Furthermore, the
corridors in the hotel towers will have a zoned smoke control system as discussed further on the report.
The core passenger elevator will be provided with elevator lobbies in the portion of the podium to separate the
elevator from other occupancies. Computer models have been developed to validate the proposed design and to
validate the performance of the pressurization of the elevators, stairs, and the zoned smoke control systems.
GCC 4-6/5/6 requires elevator hoistway vents. NFPA 5000, Section 54.9 requires hoistways of elevators and
dumbwaiters penetrating more than three stories to be provided with a means of venting smoke and hot gases to
the outer air in case of fire. A separate mechanical ventilation to remove the smoke from the elevator hoistway as
required by GCC will not be provided. The engineered smoke control system (Corridor Exhaust) is intended to
limit smoke spread into the elevator hoistway.
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NFPA 5000 section 54.9 require the hoistways of elevators and dumbwaiters penetrating more than three stories
shall be provided with a means of venting smoke and hot gases to the outer air in case of fire. Section 54.9.2 The
area of vents shall be not less than 3½ percent of the area of each dumbwaiter car in the hoistway or not less
than 0.5 ft 22), whichever is greater.
9.6 Firefighters Elevator and Elevator Lobby Design Concept
The fire fighter’s elevators serves the entire building. These elevators will be provided with an elevator lobby as
required by GCC Chapter 4, Section 5. The design team has opted to use elevator shaft pressurization to meet
the intent of preventing smoke and fire from entering the elevator hoistway.
A computer model analysis has been carried out to verify the proposed performance of the pressurization of the
elevators, stairs, and the zoned smoke control system on the hotel floors. Use of closed elevator lobbies (where
applicable) on the elevator recall floor has been also evaluated to verify conformance with the design intent.
A minimum pressure difference of 12.5 Pa (0.05 inches of water) across barriers is required for fully sprinkler
buildings (NFPA 92A, Section 5.2).
A separate mechanical ventilation to remove the smoke from the elevator hoistway as required by GCC will not
be provided for the service elevator or the fire fighter’s elevator. Use of elevator lobbies and pressurization of the
elevator shaft will prevent smoke entering the elevator hoistway.
GCC 4-6/5/6 requires elevator hoistway vents. NFPA 5000, Section 54.9 requires hoistways of elevators and
dumbwaiters penetrating more than three stories to be provided with means of venting smoke and hot gases to
the outer air in case of fire. The fire fighter’s elevator serve the entire building will not have a vent on the top or
the vents (if provided) will be closed upon pressurization of the elevator hoistway in accordance with NFPA 5000,
Section 54.9.3
9.6.1 Computational Modeling Scenarios
The pressure difference criteria listed in Table 9.7.1 will be used, and these criteria are consistent with pressure
differences requirements in the NFPA 5000 and NFPA 92A. The minimum pressure difference criteria are
intended to prevent smoke flow into the elevator shafts and stairwells. The maximum pressure difference criteria
for stairwells are intended to prevent excessive door opening forces. The maximum pressure difference criterion
for elevators is intended to prevent the elevator doors from jamming.
Table 9-5-1 Minimum Pressure Differentials
Active Smoke Control System Minimum Pa
(in. H2O)
Pressurized Elevators Shaft 12.5 (0.05)
Pressurized Stairs 12.5 (0.05)
Zoned Smoke Control (Corridor Exhaust) 12.5 (0.05)
The maximum allowable pressure difference shall not result in door-opening forces
exceeding the requirements of NFPA 92A, Section 5.2.2 and Table A.5.2.2. A
maximum door-opening force is specified at 30 lbf.
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
9.7 Zoned Smoke Control System (Corridor Exhaust)
The building is divided into multiple smoke-control zones, as previously discussed. Each zone is separated from
the adjacent zones by smoke barrier constructions. The pressurization of the stair enclosures and elevator
hoistway pressurization discussed previously is primarily intended to prevent smoke infiltration into these open
shafts. However, smoke can flow through cracks in floors, walls, doors, windows, and through other non-
pressurized shafts.
For the hotel towers, each corridor will be considered a separate smoke zone and it will be further enhanced with
a zoned-smoke control system. In the event of a fire in the hotel corridor, pressure differences produced by
pressurization fans for stairs and elevators will be used to keep the exits (stair enclosures) clear of smoke and will
prevent smoke migration into the elevator hoistways. Supplemental exhaust of the corridor (fire floor) can provide
enhanced smoke control protection.
The zoned-smoke control system will be designed to maintain a pressure differential of +0.05 inches of water
column (+12.5 Pa) between the fire zone and all adjacent active smoke-control zones. This pressure differential
will help to limit smoke spread to the zone in which the fire initiated.
9.7.1 Zoned-Smoke Control Design Concept
In a zoned smoke control, a building is divided into multiple zones, each separated from others by barriers. In the
event of a fire, the zone with the fire is called the smoke zone, and the other zones are called the non-smoke The
methods to treat the smoke zone and the zones surrounding the smoke zone are mechanical exhaust and passive
smoke control using smoke barriers.
Typically, a mechanical pressurization of surrounding zones has a negative impact on the pressure differences
across the stairwell doors. This is specially the case for tall buildings (over 10 stories). The reason for the
negative impact is because the exhaust of the smoke zone increases the pressure difference across pressurized
stairwell doors on the floor of the smoke zone. Also, pressurization of the surrounding zones decreases the
pressure difference across pressurized stairwell door on these floors. This complex pressure differences can lead
to a negative pressure difference on the floors that are pressurized. A negative pressure difference has the
potential for a system failure.
The possibility of failure of the stair pressurization must be taken into consideration for high rise building when
supplemental or enhanced smoke control protection is proposed. A complete computer analysis of a zoned smoke
control system working in balance with the stair pressurization, elevator lobby pressurization, and fire fighter’s
elevator and lobby pressurization must be performed. This analysis is required because all four pressurization
systems in a building interact with each other. The overall pressure and flows can be very complex and extremely
difficult to balance during final testing and commissioning.
9.8 Parking Garage Ventilation
NFPA 5000, Section 30.8.5.2; NFPA 101, Section 42.8.3.1.1.3; and NFPA 88A, Section 5.3.2 requires all
enclosed parking structure be ventilated by a mechanical system. Specifically, the mechanical ventilation system
must be capable of providing a minimum of 300 L/min per sq.ft. of floor area (1 cfm per sq.ft. of floor area) during
hours of normal operation.
The objective of the referenced NFPA Codes and Standards requirements is to avoid excessive carbon monoxide
concentrations during normal operations only. Additional requirements for occupancy safety or post fire,
firefighting operations is not covered in the NFPA standards.
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The GCC Chapter 11, Section 9/6 requires mechanical or natural ventilation for enclosed car park areas.
Furthermore, the ventilation systems for enclosed garages must be independent from other ventilation systems in
the building and they must be designed to operate by two independent units to account for the worst conditions.
Table 11-7 in Part-1 of GCC Fire Code indicates that a ventilation system is required to conform with international
standards acceptable to Civil Defense. The design team has opted to use the British Standards to comply with the
ventilation requirements outlined in the GCC Fire Code.
9.8.1 Car Park Ventilation Standards
The British Building Regulations Standards, regarding to the car parks, closely matches the specific requirements
in the GCC Chapter 11, Section 6. Therefore, the design team has chosen to provide a smoke removal in
accordance Approved Document B-2006 edition and Approved Document F.
The performance and calculation methods for the ventilation system will be in accordance with BS 7346-7. Also,
the specifications, performance acceptance, and handover of the mechanical ventilators in the car-park areas are
recommended to be in accordance with BS EN 12101-3.
9.8.2 Car Park Smoke Removal Design Criteria
The Approved Document B-2006 edition and Approved Document F-2010 edition of the British Building
Regulations provide specific design guidelines for ventilation of car parks. The Approved Document B, Section
11.6 requires basement car parks and enclosed car parks be provided with mechanical ventilation. The
mechanical ventilation must comply with the following:
 The system will be independent of any other ventilation system (other than any system providing normal
ventilation to car park). The ventilation system must be designed to operate at 10 air changes per hour during
fire condition as referenced in Approved Document F.
 The system will be designed to run in two parts, each part capable of extracting 50% of the required rates and
designed to operate single or simultaneously.
 Each part of the system will have independent power supply which will operate in the event of failure of the
main power supply.
 Exhaust fans should be rated to run at 300οC for a minimum of 60 minutes and the ductwork and fixings must
be constructed from materials having a melting point not less than 800οC. Further information on the hot
smoke removing equipment is referenced in BS EN 12101-3.
The BS 7346-7, Section 4.1 outlines three design objectives:
 Clearance of smoke during the fire and after the fire has been suppressed, smoke removal to assist in
checking for secondary seats of fire, as well as returning the building at its normal use.
 Creating and maintain a smoke-free route through the car park open space on the fire’s story for firefighters to
approach the car on fire, with the intention of facilitating manual fire suppression.
 Protection of escape routes for occupants within the same story as the car on fire, to reserve a smoke-free
path to either the exterior of the building, or to a protected stairwell which leads to a final exit to a place of
safety.
The design team has opted to select the first option: Clearance of smoke during the fire and after the fire has
been suppressed, smoke removal to assist in checking for secondary seats of fire, as well as returning
the building at its normal use.
The BS 7346-7, Section 4.2 indicates that where the objective is to achieve clearance by horizontal cross flow
through the car park story one of the following may be used:
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
 Natural cross ventilation specified as permanent openings in accordance with clause 7.
 Mechanical cross ventilation achieved using conventional ventilation in accordance with clause 8.
 Mechanical cross ventilation using jet fans in accordance with clause 9.
The design team has opted to use mechanical cross ventilation using jet fans. A computer model has been
provided to verify that the proposed exhaust fan locations, location of makeup air fans, and the number of jet fans
meet the design intent. Refer to Exhibit 2 for details of the jet fan computer models.
9.9 Quality Assurance for Smoke Control Systems
NFPA 5000, Section 40.6.1 requires a quality assurance program for the installation and operation of smoke
control systems. This quality assurance program must be prepared by the mechanical engineer of record. Also,
Section 40.6.1.1 requires special tests and inspection of smoke control systems.
The special inspections and testing must include testing during erection and prior to concealment of ductwork for
the purposes of identifying leakage and recording the actuating device location. In accordance with Section
40.6.2, the testing and inspection agents for smoke control systems will have expertise in fire protection
engineering and mechanical engineering and will be certified as air balancers.
10. Civil Defense Access
10.1 Civil Defense Road Access
Approved Civil Defense fire access roads will be provided in accordance NFPA 5000, Section 7.1.5 and the GCC
Fire Code Part-1. Due to the topography of Makkah, there may be nonnegotiable grades and other conditions
where compliant fire access roads are not practical to construct. Therefore, the authority having jurisdiction shall
be consulted to determine if they require additional fire protection features for such areas.
Makkah Civil Defense require access to more than a single facade of PH4 - S9 podium depending based on the
height of the building as referenced in Section 1-5/6/1 in GCC Fire Code Part-1. This is necessary to ensure
building access from a secondary point and in the event that access by a single road is impaired by vehicle
congestion, condition of terrain, climatic conditions, or other factors that could limit access. Fire access roads shall
have an unobstructed width of not less than 6.100 m and an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less than 4.5 m
in accordance with the NFPA 5000, Section 7.1.5.2.5 and section 1-5/6/1 in GCC Fire Code Part-1. NFPA 5000
Section 6.1.5.2 requires access to the nearest building entry point to be within 15 meters of at least one exterior
door and the road access shall be provided such that any portion of the exterior wall of the first floor of the building
is not more than 46 meters from the access road. Where the access roads pass through a tunnel or bridge a
vertical clearance shall be permitted to be reduced, provided such reduction does not impair access by the fire
apparatus. Approved signs are required to be installed and maintained indicating the established vertical
clearance. The current and potential future type of fire apparatus in use in Makkah should be confirmed to ensure
proper clearances are provided.
Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed and maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus up
to 40 ton per vehicle and shall be provided with an all-weather driving surface. The turning radius of a fire access
road shall be not less than 9 m (18 m diameters) in accordance with section 1-5/6/2/2 in GCC Fire Code Part-1.
Dead-end fire access roads in excess 46 m in length shall be provided with approved provisions for the fire
apparatus to turn around.
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The angle of approach and departure for any means of fire access shall not exceed 305 mm drop in 6100 mm or
the design limitations of the fire trucks of the Civil Defense. Approved signs or other approved notices shall be
provided and maintained to identify fire access roads and prohibit obstruction of these roads.
Primary access to S9 for Civil Defense vehicles will be via Road A at the hotel entrance (Level 316) which is the
primary lobby floor for Towers S 07A, S07 B and SR03 Road A provides direct access to the main command
center, which is located outside the building. Refer to the Civil Defense Access drawings for a large site plan.
The secondary Civil Defense vehicle access for both S9 is through Road B at level 316 ground floor level main
entrance lobby. See Diagram below for location of the secondary Civil Defense access road.
10.2 Fire Command Center (FCC)
The Fire Command Center for S9 podium will be accessed directly from Road A. The fire command center will be
located as shown on Diagram 10.4. The Fire Command Center will include the following equipment required by
section 11.8.6 in NFPA 101:

 Voice fire alarm system panels and control

 Civil Defense two-way telephone communication service panels and controls
 Main fire detection and fire alarm system control unit panel
 Elevator floor location and operation annunciators
 Elevator fire recall switch in accordance with ASME A17.1
 Elevator emergency power selector switches
 Sprinkler valve and water flow annunciators
 Emergency generator status indicators
 Control of any automatic door locking system
 Fire pump status indicators
 Civil Defense telephone.
The Fire Command Center at Jabal Omar S09 podium and tower will be connected to the Central Command
Center.

DIAGRAM 10.1: PH 4 – S9 Primary Civil Defense Access Road

11. Other Emergency Systems
11.1 Standby Power System
Section 11.8.5 in NFPA 101 requires Zone S9 podium and towers to be provided with a standby power system
Type 60, Class I, Level I, designed and installed in accordance with article 701 of NFPA 70, National Electrical
Code, and NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power System is provided to the Infrastructure
buildings of the JODP.

The standby power system is designed to have a capacity and rating sufficient to supply all required equipment.
Selective load pickup and load shedding are permitted. The standby power system is designed to provide 8 hours
of power supply to the following:
 Electric fire pump
 Jockey pump
 Air compressor serving dry-pipe and pre-action systems.
 Emergency command center equipment and lighting
 Not less than one elevator serving all floors, with standby power transferable to any elevator
DIAGRAM 10.4: S9 Fire Command Center
 Mechanical equipment for smokeproof enclosures

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  CCTV and associated equipment (JODC requirement)
Additionally, below table provide additional details for emergency and standby power supply requirements for life
safety systems:
Fire detection and Alarm Type O Class 24 Level 1
Emergency lighting system Type 10 Class 1.5 Level 1
Emergency generators and a central battery system will provide the standby power for the required fire and life
safety systems.
11.2 Passenger and Firefighter’s Elevators
11.2.1 Passenger Elevators
GCC Part-1, Chapter 4, Section 6/5/2 requires smoke and fire be prevented from entering the elevator hoistways
and spreading vertically to upper floors. GCC 4-6/5/3 requires elevators be provided with an elevator lobby
separated from the rest of the building with resistance rating walls and doors. GCC 4-6/5/6 also requires
ventilation for elevator hoistways to dispose smoke in case of fire.
NFPA 5000 does not have requirements for elevator lobbies unless elevators are used as an evacuation system
(NFPA 5000, Section 54.12.2.3). The elevators in the hotel Towers for S07A, S07B, SR03 will not have a lobby.
The design team has elected to use a combination of rated elevator doors and corridor exhaust in the hotel portion
as a strategy to comply with Section 4-6/5/2.
11.2.2 Fire Fighter’s Elevators
GCC Part-1, Chapter 8, Table 8-4C requires Residential buildings of Category (C), buildings consisting of rented
or non-rented sleeping rooms such as hotels and furnished apartments, be provided with fire fighter’s elevators
when the building height exceeded 6 floors or 20 meters or whichever less. For all buildings over 28 meters (92
feet), GCC Chapter 4, Section 6/5/2 requires fire fighter’s elevators.
For high-rise buildings over 36.6 meters, NFPA 5000, Section 33.3.7 requires one fire fighter elevators. This
requirement is furthermore emphasized in NFPA 5000, Section 54.12.1 which requires every floor in a high-rise
building to be served by a fire fighter’s elevator. The lift capacity should be a minimum 1588 kg.
Note: Special requirement from Civil Defense for Phase 4, S09 requires two (2) dedicated firefighter
elevators. Thus, each hotel tower will have two elevators dedicated for Civil Defense Access.
Fire fighter’s elevator will have an elevator lobby in accordance with NFPA 5000, Section 54.12.2.1. Fire fighter’s
elevators will be installed in accordance with NFPA 5000 Chapter 54 and ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators
and Escalators.
NFPA 5000, Section 54.12.2.4 requires fire fighter’s elevator lobbies to be enclosed with a smoke barrier having a
minimum 1-hour fire resistance rating. In accordance with Section 54.12.2.4, the elevator lobby door will have a
fire protection rating of not less than a 3/4 hour (45 minutes) and will be self-closing or automatic closing.
However, the enclosed fire fighter’s elevator lobbies are not required at the street floor.
A minimum of one of the fire fighter’s elevators shall be sized and arranged to accommodate a 610 mm × 1930
mm ambulance stretcher in the horizontal, open position for fire fighter emergency operation to all floors. The
Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9
Jabal Omar Development
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
elevator car shall be identified by the international symbol for emergency medical services (star of life). The
symbol shall be minimum 75 mm in height and shall be located inside the car on both sides of the door frame.
The design team has elected to pressurize the fire fighter’s elevators hoistways serving the hotel as a strategy to
comply with GCC Section 4-6/5/2. The fire firefighter’s elevator lobby will also be pressurized to comply with NFPA
5000, Section 54.12.2.4 and GCC 4-6/5/3.
11.2.3 Elevator Recall
The ANSI/ASME A17.1 Section 2.27.3.1 requires Phase 1 emergency recall operation, whether manually or
automatically, be activated by detectors at each floor served by the elevator. Only smoke detectors in the elevator
lobbies must initiate the recall to a designated level. If the detector in the designated level activates, recall must
be to the alternate level. The designated level is typically the main floor or other floors level that best serves the
needs of emergency personnel for firefighting or rescue purposes identified by Civil Defense.
The core passenger elevator will have a Phase I recalled to an approved location. Elevator recall levels are
provided in Table 11.2.3 for coordination. However, the final recall elevator levels for both, passenger and fire
fighter’s elevators will be coordinated with the elevator pressurization system and Civil Defense. The fire fighter’s
elevator will have a Phase I recalled to the Main Entrance or Hotel lobby (Level 316). The elevator recall level will
have direct access to the fire command center and it will be easily accessible from the street level along Road A.
Refer to Appendix C for Elevator Recall Levels Tables.
12. Conclusion
This report summarizes the fire safety requirements for Jabal Omar Zone S9 and explains the strategy to achieve
the required fire and life safety level. The report compares the applicable provisions of NFPA Codes and
Standards with GCC Fire Code requirements to assist Makkah Civil Defense in deciding about design acceptance
based on the conditions of the project. This document on its own is not sufficient to approve the Jabal Omar Zone
S09. The information herein must be supported by the design review comments, the required fire strategy
drawings, and the improved fire protection systems drawings to confirm the project compliance with the applicable
requirements.
Aon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation
Gamal Ahmed, PhD
Project Manager
Jaime Paucar, P.E.
Project Manager
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Appendix A – General Sequence of Operations (Fire Alarm)

Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9, Appendix A 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page A
 RECALL)

TAMPER
WATER FLOW
OPEN CIRCUIT

LOW BATTERY
RECALLFLOOR.

GROUND FAULT

FIRE PUMP RUN
AC POWER FAILURE
TELEPHONE LINE FAULT
OR ALTERNATE FLOOR. 
KITCHEN HOOD SYSTEM
Makkah, Saudi Arabia

MANUAL PULL STATIONS

DUCT SMOKE DETECTORS

FIRE PUMP LOSE OF PHASE
Jabal Omar Development

FIRE PUMP PHASE REVERSAL

GUESTROOM SMOKE ALARMS
CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTORS
GENERAL MATRIX PREPARED BY 

NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE SHORT CIRCUIT
AON FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING 

CLEAN AGENT SYSTEMS ‐ GENERAL ALARM 

REMOTE POWER SUPPLY TROUBLE CONTACT
(1) ONE HEAT DETECTOR OR SMOKE DETECTOR
SYSTEM INPUTS

HEAT DETECTORS IN ELEVATOR MACHINE ROOM AND SHAFT

FIREMAN'S ONE‐WAY COMMUNICATIONS MICROPHONE
THE ELEVATOR TO THE SECONDARY OR ALTERNATE RECALL FLOOR 
TROUBLE CONDITION ON ALL SUPWEVISED SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

THE ELEVATOR TO THE PRIMARY OR DESIGNATED RECALL FLOOR LEVEL], SMOKE 
DETECTORS IN THE TOP OF SHAFT AND ELEVATOR MACHINE ROOM  (SECONDARY 

WHERE THE ELEVATOR MACHINE ROOM IS LOCATED ON THE GOUND FLOOR THEN 
GROUND FLOOR LOBBY SMOKE DETECTORS FOR RESIDENTIAL TOWERS AND PODIUM 
ELEVATORS WITHIN THE SAME ELEVATOR BANK ON THE GROUND LEVEL, SHALL RECALL 
THE SAME ELEVATOR BANK ON ALL FLOORS EXCEPT THE GROUND LEVEL, SHALL RECALL 
SYSTEM OUTPUTS

ELEVATORS OPERATED WITHIN THE MACHINE ROOM TO THE PRIMARY OR DESIGNATED 

ACTIVIATION OF SUCH DEVICES SHALL RECALL THE ELEVATOR BANK TO THE SECONDARY 
TWO (2) SMOKE DETECTORS OR ONE (1) HEAT DETECTOR AND ONE (1) SMOKE DETECTOR

LOBBY SMOKE DETECTORS FOR RESIDENTIAL TOWERS AND PODIUM ELEVATORS WITHIN 

 EXCEPTION: WHEN THE ELEVATOR MACHINE ROOM IS LOCATED ON THE GROUND LEVEL. 
SMOKE DETECTORS IN THE TOP OF SHAFT AND ELEVATOR MACHINE ROOM SHALL RECALL 
ACTIVATE GENERAL ALARM AUDIBLE/VISUAL SOUNDER/INDICATOR AT 
FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT (FACU), THE COMMAND CENTER 

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

MONITERING SYSTEM ROOM (CCMS), AND THE MAIN COMMAND 
CONTROL CENTER (MCCC)

ACTIVATE SUPERVISORY ALARM AUDIBLE/VISUAL SOUNDER/INDICATOR 

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

AT THE FACU, THE COMMAND CENTER MONITERING SYSTEM ROOM 
(CCMS) AND THE MAIN COMMAND CONTROL CENTER (MCCC)

ACTIVATE TROUBLE ALARM AUDIBLE/VISUAL SOUNDER/INDICATOR AT 
Fo

X
X
X
X
X
X
X

THE FACU, THE COMMAND CENTER MONITERING SYSTEM ROOM 
(CCMS,) AND THE MAIN COMMAND CONTROL CENTER (MCCC)

ACTIVATE POINT INDENTIFICATION VISUAL INDICATOR AT THE FACU 

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

rG
AND GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE (GUI) AND RECORD THE EVENT IN THE 
SYSTEM MEMORY

X
ACTIVATE EXTERIOR SPRINKLER WATERFLOW ALARM
ui
ACTIVATE THE VISUAL AND AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION DEVICES ON 
THE FIRE FLOOR, ONE (1) FLOOR ABOVE AND ONE (1) FLOOR BELOW 

X
X
X

IMMEDIATELY. IN TOWERS UTILZING BOTH HORNS AND SPEAKERS, 
da
HORNS SHALL BE SCHYNRONIZED SO THAT THEY DO NOT INTERFERE 
WITH THE PRE‐RECORDED VOICE MESSAGE.

X
X
X
X
X
X

ACTIVATE POSITIVE ALARM SEQUENCE
nc
X
e ACTIVATE THE VISUAL AND AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION DEVICES ON 
THE FIRE FLOOR AFTER POSITIVE ALARM SEQUENCE TIME OUT. N 
X

TOWERS UTILZING BOTH HORNS AND SPEAKERS, HORNS SHALL BE 
SCHYNRONIZED SO THAT THEY DO NOT INTERFERE WITH THE PRE‐
RECORDED VOICE MESSAGE.
O
TRANSMIT TROUBLE SIGNAL COMMAND CENTER MONITERING SYSTEM 
CONCEPTUAL FIRE ALARM SEQUENCE OF OPERATION   ‐   FOR SMOKE CONTROL SEQUENCE, REFER TO THE "RATIONAL ANALYSIS SMOKE CONTROL REPORT" 

X
X
X
X
X
X

ROOM (CCMS) AND THE MAIN COMMAND CONTROL CENTER (MCCC)
nl
y
ACTIVATE THE DESIGNATED RELAY OUTPUT FOR ASSOCIATED AHU'S 
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

AND FAHU'S IMMEDIATE SHUTDOWN

CLOSE ALL DESIGNATED DOORS AND DAMPERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE 
X
X
X
X
X
X

FIRE FLOOR, ONE FLOOR ABOVE AND ONE FLOOR BELOW.

SHUTDOWN THE PUBLIC ADDRESS, AV AND MATV SYSTEMS AND 
X
X
X

SEPRATE LOCAL SOUND SYSTEMS IN THE BUILDING

START SMOKE CONTROL SEQUENCE ‐ SEE SMOKE CONTROL SEQUENCE 
X
X
X
X
X
X

MATRIX

ACTIVATE SOUNDER BASES ON ALL SMOKE ALARMS WITHIN THE SAME 
X

GUESTROOM
X

ACTIVATE CARBON MONOXIDE AUDIBLE ALARM ON DEVICE.
X

ACTIVAT ELEVATOR SHUNT TRIP
X

SHUNT ALL HORNS DURING LIVE VOICE ANNOUNCEMENTS
X

ACTIVATE KITCHEN HOOD NOTIFICATION DEVICES
X

FOLLOW THE CLEAN AGENT SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS
Appendix B – Elevator Recall Levels

Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9, Appendix B 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page B
 Jabal Omar Development (Phase VI) ‐ Elevator Recall  
S07A, S07B, SR03 

Location  Lift Number  Elevator recall phase I Elevator recall phase II Smoke Control Strategy

S07A‐ 1,2,3,4,5,6 (Passenger Lifts)  MAIN ENTRANCE LEVEL (LEVEL 316) COMMERCIAL 1 LEVEL (320.6)  Corridor Exhaust
S07A  Enclosed lobby and 
S07A‐ 7,8 (Fire Lifts) 
MAIN ENTRANCE LEVEL (LEVEL 316)  COMMERCIAL 1 LEVEL (320.6)  Pressurizing Shaft 
S07B‐ 1,2,3,4,5,6 (Passenger Lifts)  MAIN ENTRANCE LEVEL (LEVEL 316) COMMERCIAL 1 LEVEL (320.6)  Corridor Exhaust
S07B  Enclosed lobby and 
S07B‐ 7,8 (Fire Lifts) 
MAIN ENTRANCE LEVEL (LEVEL 316)  COMMERCIAL 1 LEVEL (320.6)  Pressurizing Shaft 
SR03‐ 1,2,3,4,5,6 (Passenger Lifts)  MAIN ENTRANCE LEVEL (LEVEL 316) COMMERCIAL 1 LEVEL (320.6)  Corridor Exhaust
SR03  Enclosed lobby and 
SR03‐ 7,8 (Fire Lifts) 
MAIN ENTRANCE LEVEL (LEVEL 316)  COMMERCIAL 1 LEVEL (320.6)  Pressurizing Shaft 
P09‐ 05, 06  MAIN ENTRANCE LEVEL (LEVEL 316) COMMERCIAL 2 LEVEL (325.25)  Enclosed Lobby
p09‐ 03 , 04,08, 09  MAIN ENTRANCE LEVEL (LEVEL 316) COMMERCIAL 1 LEVEL (320.6)  Enclosed Lobby
Podiums 
P09‐ 01, 02,  MAIN ENTRANCE LEVEL (LEVEL 316) COMMERCIAL 2 LEVEL (325.25)  Enclosed Lobby
P09‐ 07  COMMERCIAL 2 LEVEL (325.25) Basement 1 (311.00) Enclosed Lobby
Appendix C – Stair Exit Discharge Diagrams

Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9, Appendix C 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Appendix C
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Appendix D – Firefighting Riser Diagrams (For Reference Only)

Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9, Appendix D 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814011-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page D
 NOTES:

1- FOR SYMBOLS, NOTES & LEGEND - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS.

REFER TO DWG. No. 883-4-S09-S09Z-DC04-RMC-FC-S00-MF-01-101.0 .

00 ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION 09/01/2014 H.A

NO. REVISIONS DATE APP.

rmc

A.G M.O H.A

Owner / Developer

Design Amendment Services

Abnia Consulting Engineers

ARCHITECTS - PLANNERS - ENGINEERS

Project Manager

Conceptual Designer
ATELIERS LION
ARCHITECTES URBANISTES
ARCHITECTS, URBAN DESIGNERS

INGEROP INTERNATIONAL
ENGINEER CONSULTANT

Main Consultant

Hotel ID Consultant

Project:

JABAL OMAR DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

MAKKAH AL MUKARRAMAH

KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

VOLUME = 225m³ VOLUME = 230m³
Title

RISER DIAGRAM (1/4)

A.G M.O H.A

A.M 09/01/2014 N.T.S 00

883 4 S09 S09Z DC04 RMC FC S00 MF 04

 NOTES:

1- FOR SYMBOLS, NOTES & LEGEND - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS.

REFER TO DWG. No. 883-4-S09-S09Z-DC04-RMC-FC-S00-MF-01-101.0 .

VOLUME = 225m³

VOLUME = 230m³

00 ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION 09/01/2014 H.A

NO. REVISIONS DATE APP.

rmc

A.G M.O H.A

Owner / Developer

Design Amendment Services

Abnia Consulting Engineers

ARCHITECTS - PLANNERS - ENGINEERS

Project Manager

Conceptual Designer
ATELIERS LION
ARCHITECTES URBANISTES
ARCHITECTS, URBAN DESIGNERS

INGEROP INTERNATIONAL
ENGINEER CONSULTANT

Main Consultant

Hotel ID Consultant

Project:

JABAL OMAR DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

MAKKAH AL MUKARRAMAH

KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

Title

RISER DIAGRAM (2/4)

A.G M.O H.A

A.M 09/01/2014 N.T.S 00

883 4 S09 S09Z DC04 RMC FC S00 MF 04

 NOTES:

1- FOR SYMBOLS, NOTES & LEGEND - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS.

REFER TO DWG. No. 883-4-S09-S09Z-DC04-RMC-FC-S00-MF-01-101.0 .

VOLUME = 225m³ VOLUME = 225m³

VOLUME = 230m³ VOLUME = 230m³

00 ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION 09/01/2014 H.A

NO. REVISIONS DATE APP.

rmc

A.G M.O H.A

Owner / Developer

Design Amendment Services

Abnia Consulting Engineers

ARCHITECTS - PLANNERS - ENGINEERS

Project Manager

Conceptual Designer
ATELIERS LION
ARCHITECTES URBANISTES
ARCHITECTS, URBAN DESIGNERS

INGEROP INTERNATIONAL
ENGINEER CONSULTANT

Main Consultant

Hotel ID Consultant

Project:

JABAL OMAR DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

MAKKAH AL MUKARRAMAH

KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

Title

RISER DIAGRAM (3/4)

A.G M.O H.A

A.M 09/01/2014 N.T.S 00

883 4 S09 S09Z DC04 RMC FC S00 MF 04

 NOTES:

1- FOR SYMBOLS, NOTES & LEGEND - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS.

REFER TO DWG. No. 883-4-S09-S09Z-DC04-RMC-FC-S00-MF-01-101.0 .

00 ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION 09/01/2014 H.A

NO. REVISIONS DATE APP.

rmc

A.G M.O H.A

Owner / Developer

Design Amendment Services

Abnia Consulting Engineers

ARCHITECTS - PLANNERS - ENGINEERS

Project Manager

Conceptual Designer
ATELIERS LION
ARCHITECTES URBANISTES
ARCHITECTS, URBAN DESIGNERS

INGEROP INTERNATIONAL
ENGINEER CONSULTANT

Main Consultant

Hotel ID Consultant

Project:

JABAL OMAR DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

MAKKAH AL MUKARRAMAH

KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

Title

RISER DIAGRAM (4/4)

A.G M.O H.A

A.M 09/01/2014 N.T.S 00

883 4 S09 S09Z DC04 RMC FC S00 MF 04

Appendix E – Buried Fuel Tank Location (Ground Level)

Fire Safety Strategy Report – Phase 4, Zone S9, Appendix D 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814011-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E
Page Left Intentionally Blank 
Exhibit 1 – Smoke Control System
Rational Analysis and Technical
Report
Jabal Omar Development Project

Zone S9 (Phase IV)

Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia

9 March 2015

Aon FPE No. 2814037-000

Submitted by:

Aon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation

Al Reem Tower, Al Maktoum Street, Suite 704 | Dubai, UAE

t +9714.228.2841 |f +9714.228.2965

www.aonfpe.com

Prepared for:
Jabal Omar Development Company (Client)
Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
 14.3 Dampers 10
Table of Contents 15. Activation of System 10
15.1 Automatic Activation 10
1. Introduction 1
15.2 Manual Activation 10
2. Applicable Codes 1 16. Supervision 10
3. Project Description 1 17. Secondary Power 10
4. Proposed Design 2 18. Passive Smoke Barrier Construction 10
5. Exit Stair Enclosures 3 18.1 Visual Inspection 10
6. Smoke-Control Strategy 4 18.2 Leakage Testing 11

7. Active Smoke Control 5 19. Smoke-Control System Acceptance Test Criteria 11

7.1 Stair Pressurization 5 19.1 Smoke Control Special Inspections 11
7.2 Elevator Hoistway Pressurization 5 19.1.1 Smoke-Control Ductwork 11
7.2.1 Core Passenger Elevator Design Concept 5 19.1.2 Fans 11
7.2.2 Fire Fighter’s Elevator Design Concept 5 19.1.3 Dampers 11
7.2.3 Computational Modeling for Elevator Lobby Pressurization 5 19.1.4 Activation of System 11
7.2.4 Computational Modeling Scenarios 5 19.1.5 Automatic Activation 11
19.1.6 Manual Activation 11
7.3 Zoned-Smoke Control System (Corridor Exhaust) 6 19.1.7 Smoke Control Special Inspections Procedures 11
7.4 Sequence of Operation 6
7.5 Smoke Zones 6 20. Report 11
7.6 Standby Power 6
7.7 Equipment 6 21. Conclusion 11
7.7.1 Smoke-Control System Fans 6
7.7.2 Smoke-Control System Ducts 6
7.7.3 Smoke-Control System Dampers 6
7.7.4 Power Systems 6 Appendices
7.7.5 Control Systems 6
7.8 Response Time 7 Appendix A – Climatic Design Data A1
7.9 Firefighter’s Control Panel 7
Appendix B – Sequence of Operations B1
7.9.1 Control capabilities 7
7.9.2 Detection and Control Systems 7 Appendix D – CONTAM Floor Plans C1

8. Passive Smoke Control 7 Appendix E – Model Reports D1

Appendix F – Special Inspection General Notes E1
9. Passive Barriers 7
10. Openings 8
11. Computational Modeling 8
12. Rational Analysis 8
12.1 Stack Effect 8
12.2 Temperature Effect of Fire 8
12.3 Wind Effect 8
12.4 HVAC Systems Effects 8
12.5 Climate 8
12.6 Leakage of Building Components 9
13. Building Assumptions 9
14. Smoke-Control System Acceptance Test Criteria 9
14.1 Smoke Control Ductwork 9
14.2 Fans 10

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page i
  NFPA 5000: Building Construction and Safety Code, 2009 Edition
1. Introduction
 NFPA 90A: Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilation Systems, 2009 Edition
The Jabal Omar Development Project is located on the West Hill of Makkah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,  NFPA 92A: Standard for Smoke-Control Systems Utilizing Barriers and Pressure Differences, 2009 Edition.
facing the holy Haram from its south side. Zone S9 is an irregular shaped parcel of land. The north and east
 NFPA 92B: Standard for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, and Large Spaces, 2009 Edition.
edge is a large curve, formed by Road B. On the opposite side of Road B is Zone S1, and beyond it is Al-Haram.
 NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2008 Edition
This report (Exhibit 1) provides engineering analysis of the smoke management system aspects of design and  NFPA 88A: Standard for Parking Structures, 2011 Edition
verification using a special software tools complying with NFPA codes and international standards. For additional
 NFPA 105, Standard for the Installation of Smoke Door Assemblies and Other Opening Protectives, 2007
overall smoke control strategy for Phase IV – S9 zone project, please refer to the Fire Safety Strategy Report,
Edition.
Chapter 9, Smoke Control System.
 NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2005 Edition.
The intent of smoke-control is to limit the migration of hazardous amounts of smoke to the zone of origin, thereby  NFPA 252, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies, 2008 Edition
providing a tenable environment for the evacuation or relocation of occupants.

3. Project Description
The project consists of one zone contains 3 residential (hotel) high-rise towers consist of 22 levels (known as
S07A, S07B, SR03) which are located above a ten level podiums (consist of commercial areas and parking
areas).

Figure 1.1- Phase IV- S9 project location south side of Haram at Ibrahim Al-Khalil Street.

2. Applicable Codes Figure 3.1: S9 Aerial View/Plan

The requirements for the passive and active smoke control systems are based on the minimum prescriptive code
requirements from GCC, NFPA standards and additional international standards as required in Table 11-7 in Part- Tower Uses: Towers S07A, S07B and SR03 have 22 Levels. These consist of 19 floors of guestrooms, 2
1 of GCC Fire Code. technical floors and roof floors.

The following standards are referenced for this project, in addition to the smoke control requirements of the GCC The typical floor plates for Towers S07A, S07B and SR03 are essentially the same shape, size (approximately
code: 900 square meters) and orientation. Each tower is served by a common corridor with access to two exit stairs.

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page 1
There are 6 passenger elevators that are separated into two shafts of three elevators each. In addition, there is a
pair of dedicated service and fire fighter elevators that share a common lobby that is separated from the corridor.
Podium Uses: The Zone S9 podium contains multiple uses on the various levels, including commercial (retail),
both public and back-of-the-house areas of the hotel; parking, ground floor and some residential.
The general uses of the podium, starting at the lowest level, are as follows. The lowest three levels of the podium
is parking areas below the grade level. Above parking area will be the ground floor level as hotel entrance level
above of it there are the 4 levels of commercial floors then the lower technical floor as podium floors to be as total
number of floors 9 floors.
Five of the twelve levels of the podium of Zone S9 are above grade, so the total height of the towers in Zone S9 is
31 stories. The lower grade around the base of the podium is at elevation +304.00. The main roof of the podium
is at +339.55, resulting in the podium height ranging from about 35 meters which is the “grade plane” as defined in
NFPA 5000, and is used in some (but not all) calculation requirements in NFPA.
Figure 3.3: Vertical Distribution Of Uses In Jabal Omar S9
Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
4. Proposed Design
The intent of smoke-control is to limit the migration of hazardous amounts of smoke to the zone of origin, thereby
providing a tenable environment for the evacuation or relocation of occupants.
It is a well-established, code-supported principle of engineering that properly designed and installed automatic
sprinklers will limit smoke production in the event of a fire. While automatic sprinklers respond directly to the
source of the fire, the smoke management system must manage the smoke produced by the source. Smoke
management is therefore meant to be a combination of containment and removal if necessary.
In the case of the Jabal Omar Zone S9, the building is compartmentalized into a series of primarily residential
occupancies in the hotel towers. The podium portion has multiple, separated, mixed occupancies consisting of
retail, storage (i.e. parking garage), and residential (Hotel guestrooms). All these occupancies are connected
vertically by exit stair enclosures and elevator shafts.
The proposed smoke control design seeks to take advantage of this compartmentalization by implementing a
smoke containment strategy. The overall smoke management strategy will utilize a combination of active and
passive components to contain hazardous amounts of smoke to the zone of fire origin. Table 1 provides a
summary of these active and passive elements.
Table 1: Summary of Active and Passive Systems
Active Elements Passive Elements
Opening Protection (smoke dampers, rated doors,
Stair Pressurization Fans
adjustable door sweeps, etc.)
Zoned Smoke Control System (Hotel Corridors) Walls (corridors, occupancy separations, etc.)
Elevator Hoistway Pressurization Fans for the use Residential Units separation (Rated separation
of Makkah Civil Defense (MCD) fire fighters between Residential Units)
Car Park Smoke Removal Systems
The tower is divided into a series of compartments, or smoke zones (i.e.: separate floor levels), and sub-
compartments, or sub-zones (i.e. individual guestroom units). Typically, each smoke zone is enclosed on all sides
by walls, floors, and ceilings that are referred to as smoke barriers in the code because they are assigned
minimum requirements for tightness of construction as identified in NFPA 5000, Section 8.11.
Openings in these smoke barriers are also equipped with active and passive elements to limit the migration of
smoke. It is important to note that maintenance of a tenable environment within the smoke-control zone of fire
origin is not a requirement. Only walls, floors, and ceilings that are designated as separate smoke zones (not
sub-zones) within a building need to be constructed as smoke barriers. In the hotel towers, each guestroom will
be considered an individual smoke zone, separated from adjacent units and from adjacent floors by horizontal
assemblies and from stairwell and elevator shaft enclosures by fire barriers.
The high rise hotel will be designed to meet the smokeproof exit enclosure requirements of NFPA 5000, Section
33.3.3.1 and Section 11.2.3. Similarly, the GCC Section 3-4/2 requires emergency exit stairs be separated from
the rest of the building by barriers to prevent the spread of the fire and smoke. A minimum positive pressure
differential (12.5 Pa, per Section 5.2, NFPA 92A) will be provided between the alarm zone (smoke zone where the
fire alarm originated) and the exit stair. The resulting positive pressure differentials measured from the exit stair
enclosures to the alarm zone are intended to prevent smoke migration to multiple building levels via these
potential pathways.
9 March 2015
Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Page 2
The occupants in the hotel towers are different than the occupants in the podium areas. The difference is related
to occupants’ alertness during the course of the day. Occupants in the hotel will be asleep while occupants in the
5. Exit Stair Enclosures
podium (restaurant, mall, etc) will be awake and alert.
The pressure difference criteria listed in Table will be used, and these criteria are consistent with pressure
An enhanced smoke control system has been developed for the Jabal Omar Projects to address this condition. A differences requirements in the NFPA 5000 and NFPA 92. Similarly, the GCC Section 3-4/2 requires emergency
higher degree of safety is proposed for the hotel tower due to the type of occupants. The overall smoke control exit stairs be separated from the rest of the building by barriers to prevent the spread of the fire and smoke. The
strategy takes into consideration the architectural design of the elevators. Elevators are provided without lobbies minimum pressure difference criteria are intended to prevent smoke flow into the elevator shafts and stairwells.
in the hotel portion of the towers, while at the same time, the same elevators are provided with lobbies in the The maximum pressure difference criteria for stairwells are intended to prevent excessive door opening forces.
podium area. Essentially, this architectural design condition creates two (2) virtual zones: smoke zone (1) in the The maximum pressure difference criterion for elevators is intended to prevent the elevator doors from jamming.
hotel tower where there elevators open directly into the corridors, and smoke zone (2) in the podium where the
elevators are separated with fire/smoke rated lobbies and lobby doors. Refer to Figure 4.1 for a schematic Table 2: Minimum Pressure Differentials
representation of this condition.
Minimum Pa
Active Smoke Control System
(in. H2O)
Pressurized Firefighter’s Elevators 12.5 (0.05)
Pressurized Stairs 12.5 (0.05)
Zoned Smoke Control (Corridor Negative Pressurization with 12.5 (0.05)
positive pressure in passenger lifts hoistways)
The maximum allowable pressure difference shall not result in door-opening forces
exceeding the requirements of NFPA 92A, Section 5.2.2 and Table A.5.2.2. A
maximum door-opening force is specified at 30 lbf.

The exit stair enclosures will be pressurized to provide a smoke-free exit route in the event of a building fire. A
secondary objective is to provide a smoke-free staging area for firefighters. Pressure differences will be
maintained across all interior stair and vestibule doors in the closed position. The minimum design pressure
difference across these barriers is +12.5 Pascals from the exit enclosure to the vestibule.

The maximum pressure difference allowed across these barriers is determined by NFPA 92A, Section 5.2.2 and
Table A.5.2.2, which limits door opening forces to a maximum of 30 pounds. Applied to the 3-foot wide by 7-foot
tall doors (0.9-meter wide by 2.1-meter tall) utilized in these exit stair enclosures, the corresponding maximum
pressure differential allowed may be calculated as shown in Equation 1.

Equation 1:
K d WAp
F  Fcloser 
2W  d 
Where:
A = door area (ft2)
d = distance from door handle to latch edge of door (ft)
F = total door opening force (lb)
Fcloser = force required to overcome closing device (lb)
Kd = 5.2
W = door width (ft)
∆p= design pressure difference (in. H2O)

By solving the above equation for ∆p, the maximum design pressure differential (where door opening forces do
not exceed 30 pounds) can be calculated:

Figure 4.1 - Hotel On Top of Podium – 2 Virtual smoke zones

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page 3
 p  2
F  Fcloser W  d 
K dWA
Fire Rated
∆p=0.42 in H2O (104.6 Pa) Doors

Where:
∆p= design pressure difference (in. H2O)
A = door area (21 ft2)
d = distance from door handle to latch edge of door (3” or 0.25-ft)
F = total door opening force (30 lb)
Fcloser = force required to overcome closing device (5 lb)
Kd = 5.2
W = door width (3-ft)

For a total door opening force of 30 pounds and a force of 5 pounds to overcome a closing device, the maximum
pressure difference across a typical exit stair door within Zone S9 is 105 Pascals. Ultimately, testing will establish
this criteria for each required door, as door size and closure force will vary slightly between the doors. However, a
maximum pressure differential of approximately 105 Pascals is calculated in this design phase. The special
inspector will verify that all doors do not exceed the maximum 30-pound force during the commissioning of the
smoke control system.
Figure 6.1: Fire rated Elevator Doors (S07A, S07B and SR03)
Dedicated fans will be used for each pressurized stair. Centrifugal or vane-axial fans will be used to supply
pressurization to the stair enclosures. A shield around the intake will be provided to reduce adverse wind effects. As an enhanced smoke control design, the hotel corridors will be further separated using a zoned smoke control
Care must be taken to confirm proper installation as backward impeller rotation will result in reduced flow. Multiple system. The zoned smoke control system includes exhaust of the fire corridor.
injections points will be utilized to limit the air lost through open doors. It is recommended that multiple injection
points by way of a vertical duct located either in the stair enclosure or in a separate shaft be provided.

The supply air intake will be separated from other building exhaust outlets, such as toilet room exhaust, that might
expel smoke during a fire. The separation will be as great as is practically possible, to avoid recirculation of
contaminated air. A minimum of 6.1 meters (20ft) separation between the exhaust and makeup air inlets are
recommended.

6. Smoke-Control Strategy
Refer to the Fire Safety Strategy Report Chapter 6 for additional strategy discussion. The overall smoke control
strategy for S9 is based on a separation of floors into a number of smoke zones. The floor/ceiling assemblies, as
well as the stair shaft and elevator shaft walls, are considered smoke barriers. The inherent tightness of these
barriers will limit smoke migration into adjacent smoke zones. Each stairway will be pressurized.

The hotel towers will have passenger elevators without lobbies (open directly into the hotel corridor).
Essentially, the hotel corridor acts as a larger elevator lobby. The elevators connect the hotel tower floors to the
podium levels floors. Protection of elevator hoistways (smokeproof) will be provided using fire rated elevator
doors and a zone smoke control system (corridor exhaust system). The corridor exhaust system will keep the
corridor under negative pressure in relation to the elevator shaft (12.5 Pa) with the aid of the positive pressure
inside the shaft, thus preventing smoke from entering the elevator shafts. Figure 6.2: Corridor Exhaust and Elevator shaft Design Concept

The hotel towers S07A, S07B and SR03 and podiums will be provided with dedicated firefighting elevators. The
firefighting elevators will be provided with enclosed lobbies. The fire/smoke rated lobbies and lobby doors provide
protection to prevent smoke from entering into the firefighting elevator shafts. To further enhance the smoke

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page 4
control system, a positive pressure differential between the elevator hoistway and the elevator lobby will be
provided by pressurizing the elevator shaft. A minimum positive pressure differential (12.5 Pa, per Section 5.2,
NFPA 92A) will be provided between the elevator door and the lobby.
7. Active Smoke Control
The active portion of the smoke-control system will consist of positive pressurization of the stair enclosures.
Sufficient pressure will be provided to prevent smoke infiltration of the exit enclosure with all doors closed while
simultaneously keeping door operating forces below a prescribed limit of 30 pounds (NFPA 92A, Section 5.2.2
and Table A.5.2.2).
7.1 Stair Pressurization
All exit enclosures in the high-rise building are required to be smoke-proof enclosures or pressurized stairways in
accordance with NFPA 5000, Section 33.3.6. Each of the vertical exit enclosures will be maintained at elevated
pressure relative to the building interior during a fire emergency. A minimum pressure difference of 12.5 Pascals
will be provided between the stair and its entrance vestibule. A maximum pressure difference across a door will
be based on door opening forces at or below 30 pounds (NFPA 92A, Section 5.2.2 and Table A.5.2.2). Refer to
Appendix D for CONTAM Floor Plans and Appendix E for Shaft Reports.
In order to achieve the required pressure differentials, the minimum air capacities and inlet locations have been
calculated using computer modeling Contam. Refer to Appendix C for recommended fan sizes.
NOTE: The capacities calculated are significantly lower than the original design. Thus, pressure relief
vents are recommended for all stairs.
7.2 Elevator Hoistway Pressurization
The GCC Part-1, Chapter 4, Section 6/5/2 requires smoke and fire be prevented from entering the elevator
hoistways and spreading vertically to upper floors. GCC 4-6/5/6 also requires ventilation for elevator hoistways to
dispose smoke in case of fire. The Phase I or Phase II elevator recall levels for both, passenger and fire fighter’s
elevators must be carefully analyzed when pressurization of elevator hoistways are provided.
The requirement from GCC and NFPA 5000 are somewhat similar when it comes to providing fire fighter’s
elevator protection. However, the requirements for passenger elevators between the NFPA 5000 and GCC do not
agree. GCC 4-6/5/6 requires elevator hoistway vents. NFPA 5000, Section 54.9 requires hoistways of elevators
and dumbwaiters penetrating more than three stories to be provided with a means of venting smoke and hot
gases to the outer air in case of fire. The elevator hoistway pressurization system is intended to limit smoke
spread from fire floor into the firefighter’s elevator hoistway.
7.2.1 Core Passenger Elevator Design Concept
Elevator hoistways typically require a minimum positive pressure of 12.5 Pa (0.05 inches of water) and a
maximum positive pressure will be determined based the door closing forces (NFPA 92A, Section 5.2). Whereas
the overall smoke control strategy for Jabal Omar projects takes careful consideration of the architectural design
of elevators. The passenger core elevators in the hotel tower will not be provided with elevator lobbies because
they are open directly into the rated corridors, which act as lobbies. Furthermore, the corridors in the hotel towers
will have a zoned smoke control system as discussed further on the report.
The core passenger elevator will be provided with elevator lobbies in the portion of the podium to separate the
elevator from other occupancies. Computer models have been developed to validate the proposed design and to
Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
validate the performance of the pressurization of the firefighter’s elevators, stairs, and the corridor exhaust smoke
control systems.
NFPA 5000 section 54.9 require the hoistways of elevators and dumbwaiters penetrating more than three stories
shall be provided with a means of venting smoke and hot gases to the outer air in case of fire. Section 54.9.2 The
area of vents shall be not less than 31⁄2 percent of the area of each dumbwaiter car in the hoistway or not less
than 0.5 ft 22), whichever is greater.
7.2.2 Fire Fighter’s Elevator Design Concept
The fire fighter’s elevator serves the entire building. These elevators will be provided with an elevator lobby as
required by GCC Chapter 4, Section 5. The design team has opted to use elevator pressurization to meet the
intent of preventing smoke and fire from entering the elevator hoistway to achieve minimum 12.5 Pa at the
elevator shaft doors.
A separate mechanical ventilation to remove the smoke from the elevator hoistway will not be provided for the
service elevator or the fire fighter’s elevator. Use of elevator lobbies and pressurization of the elevator hoistway
will prevent smoke entering the elevator hoistway.
N.B. Pressure relief openings with dampers shall be provided at each fire lift lobby to discharge outside
building to relief excessive pressure caused by the hoistway fans.
7.2.3 Computational Modeling for Elevator Lobby Pressurization
In recognition of both the complexity of the flow geometry and the multitude of driving forces that must be
considered in a high-rise building, the elevator hoistway pressurization system has been designed with the aid of a
computer model. Generally a network flow analysis is needed to determine if pressurized elevator lobbies and
pressurized stairwells are capable of being balanced to perform as intended. Also, assumptions regarding the
tightness of construction must be made both logically and conservatively so that the end result will increase in
precision over very simplistic and ultimately inadequate hand calculations. The model software CONTAM1 is
designed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology with this purpose in mind.
7.2.4 Computational Modeling Scenarios
The pressure difference criteria listed in Table 7.2.4 will be used, and these criteria are consistent with pressure
differences requirements in the NFPA 5000 and NFPA 92A. The minimum pressure difference criteria are
intended to prevent smoke flow into the elevator hoistway and stairwells. The maximum pressure difference
criteria for stairwells and elevator hoistways are intended to prevent excessive door opening forces.
Table 7.2.4 Minimum Pressure Differentials
Active Smoke Control System Minimum Pa (in. H2O)
Pressurized Firefighter’s Elevator Hoistways 12.5 (0.05)
Pressurized Stairs 12.5 (0.05)
Zoned Smoke Control (Corridor Exhaust) in incident floor 12.5 (0.05)
The max allowable pressure difference shall not result in door-opening forces exceeding the requirements
of NFPA 92A, Section 5.2.2 and Table A.5.2.2. A maximum door-opening force is specified at 30 lbf.
1
User Guide and Program Documentation, NISTIR 7251, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2010.
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The combination of stair and elevator hoistway pressurization will include supply air injected at top of the elevator
shafts (or at selected locations as noted in the Appendix C), with the supply air injected at selected levels of the
stairs through dedicated shafts adjacent to the stairs. The zoned smoke control system has been modeled at all
levels to verify worst-case conditions.
7.3 Zoned-Smoke Control System (Corridor Exhaust)
The building is divided into multiple smoke-control zones, as previously discussed. Each zone is separated from
the adjacent zones by smoke barrier constructions. The pressurization of the stair enclosures and elevator
hoistway pressurization discussed previously is primarily intended to prevent smoke infiltration into these open
shafts. However, smoke can flow through cracks in floors, walls, doors, windows, and through other non-
pressurized shafts.
For the hotel towers, each corridor will be considered a separate smoke zone and it will be further enhanced with
a zoned-smoke control exhaust system. In the event of a fire in the hotel corridor, pressure differences produced
by pressurization fans for stairs and elevators will be used to keep the exits (stair enclosures) clear of smoke and
will prevent smoke migration into the elevator hoistways. Supplemental exhaust of the corridor (fire floor) and
adjacent corridor above and below can provide enhanced smoke control protection.
The zoned-smoke control system will be designed to maintain a pressure differential of +0.05 inches of water
column (+12.5 Pa) between the fire zone and all adjacent active smoke-control zones. This pressure differential
will help to limit smoke spread to the zone in which the fire initiated. Corridor negative pressurization will be
provided on the residential floors only. The system will activate on the floor of incident only and will be exhausted
to achieve a minimum negative pressure differential of +12.44 Pa between the corridor area and adjacent zones.
Minimum pressure differentials of -12.44 Pa are required to be maintained from the fire floor corridor to the
adjacent passenger elevator hoistways on the floor of incident only with all elevator doors in the closed position.
7.4 Sequence of Operation
Activation of the smoke-control system will be accomplished as noted in Appendix B of this report. Additional
functions will include:
 Signal indication at the firefighter’s smoke-control panel. Refer to section within this report on firefighter’s
control panel.
 HVAC system shut down.
 Elevator recall to designated level approved by Civil Defense.
7.5 Smoke Zones
Smoke zones will correspond with automatic sprinkler zones and each building floor level will be considered a
separate smoke zone.
7.6 Standby Power
The emergency generator will be sized based on the demand of all smoke-control equipment, panels, and controls
for the most demanding smoke-control sequence. The standby power source and its transfer switches will be
located outdoors. Transfer to full standby power must be automatic and occur within 60 seconds of failure of the
primary power. (NFPA 5000, Section 11.2.3.12)
Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
The standby power source and its transfer switches are required to be in a separate room from the normal power
transformers and switch gears, and ventilated directly to and from the exterior. The room is required to be
enclosed with not less than 1-hour fire barriers, horizontal assemblies, or both.
7.7 Equipment
The smoke-control system will be provided with the equipment, features, and requirements listed below.
7.7.1 Smoke-Control System Fans
Smoke control system fans will be provided with 1.5 times the required number of belts (minimum 2) for belt-
driven fans. Fan motors will have a minimum service factor of 1.15 and the operation of fans in smoke mode will
be confirmed by positive indication with differential pressure switches.
7.7.2 Smoke-Control System Ducts
Duct leakage is required to be less than 5-percent of the design flow when tested to 1.5 times maximum design
pressure. Ducts will not be designed as product conveying systems. Air inlets and exhaust outlets will be located
to minimize the potential for introducing smoke or flame into the building.
7.7.3 Smoke-Control System Dampers
As required by NFPA 5000, Section 8.11.6.6, smoke dampers will have a minimum Class II, 250F rating. The
active smoke-control system (i.e. pressurization stair fans) does not have any active dampers. Passive smoke fire
dampers will not be shown on the firefighter’s panel.
7.7.4 Power Systems
The smoke-control systems will be supplied with two sources of power. Primary power may be from the normal
building power systems. Secondary power will be from an approved standby source complying with article 701 of
NFPA 70. The standby power source and its transfer switches will be in a separate room from the normal power
transformers and switchgear. Power distribution from the two sources will be by separate routes (NFPA 92A
Section 6.4.5.2)
Elements of the smoke-control system relying on volatile memories will be supplied with uninterruptible power
sources of sufficient duration to span a 15-minute primary power interruption. Elements of the smoke-control
system susceptible to power surges will be suitably protected by power conditioners, suppressors or other
approved means. All wiring, regardless of voltage, will be fully enclosed within continuous raceways (NFPA 92A,
Section 6.7.1).
7.7.5 Control Systems
Supervision for sensing of airflow will be by differential pressure transmitters. Required supervision will be
indicated at the firefighter’s control panel. All wiring, regardless of voltage, will be fully enclosed within continuous
raceways (NFPA 92A, Section 6.4.3.7). Normal activation of the smoke-control system will be by automatic
control (NFPA 92A, Section 6.4.3.1).
Fire detection systems providing control input or output signals to mechanical smoke control systems or elements
thereof must comply with the requirements of NFPA 92A, Section 6.4.4.1.
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Control systems are required to include provisions for verification. Verification includes positive confirmation of  Fans, dampers, and other operating equipment in off (or closed) mode – Red.
actuation, testing, manual override, the presence of power downstream of all disconnects, and through a
preprogrammed weekly test sequence, report abnormal conditions audibly, visually, and by printed report. 7.9.2 Detection and Control Systems

7.8 Response Time To meet the requirements of the Underwriter’s Laboratories (UL) requirements for smoke-control systems, the
detection and control system will be UUKL listed for smoke control. The activation control and status of the
smoke-control strategy will be performed by a combined system made up of the fire alarm detection system and
Smoke-control system activation will be initiated within 10 seconds after receipt of an appropriate automatic or
the firefighter’s control panel. The design team must provide a design/layout of the firefighter’s control panel for
manual activation command (NFPA 92A Section 6.4.3.6.1). Smoke-control systems will activate individual
review prior to fabrication.
components (such as dampers and fans) in the sequence necessary to prevent physical damage to the fans,
dampers, ducts and other equipment. NFPA 92A section 6.4.3.6.3
8. Passive Smoke Control
The time necessary for individual components to
Smoke-control systems are intended to provide a tenable environment for the evacuation and relocation of
achieve their desired state or operational mode once the component receives the signal shall not exceed the
occupants. All structural components that are defined as smoke barriers will be sealed to the maximum allowable
following time periods:
leakage area specifications of NFPA 5000 Section 8.11.6.6.1. Definitions, requirements, and assumptions for
these smoke barriers are provided herein.
(1) Fan operation at the desired state: 60 seconds

(2) Completion of damper travel: 75 seconds 9. Passive Barriers

For purposes of smoke-control, the firefighter’s control panel response time will be the same for automatic or Passive barriers, which may or may not have a fire-resistive rating, will be used to limit smoke migration from the
manual smoke-control action initiated from any other building control point. zone of fire origin to the surrounding building. This method relies on the natural compartmentalizing effect of
smoke barriers to assist in smoke containment. NFPA 92A, Table A.4.6.1 specifies maximum allowable
The total response time, including that necessary for detection, shutdown of operating equipment, and smoke aggregate leakage areas for smoke barrier construction as shown in Table 1. These leakage areas are exclusive
control system startup must allow for full operational mode to be achieved before the conditions in the space of protected openings.
exceed the design smoke condition.
Table 1: NFPA 92A Prescribed Leakage Area Ratios for Construction Elements
7.9 Firefighter’s Control Panel
Construction Element Leakage Area Ratio (A/Aw)
A firefighter’s control panel will be provided in the Fire Command Center for manual control or override of
-3
automatic control for smoke-control systems (NFPA 92A Section 6.4.4.3). The firefighter’s panel will graphically Exit Enclosures 0.35x10
depict the building arrangement and smoke-control system zones served by the systems. Fans, major ducts, and All Other Shafts 0.18x10
-2

dampers within the building that are part of the smoke-control systems will be shown on the control panel (NFPA -3
Floors and Roofs 0.17x10
92A, Section 6.4.3.7). The firefighter’s control panel is required to be approved prior to fabrication.

Where:
7.9.1 Control capabilities
Control capabilities will include an “On – Auto – Off” control for each individual zone, which can activate and A = total leakage area, square feet
deactivate all necessary fans, open/close related dampers, and control all other operating smoke-control AW = unit wall, floor, or roof area of barrier, square feet (Section 909.5)
equipment that can also be controlled from other sources within the building, as a single unit. Note: Total leakage area of the barrier is the product of the smoke barrier gross area times the allowable
leakage area ratio.
The firefighter’s control panel will take highest priority over all other building sources. The controls and indicators
will be combined to control and indicate all elements of a single smoke zone as a unit (NFPA 92A, Section Passive barriers include the following building elements:
6.4.5.2).
 Floor-ceiling assemblies
On the graphic zone panel, status lamps will be provided for the indication of operation of all smoke-control
 Shafts
equipment within each smoke zone as a single unit as follows (NFPA 92A, Annex D):
 Stair enclosures
 Fans, dampers, and other operating equipment in normal mode – White.
 Fans, dampers, and other operating equipment in smoke-control mode – Green.
 Fans, dampers, and other operating equipment in fault mode – Yellow/Amber.

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page 7
10. Openings
Openings in smoke barriers will be protected by self-closing devices or automatic-closing devices (such as smoke
dampers) actuated by the required controls for the smoke-control system. All door openings in smoke barriers
shall be protected by tight fitting smoke and draft-control assemblies having a fire-protection rating of not less than
20 minutes when tested in accordance with UL 1784. Doors in exit enclosures and other rated assemblies must
comply with NFPA 105 requirements. Such doors shall not have louvers, mail slots, or similar openings. The
door and frame shall bear an approved label or other identification showing the name of the manufacturer, the
name of the third-party inspection agency, the fire protection rating, and the maximum transmitted temperature
end point for fire doors in exit enclosures and exit passageways.
Smoke and draft control doors complying with UL 1784 must be labeled as such and must show the letter “S” on
the fire rating label of the door (NFPA 105, Section 4.3.1). Doors shall be maintained self-closing or shall be
automatic closing by actuation of a smoke detector in accordance with NFPA 105, Section 4.5.1. Smoke and
draft-control door assemblies shall be provided with a gasket installed to provide a seal where the door meets the
stop on both sides and across the top.
11. Computational Modeling
In recognition of both the complexity of the flow geometry and the multitude of driving forces that must be
considered in a high-rise building, the proposed smoke-control system was designed with the aid of a computer
model. The model software CONTAM Version 3.1 was designed by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) with this purpose in mind. Refer to Appendix D for computer model floor plans.
12. Rational Analysis
NFPA 5000 requires that systems or methods of construction to be used for smoke-control be based on a rational
analysis in accordance with well-established principles of engineering. At a minimum, the analysis must address
stack effect, temperature effects of fire, wind effect, HVAC system effects, and climatic effects. This section
describes these considerations. The rational analysis was performed using the computer model CONTAMW and
engineering judgment based on fire tests and historical data.
12.1 Stack Effect
The system must be designed such that the maximum probable normal or reverse stack effects will not adversely
interfere with the system’s capability. An evaluation of stack effect must consider altitude, elevation, weather
history, and interior temperatures. Smoke movement from a fire can be dominated by stack effect. During normal
stack effect, occurring when building interior temperatures are greater than exterior temperatures, there is
frequently an upward movement of air below the neutral plane within stair enclosures and shafts (sometimes
referred to the chimney effect). Conversely, during reverse stack effect (when it is hot outside and a building is
air-conditioned); smoke above the neutral plane may flow downward via shafts and stair enclosures.
Studies (Tamura and Wilson 1966, 1967) have shown that stack effect is significant for shafts but is negligible for
floor to floor pressure differences. Stack effects related to altitude, elevation, weather, and interior temperature
are inputs to the computer model CONTAMW.
o
The interior building temperature was assumed constant at 70 F and exterior temperature is adjusted to reflect
high and low temperature conditions for stack effect. Climate values are discussed in the “Climate” section of this
report. These values have been used as input data.
Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
12.2 Temperature Effect of Fire
Buoyancy and expansion caused by the design fire must be analyzed. Tests conducted at the Plaza Hotel (Klote
1990) demonstrated that large un-sprinklered fires present the greatest challenge because the hot and buoyant
gases from an uncontrolled fire generate significant pressures. Tests of sprinklered fires without smoke-control
were performed. The tests concluded that rapid extinguishment of fire by sprinklers provides smoke-control by
limiting the production of smoke. It is important to note that no smoke was observed in the stairs or in non-alarm
zones during tests of sprinklered fires without a smoke-control system.
The building will have a supervised, automatic sprinkler system. Therefore, the temperature effects resultant from
a sprinklered fire are assumed to be minimal.
12.3 Wind Effect
Wind data was obtained from the 2012 smoke control engineering handbook, Chapter 2, Climatic Design
Information for the input into the CONTAMW computer model. The mean wind speed, the 0.4% cooling dry-bulb
temperature and the 99% heating dry-bulb temperature, and the wind direction (north, east, south, and west) were
input to run different simulations. These scenarios were evaluated in the analysis for both summer and winter
design conditions. In addition, recognized engineering publications recommend that the 1% extreme wind speed
be used for design conditions. This data is provided in Appendix A – Climatic Design Information.
This wind data and consideration of the topographical and atmospheric conditions of the area, was used to
evaluate the wind effect using the mean wind speed and prevailing direction for the area. The analysis of wind
considers a speed of 6.3 meters per second for the 1% extreme wind speed of Makkah.
12.4 HVAC Systems Effects
The operation of the HVAC systems on the transport of smoke was considered. These effects are considered
negligible because common area systems not used in smoke-control will be automatically shut down during
emergency operations.
Specifically, HVAC systems throughout the building will shut down. Dampers in shut down systems will operate to
prevent smoke from migrating floor to floor through HVAC duct work and create an effective smoke barrier
between smoke zones. Toilet exhaust does not generate a large enough pressure difference to impact smoke-
control systems and will not be controlled in the smoke-control sequence of operations.
12.5 Climate
Temperature data was obtained from the 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals, Chapter 27, Climatic Design
Information for the input into the CONTAMW numerical model. This data is provided in Appendix A – Climatic
Design Information.
The effects of temperature considered the average of annual extreme maximum and minimum temperatures
recorded in Makkah. The temperature values are 45.1C and 17.2C, which were used as inputs to CONTAMW
to predict climatic temperature effects.
All of the factors necessary for a rational analysis as identified in NFPA 92A were considered and evaluated
through the use of CONTAMW and other well-established principles of engineering. The CONTAMW results
confirm that adequate pressure differences will be provided to prevent smoke migration into the vestibules and
stairs in either winter or summer conditions. Refer to Appendix E for computer modeling result for winter and
summer simulations.
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12.6 Leakage of Building Components 13. Building Assumptions
The prescribed leakage ratios listed in Table 5 allow for fairly porous smoke barrier construction. However, such
Following are the key assumptions used in this analysis:
significant leakage is not characteristic of modern high-rise construction. For a more accurate portrayal of air
infiltration in modern construction, data published by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-  All stairwell and vestibule doors may be equipped with adjustable door sweeps such that the free flow area
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has been utilized. The first effort to compile such data for leakage rates in underneath these doors may be adjusted within the flow area ranges listed in this report.
actual building shafts was conducted almost 37 years ago by scientists at the National Research Council of
Canada2. Perhaps the most important conclusion of this research was that air leakage in actual buildings is  The proposed building is fully sprinklered and the elevator shafts will not be provided with a vent in
accordance with NFPA 5000, Section 54.9.3. Firefighter’s elevators which are pressurized do not require to be
primarily a function of construction materials and workmanship. While the former can be ascertained during the
vented.
design phase of a building, the latter remains ambiguous until testing and balancing is performed. The results of
this research were grouped into qualitative characterizations of tight, average and loose buildings.  All elevator shaft and smoke barrier doors will be able to close against anticipated door forces.
 Automatic sprinkler and alarm/detection systems will be zoned in accordance with the smoke-control system
Although construction techniques have undoubtedly improved in the past 37 years, the current values listed in zones. The detection and alarm control system will be UUKL listed for smoke control.
NFPA 92A, Table A.4.6.1 (Table 1 of this report) most closely coincide with what was considered loose to very
 Smoke detectors (duct-type, spot-type, or full coverage system) will be provided for the actuation of smoke
loose construction decades ago. Such provisions in the building code are not conservative, considering that over-
dampers.
pressurization of building spaces may lead to non-compliant door opening forces in the building. Fortunately,
more recent leakage data has been collected and published by ASHRAE for a variety of common construction
elements. In an effort to more accurately portray modern building tightness, leakage areas of building components 14. Smoke-Control System Acceptance Test Criteria
were obtained from the Handbook of Smoke Control Engineering3.
An acceptance test of the smoke-control system will be necessary to confirm proper smoke-control system
As referenced in the Handbook of Smoke Control Engineering, this more recent data is based on pressurization activation and operation. This is accomplished through a combination of visual inspection of smoke-control
measurements in buildings observed by Tamura and Wilson (1966), Tamura and Shaw (1976 and 1978), and system components and measurement of pressure differentials and door opening forces while the system is in
Shaw, Reardon, Cheung (1993) and Klote (2012). These studies provide more realistic estimates of median operation.
leakage. The referenced data utilized in the CONTAM model is shown in Table 4.
CONTAM is used as a tool to perform the calculations necessary to properly size the fans based upon the rational
Table 2: CONTAM Model Leakage Area Ratios for Construction Elements (average leakage) analysis. A safety factor is used when sizing fans and it is expected that actual airflow will be adjusted during air-
balance to achieve proper pressure differences, while not exceeding door force requirements. In accordance with
Construction Element Leakage Area Ratio (A/Aw m2) NFPA 5000, Section 11.2.1.4.5, the door leaf operating forces required to fully open any door leaf manually in a
-4
means of egress will not exceed 67 N (15 lbf) to release the latch, 133 N (30 lbf) to set the door leaf in motion, and
Exterior Walls 0.17 x10 67 N (15 lbf) to open the door leaf to the minimum required width, unless otherwise specified as follows. This
-3
Interior Walls 0.35 x10 generally correlates to a maximum pressure difference of 104.6 Pascals or less. The testing will establish this
-4 criteria for each required door, as door size and closure force will vary slightly between the doors. The following
Floors and Roof 0.52 x10
sections describe the inspections and tests that should be conducted for proper confirmation.
Elevator Shafts Walls 0.84 x10-4
Stairwell Walls 0.11 x10-4 14.1 Smoke Control Ductwork
Single Door 0.023 per item
It is the responsibility of the Mechanical Engineer to calculate estimates for static pressure losses in the
Double door 0.045 per item
smoke control ductwork, including estimates for pressure losses due to various components such as duct
Elevator Door 0.06 per item fittings, dampers and grills4.

In light of the degree of uncertainty surrounding the general characterization of the existing building construction, it
is recommended that certain measures be taken to facilitate system balancing during the special inspection.
These actions are the use of Variable Frequency Drives with all smoke control system pressurization fans as well
as the installation of adjustable door sweeps on all stairwell and vestibule doors, and high quality door closers.
This estimate for static pressure, coupled with an estimate for velocity pressure will then be used by the
Mechanical Engineer to predict air leakage from the smoke control ductwork. The air capacities specified in
this Rational Analysis and Technical Report do not take into account such air leakage estimates.
Therefore, the Mechanical Engineer may choose to increase the air capacities in this report to compensate for
predicted ductwork leakage.

Leakage of pressurization air from smoke control ductwork will result in a reduced amount of air supplied to
pressurized smoke zones. Such leakage is determined by a combination of static pressure, duct openings and
2
Tamura, GT, and Shaw, CY; Air Leakage Data for the Design of Elevator and Stair Shaft Pressurization. Systems, ASHRAE
Transactions 82(Part II): 179-190.
3
Klote, Milke, Turnbull, Kashef, and Ferreira; Handbook of Smoke Control Engineering; ASHRAE; 2012. 4 rd
Gladstone, J. and W. Bevirt. HVAC Testing, Adjusting and Balancing Manual, 3 Edition. McGraw-Hill.

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page 9
workmanship5. In order to confirm that the leakage rates predicted by the Mechanical Engineer coincide with
actual values, a duct leakage test must be performed. The results of this test should verify that the actual amount
of leakage from the smoke control ductwork does not compromise the design intent of the smoke control system.
All smoke control ductwork will be tested in accordance with the procedures outlined by the Sheet Metal and Air
Conditioning Contractors National Association Leakage Test Manual (1985) and the National Standards for Total
System Balance (2002) as recommended by the Associated Air Balance Council.
The following test requirements are highlighted below:
 Smoke-control ductwork will be visually inspected to verify no damage has occurred during installation.
 All ductwork sealing/resealing should be cured prior to performing leakage testing.
 The flow measuring device should have a certified calibration curve that is both signed and sealed by the
manufacturer. In addition, the device should be accurate to within  3.5 percent of the flow indicated6.
 Smoke-control system ductwork will be leakage tested to 1.5 times its design pressure. The test must
conclude that the total amount of duct leakage does not exceed 5 percent of the design flow.
14.2 Fans
Fans must be visually examined for proper rotation. Measurement of voltage, amperage, revolutions per minute
and belt tension (for belt driven fans) will be performed. Such values shall be within the range of values specified
by the manufacturer.
During the process of testing and balancing, it may be discovered that certain balancing devices must be installed
to meet the design intent of the smoke control system. Single or opposed blade volume dampers should not be
used directly behind diffusers and grilles due to the ease with which tampering may occur during the lifetime of the
system7. Balancing dampers may instead be utilized at the system takeoffs at the discretion of the Mechanical
Engineer of record.
14.3 Dampers
The construction and performance of smoke dampers under various conditions have been evaluated by
Underwriters Laboratories under the UL 555 S: Standard for Smoke Dampers8. During the special inspection, it is
important to confirm proper installation, ratings and listings such that the equipment is utilized in compliance with
the standard. Such confirmation will be made during the special inspection by utilizing procedures that include but
are not limited to those outlined in the referenced standard.
15. Activation of System
The smoke-control system will be activated to test all appropriate smoke-control system components.
15.1 Automatic Activation
The system will be activated through automatic means to verify proper system operation. The fire alarm panel will
be verified for proper signal identification. The firefighter’s smoke-control panel will be verified for proper signal
identification and status indication.
5
National Standards for Total System Balance. Associated Air Balance Council: Washington, D.C., 2002. Section 5.1.2.
6
National Standards for Total System Balance. Associated Air Balance Council: Washington, D.C., 2002. Section 5.2.2.
7
National Standards for Total System Balance. Associated Air Balance Council: Washington, D.C., 2002. Section 6.4.
8 th
UL 555 S: Standard for Smoke Dampers, 4 edition: Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 1999.
Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09
Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Pressure differentials will be measured to confirm that the minimum required pressure differentials are met while
not exceeding the maximum door opening forces noted in this report. The locations are listed below:
 Stair to vestibule or floor on alarm zone.
15.2 Manual Activation
The system will be activated manually through the use of the firefighter’s control panel. The panel will be checked
to verify proper signal identification and status indication. In addition, the applicable smoke-control equipment will
be checked to verify proper operation in accordance with the sequence of operation. While the smoke-control
system is in the automatic mode, it will be confirmed through manipulation of the firefighter’s control panel controls
that the panel can override all other signals and functions.
16. Supervision
System supervision will be verified by disconnecting various system components to confirm supervision at the fire
alarm control panel.
17. Secondary Power
A test will be conducted simulating the loss of the primary power to the smoke-control system. It will be confirmed
by testing that the system, including all smoke-control components, can run under full standby power for a
minimum of 20 minutes and transfer to full standby power will occur within 60 seconds of failure of primary power.
18. Passive Smoke Barrier Construction
The building is divided into a number of smoke zones, each separated from the others by passive smoke barriers.
Each floor of the building will be a separate smoke-control zone. A typical office floor plan will have limited sub-
zones, including stair enclosures, elevator shafts, and other shafts.
18.1 Visual Inspection
Passive barrier construction will be visually inspected to verify that leakage areas do not exceed those permitted
by smoke barrier construction. All ducts, vents and other orifices should be sealed prior to conducting the final
acceptance test. Visual inspections will include, but not be limited to the following:
Pipes, conduits, bus ducts, cables, wires, air ducts, pneumatic tubes and ducts, and similar building service
equipment that pass through smoke barriers will be inspected to verify that the space between the penetrating
item and the smoke barrier is filled with a material capable of maintaining smoke resistance or by an approved
device designed for the specific purpose.
Penetrating items that use a sleeve to penetrate the smoke barrier will be inspected to verify that the sleeve is
solidly set in the barrier and that the space between the item and the sleeve is filled with a material capable of
maintaining smoke resistance or by an approved device designed for the specific purpose.
Smoke barriers will be inspected to verify that the barrier is continuous throughout and that all barriers are
continuous through all concealed spaces.
Doors in smoke barriers will be inspected to verify that they close, leaving only the minimum clearance necessary
for proper operation, and will be without undercuts, louvers, or frills. In addition, self-closing or automatic-closing
functions will be tested.
9 March 2015
Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Page 10
Other openings in smoke barriers will be inspected to verify that they are protected with self-closing or automatic-  The fire alarm panel will be verified for proper signal identification.
closing devices actuated by the smoke-control system and operate properly to seal the opening.
 The fire fighters smoke-control panel will be verified for proper signal identification and status indication.
18.2 Leakage Testing  Pressure differentials will be measured to confirm that the minimum pressure differentials are met.

The passive smoke barriers will be tested to confirm that leakage does not exceed that estimated by NFPA 92A,
Table A.4.6.1. This will be accomplished by pressurizing at least one floor level through use of the HVAC system 19.1.6 Manual Activation
or door fans. The leakage will be calculated and compared to the NFPA 92A requirements.
The system will be activated manually through the use of the fire fighters control panel. The panel will be checked
to verify proper signal identification and status indication. In addition, the applicable smoke-control equipment will
19. Smoke-Control System Acceptance Test Criteria be checked to verify proper operation in accordance with the sequence of operation.
While the smoke-control system is in the automatic mode, it will be confirmed through manipulation of the
19.1 Smoke Control Special Inspections firefighter’s control panel controls that the panel can override all other signals and functions.
19.1.7 Smoke Control Special Inspections Procedures
An acceptance test of the smoke-control system will be necessary to confirm proper smoke-control system
activation and operation. This is accomplished through a combination of visual inspection of smoke-control system Testing and commissioning of the smoke control system requires special inspections. Refer to appendix F for a
components and measurement of pressure differentials and door opening forces while the system is in the active summary of requirements.
mode. Since confirmation of code compliance of minimum pressure differentials can be objectively accomplished
through pressure measurement equipment, a smoke test will not be required. Furthermore, the practice of using
cold smoke for such tests is inappropriate as a lack of buoyancy in the smoke would render the results of such a
20. Report
simulation entirely irrelevant9.
A complete smoke-control report of testing will be prepared by the required Special Inspector. The report will
CONTAMW is used as a tool to perform the calculations necessary to properly size the fans based upon the include identification of all devices by manufacturer nameplate data, design values, measured values and
rational analysis. A safety factor is used when sizing fans and it is expected that actual airflow will be adjusted identification tag or mark.
during air-balance to achieve proper pressure differences, while not exceeding door force requirements. Doors
must be set in motion when subjected to a 30 pound force and swing to a full-open position when subjected to a The report will be reviewed by the mechanical engineer of record, and when satisfied that the design intent has
15 pound force. The testing will establish this criteria for each required door, as door size and closure force will been achieved, the engineer of record will sign and date the report with the following statement:
vary slightly between the doors. The following inspections and tests should be conducted for proper confirmation.
"I have reviewed the report, and by personal knowledge and on-site observation, certify that the smoke-control
system is in substantial compliance with the design intent and, to the best of my understanding, complies with the
19.1.1 Smoke-Control Ductwork requirements of the code."
Smoke-control ductwork will be visually inspected to verify no damage has occurred during installation.
Smoke-control system ductwork will be leakage tested to 1.5 times its design pressure using the Leakage Test 21. Conclusion
Manual published by the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc. (SMACNA). The
test must conclude that the leakage does not exceed 5% of the design flow. The smoke-control system design documented in this report relies on a combination of passive and active
elements. This methodology results in a system that meets and exceeds requirements outlined in the fire strategy
19.1.2 Fans
report, while providing adequate tenability, as demonstrated by the CONTAM model.
Fans must be visually examined for proper rotation. Measurement of voltage, amperage, revolutions per minute
and belt tension (for belt driven fans) will be performed.
Aon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation
19.1.3 Dampers
Smoke-control system dampers will be visually inspected to confirm proper installation, proper rating and listings.
19.1.4 Activation of System
The smoke-control system will be activated to test all appropriate smoke-control system components.
19.1.5 Automatic Activation

 The system will be activated through automatic means to verify proper system operation.

9
National Standards for Total System Balance. Associated Air Balance Council: Washington, D.C., 2002. Section 20.4.3.2.

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page 11
Appendix A – Climatic Design Data

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix A 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page A-1
Appendix B – Sequence of Operations
STAIR CASES AREA CORRIDOR Fire Lift Dampers

Shut down HVAC system in effected

on smoke control ducting exhaust
OPEN Motorized smoke dampers
CLOSE HVAC motorized dampers
on ducting system in dedicated
Activation of Exhaust Incident
System Output

system on dedicated floor

corresponding damper
floor only with its
SMOKE CONTROL CAUSE EFFECT MATRIX
Phase 4- S9

STAIR 3A

Tower S07A

Tower S07B
STAIR 1

STAIR 2

STAIR 4

STAIR 5

STAIR 6

STAIR 7

STAIR 8

STAIR 9

Tower S03
TOWERS SR 07A, 07B, 03

Fire Lift s

Fire Lift s

Fire Lift s

floor

area
System Input
1 Manual Pull station at any level in S07A X X
2 Manual Pull station at any level in S07B X X
3 Manual Pull station at any level in SR03 X X
4 Manual Pull station at any level in Podium Area X X X X X X X X X
Confirmed fire signal from typical floor (WFD OR 2 x Smoke detectors,
5 X X X X X X X
upon evacuation alarm) in S07A Tower
Confirmed fire signal from typical floor (WFD OR 2 x Smoke detectors,
6 X X X X X X X
upon evacuation alarm) in S07B Tower
Confirmed fire signal from typical floor (WFD OR 2 x Smoke detectors,
7 X X X X X X X
upon evacuation alarm) in SR03 Tower
Confirmed fire signal from typical floor (WFD OR 2 x Smoke detectors,
8 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
upon evacuation alarm) in PODIUM AREA
Fire signal from Back of house service area (store, electrical room,
9 X X X
house keeping,…) Tower S07A
Fire signal from Back of house service area (store, electrical room,
10 X X X
house keeping,…) Tower S07B
Fire signal from Back of house service area (store, electrical room,
11 X X X
house keeping,…) Tower SR03

NOTES
ALL SMOKE CONTROL DAMPERS ARE MOTORIZED TYPE SET AT NORMAL CLOSED POSITION (0)
SMOKE DAMPERS LOCATED ON SMOKE EXHAUST DUCTS WILL OPERATE ONLY IN THE FIRE FLOOR
ALL HVAC MOTORISED SMOKE FIRE DAMPERS,HVAC SYSTEM SHOULD CLOSE UPON ACTIVATION OF ALARM

ALL FANS ARE STANDBY POSITION

STAIR PRESSURIZATION FANS
FIRE LIFT LOBBY PRESSURIZATION
CORRIDOR EXHAUST FANS IN TOWERS

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix B 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page B-1
 Appendix C – Fans Schedule and Minimum Air Capacities
It is recommended that the fan selection provide as wide a range of operation as practical and that
a method of fan speed adjustment (i.e. variable frequency drive) be considered to achieve the
necessary point of fan operation and to reduce field testing and balancing time.

Original design Recommended

Fan Model No. Original design Recommended
capacities (L/s) Flow Rate (L/s) Fan Model No.
capacities (L/s) Flow Rate (L/s)
STAIRS
FIRE LIFT
1 PF-P09-G1-01 7000 600
S07A-07 PF-P9-SR7A-MR1-04-01 4185 12500
2 PF-P09-LT-01 4170
S07A-08 PF-P9-SR7A-MR1-04-02 4185 12500
2 PF-SR7A-MR1-01 15290 3960
S07B-07 PF-P9-SR7B-MR1-04-01 4185 13500
3B PF-P09-LT-03 2085 585
S07B-08 PF-P9-SR7B-MR1-04-02 4185 13500
3A PF-P09-LT-02 7835 450
SR03-07 PF-P9-SR3-MR1-04-01 4185 12500
3A PF-SR7B-MR1-01 16280 5445
SR03-08 PF-P9-SR3-MR1-04-02 4185 12500
4 PF-P09-C3-01 11320 720
5 PF-P09-C4-01 6280 1560 CORRIDOR EXHAUST
5 PF-SR7A-MR1-02 18840 4680 SF-P09-SR7A-MR1-01 11050 C*
6 PF-P09-LT-04 6280 1560 SF-P09-SR7B-MR1-01 11050 C*
6 PF-SR7B-MR1-02 18840 4680 SF-P09-SR3-MR1-01 11050 C*
Typical floor
7 PF-P09-C4-02 9750 1800 SMKF-P09-SR7A-MR1-01 3460 3750
8 PF-P09-LT-05 7560 1995 SMKF-P09-SR7B-MR1-01 3460 3000
8A PF-P09- SR3-MR1-01 20790 4455 SMKF-P09-SR03-MR1-01 3460 3750
9 PF-P09-C1-01 6280 1560 PASSENGER LIFTS
9 PF-P09-SR3-MR1-02 18840 4680 Vents only No fan 1250x650 A*
LIFT LOBBY
PF-P09-SR7A-MR1-03 2200 B* A* - Refer to section 7.2 to determine recommended vent area
B* - Fans not used in the design refer to smoke control strategy section 6
PF-P09-C04-03 1120 B*
C* - Pressurization fans will not run refer to smoke control strategy
Typical PF-P09-SR7B-MR1-03 2200 B* section 6
floor PF-P09-SR3-MR1-03 2200 B*
PF-P09-LT-06 1120 B*
PF-P09-C1-02 1120 B*

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix C 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page C-1
Appendix D – CONTAM Floor Plans
Nomenclature
Stairwell

Elevators

Water tanks

Passengers Lifts

Parking Garage (Active smoke control zone, supply/exhaust)

Commercial Area

Figure D.1- Basement 3 Floor Level +304.6

Figure D.2- Basement 2 Floor Level +307.8

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix D 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page D-1
 Figure D.3- Basement 1 Floor Level +311.0

Figure D.5- Commercial 1 Floor Level +320.6

Figure D.4- Ground Floor Level +316.0

Figure D.6- Commercial 2 Floor Level +325.3

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix D 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page D-2
 Figure D.9- Lower Technical Floor Level +339.5
Figure D.7- Commercial 3 Floor Level +329.5

Figure D.10- Typical Floor Level 1 (+345.5) to 19(+408.5)

Figure D.8- Commercial 4 Floor Level +333.6

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix D 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page D-3
 Figure D.11- Upper Technical -1 Floor Level +413.6

Figure D.13- Machine Room Floor Level +424.0

Figure D.12- Upper Technical-2 Floor Level +418.6

Figure D.14- Roof Floor Level +427.5

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix D 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page D-4
Appendix E – Model Reports
E-1 Active Smoke Control
 Stair Enclosure Pressure Differentials:

- Minimum pressure differentials of +12.5 Pa (+0.05 inches of water column) are required to be provided
between each stair enclosure and the adjacent fire floor area.
- Where vestibules are provided, they will not be considered an extension of the stair enclosure and pressure
differentials will be measured between the stair enclosure and the vestibule.
- The minimum pressure differential of +12.5 Pa (+0.05 inches of water column) is to be obtained with all
doors in the closed position.
- All stairs shall have pressure relief vents.
- Centrifugal or vane-axial fans will be used to supply pressurization to the stair enclosures. A shield around
the intake will be provided to reduce adverse effects of wind on fan performance. Propeller fans, which are
more susceptible to wind effects, will not be used.
- The supply air intake will be separated from other building exhaust outlets that might expel smoke during a
fire. The separation should be as great as is practically possible to avoid recirculation of contaminated air.
The supply air intake for the elevator hoistway pressurization is required to be from an outside,
uncontaminated source located a minimum distance of 20 feet from any air exhaust system or outlet.
- Fan motors are required to have a minimum service factor of 1.15. Belt-driven fans are required to be
provided with 1.5 times the required number of belts; a minimum of 2.
- Contam modeling/analysis indicates the air capacities identified in Appendix C should be used for sizing
purposes. These capacities should have a wide range of operation and shall have a method of fan speed
adjustment (i.e. variable frequency drive) to achieve the necessary point of fan operation and to reduce field
testing and balancing time.

 Firefighter Elevator Hoistway Pressure Differentials:

- Minimum pressure differentials of +12.5 Pa (+0.05 inches of water column) are required to be provided
between the firefighter elevator and the adjacent elevator lobby or space.
- The minimum pressure differential of +12.5 Pa (+0.05 inches of water column) is to be obtained during
primary recall, secondary recall, and with all doors in the closed position.
- The minimum pressure differential is to be obtained on every floor.
- In order to achieve the required pressure differentials across the pressurized fire access elevators and
facilitate system commissioning, it is recommended the use of Variable Frequency Drives for all fans.

 Corridor Negative Pressurization:

- Corridor negative pressurization will be provided on the residential floors only.

- The system will activate on the floor of incident only and will be pressurized to achieve a minimum negative
pressure differential of +12.44 Pa relative to the corridors located immediately above and below the fire floor.
- Minimum pressure differentials of -12.44 Pa are required to be maintained from the fire floor corridor to the
adjacent passenger elevator hoistways on the floor of incident only with all elevator doors in the closed
position.

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-1
E-2 Scenario 1.A: Winter
– Model input parameters:

Value
Activation of Fire Alarm Manual Pull Station at any level in corridor Area in S07A: Parameter
Ambient Temperature 17.3 oC
 Sequence of Operation: Interior Temperature 20 oC
Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system
Only the staircases pressurization fans in S07A will be activated, listed below: 17.3 oC
operation
Wind speed 6.3 m/s
CORRESPONDING Level 10 –
FAN FUNCTION Incident Floors
AREA S07A
PF-SR7A-MR1-01 Tower-S07A
Stair 2
PF-P09-LT-01 PODIUM Area – Modeling Result
Supply
PF-SR7A-MR1-02 Tower-S07A
Stair 5
PF-P09-C4-01 PODIUM Area Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_S07A_Winters shaft report

Adjusted flows are the required flows to get the overall stair shafts within the acceptable differential pressures to level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
NFPA 92A.
+---------------------------+
 CONTAM floor plan for incident floor:
UT-2/lobb 49.8 < 83.68 49.8 > 83.68 lobb
Level 10 was assumed as incident floor. The CONTAM floor plan during the modeling is shown as Figure __. |------ ------|
UT-1/corr 46.0 < 80.46 46.0 > 80.46 corr
|------ ------|
19th/corr 31.6 < 66.68 31.6 > 66.68 corr
|------ ------|
18th/corr 30.7 < 65.70 30.7 > 65.70 corr
|------ ------|
17th/corr 30.6 < 65.63 30.6 > 65.63 corr
|------ ------|
16th/corr 30.6 < 65.62 30.6 > 65.62 corr
|------ ------|
15th/corr 30.6 < 65.61 30.6 > 65.61 corr
|------ ------|
14th/corr 30.6 < 65.61 30.6 > 65.61 corr
|------ ------|
13th/corr 30.6 < 65.61 30.6 > 65.61 corr
|------ ------|
12th/corr 30.6 < 65.60 30.6 > 65.60 corr
|------ ------|
11th/corr 30.6 < 65.60 30.6 > 65.60 corr
|------ ------|
10th/corr 30.6 < 65.60 30.6 > 65.60 corr
|------ ------|
9th/corr 30.6 < 65.60 30.6 > 65.60 corr
|------ ------|
Figure- CONTAM Floor Plan of Tower Level 10 8th/corr 30.6 < 65.59 30.6 > 65.59 corr
|------ ------|
7th/corr 30.6 < 65.59 30.6 > 65.59 corr
|------ ------|
6th/corr 30.6 < 65.59 30.6 > 65.59 corr
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-2
 5th/corr 30.6 < 65.58 30.6 > 65.58 corr 14th/corr 34.8 < 70.00 34.8 > 70.00 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
4th/corr 30.6 < 65.58 30.6 > 65.58 corr 13th/corr 34.8 < 70.00 34.8 > 70.00 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
3rd/corr 30.6 < 65.57 30.6 > 65.57 corr 12th/corr 34.8 < 70.00 34.8 > 70.00 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
2nd/corr 30.5 < 65.51 30.5 > 65.51 corr 11th/corr 34.8 < 69.99 34.8 > 69.99 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
1st/corr 29.8 < 64.74 29.8 > 64.74 corr 10th/corr 34.8 < 69.99 34.8 > 69.99 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
LT/lobb 45.9 < 80.32 45.9 > 80.32 lobb 9th/corr 34.8 < 69.99 34.8 > 69.99 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C4/exit 43.9 < 78.55 43.9 > 78.55 exit 8th/corr 34.8 < 69.98 34.8 > 69.98 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C3/VST 30.8 < 65.81 30.8 > 65.81 VST 7th/corr 34.8 < 69.98 34.8 > 69.98 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C2/exit 44.6 < 79.23 44.6 > 79.23 exit 6th/corr 34.8 < 69.98 34.8 > 69.98 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C1/exit 44.8 < 79.39 44.8 > 79.39 exit 5th/corr 34.8 < 69.97 34.8 > 69.97 corr
|------ ------|
GRND/ 4th/corr 34.8 < 69.97 34.8 > 69.97 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B1/serv 45.1 < 79.69 45.1 > 79.69 serv 3rd/corr 34.8 < 69.96 34.8 > 69.96 corr
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
2nd/corr 34.8 < 69.96 34.8 > 69.96 corr
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 2 in S07A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) |------ ------|
1st/corr 34.8 < 69.98 34.8 > 69.98 corr
|------ ------|
LT/lobb 34.9 < 70.02 34.9 > 70.02 lobb
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_S07A_Winters shaft report |------ ------|
C4/serv 34.8 < 69.94 34.8 > 69.94 serv
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone |------ ------|
C3/serv 34.8 < 69.96 34.8 > 69.96 serv
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
Roof/mach 33.1 < 68.23 33.1 > 68.23 mach C2/serv 34.9 < 70.07 34.9 > 70.07 serv
|------ ------| |------ ------|
MR-1/ C1/exit 34.3 < 69.45 34.3 > 69.45 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-2/fire 34.6 < 69.77 34.6 > 69.77 fire GRND/exit 32.0 < 67.08 32.0 > 67.08 exit
|------ ------|
UT-1/fire 34.2 < 69.35 34.2 > 69.35 fire B1/fire 34.1 < 69.30 34.1 > 69.30 fire
|------ ------|
19th/corr 34.9 < 70.07 34.9 > 70.07 corr B2/fire 34.2 < 69.37 34.2 > 69.37 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
18th/corr 34.9 < 70.03 34.9 > 70.03 corr B3/fire 34.2 < 69.37 34.2 > 69.37 fire
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
17th/corr 34.9 < 70.02 34.9 > 70.02 corr
|------ ------| CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 5 in S07A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
16th/corr 34.8 < 70.01 34.8 > 70.01 corr
|------ ------|
15th/corr 34.8 < 70.01 34.8 > 70.01 corr
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-3
Summer 5th/corr 36.2 < 71.37 36.2 > 71.37 corr
– Model input parameters: |------ ------|
4th/corr 36.3 < 71.42 36.3 > 71.42 corr
Value |------ ------|
Parameter
3rd/corr 36.3 < 71.46 36.3 > 71.46 corr
Ambient Temperature 45.1 oC |------ ------|
Interior Temperature 20 oC 2nd/corr 36.3 < 71.46 36.3 > 71.46 corr
Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system |------ ------|
45.1 oC
operation 1st/corr 35.6 < 70.72 35.6 > 70.72 corr
Wind speed 6.3 m/s
Level 10 – Lowe/lobb 56.0 < 88.75 56.0 > 88.75 lobb
Incident Floors
S07A |------ ------|
C4/exit 63.0 < 94.14 63.0 > 94.14 exit
– Modeling Result |------ ------|
C3/VST 44.5 < 79.10 44.5 > 79.10 VST
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_S07A_Summers shaft report |------ ------|
C2/exit 57.1 < 89.62 57.1 > 89.62 exit
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone |------ ------|
C1/exit 62.0 < 93.36 62.0 > 93.36 exit
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
UT-2/lobb 10.5 < 38.49 10.5 > 38.49 lobb GRND/
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-1/corr 48.4 < 82.54 48.4 > 82.54 corr B1/serv 61.5 < 93.01 61.5 > 93.01 serv
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
19th/corr 36.2 < 71.36 36.2 > 71.36 corr
|------ ------| CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 2 in S07A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
18th/corr 35.7 < 70.84 35.7 > 70.84 corr
|------ ------|
17th/corr 35.7 < 70.90 35.7 > 70.90 corr
|------ ------| Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_S07A_Summers shaft report
16th/corr 35.8 < 70.96 35.8 > 70.96 corr
|------ ------| level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
15th/corr 35.8 < 71.01 35.8 > 71.01 corr
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
14th/corr 35.9 < 71.04 35.9 > 71.04 corr Roof/mach 5.0 > 26.55 5.0 < 26.55 mach
|------ ------| |------ ------|
13th/corr 35.9 < 71.08 35.9 > 71.08 corr Mach/
|------ ------| |------ ------|
12th/corr 35.9 < 71.11 35.9 > 71.11 corr Uppe/fire 32.3 < 67.41 32.3 > 67.41 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
11th/corr 36.0 < 71.15 36.0 > 71.15 corr Uppe/fire 40.4 < 75.37 40.4 > 75.37 fire
|------ ------|
10th/corr 36.0 < 71.18 36.0 > 71.18 corr Floo/corr 44.3 < 78.95 44.3 > 78.95 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
9th/corr 36.1 < 71.21 36.1 > 71.21 corr Floo/corr 45.2 < 79.75 45.2 > 79.75 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
8th/corr 36.1 < 71.25 36.1 > 71.25 corr Floo/corr 45.5 < 80.00 45.5 > 80.00 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
7th/corr 36.1 < 71.29 36.1 > 71.29 corr Floo/corr 45.6 < 80.12 45.6 > 80.12 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
6th/corr 36.2 < 71.33 36.2 > 71.33 corr Floo/corr 45.7 < 80.20 45.7 > 80.20 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-4
Floo/corr 45.8 < 80.27 45.8 > 80.27 corr
|------ ------|
E-2 Scenario 2.A:
Floo/corr 45.9 < 80.34 45.9 > 80.34 corr
|------ ------| Activation of Fire Alarm Manual Pull Station at any level in corridor Area in S07B:
Floo/corr 46.0 < 80.40 46.0 > 80.40 corr
|------ ------|  Sequence of Operation:
Floo/corr 46.0 < 80.47 46.0 > 80.47 corr
|------ ------| Only the staircases pressurization fans in S07B will be activated, listed below:
Floo/corr 46.1 < 80.53 46.1 > 80.53 corr
|------ ------|
CORRESPONDING
Floo/corr 46.2 < 80.60 46.2 > 80.60 corr FAN FUNCTION
AREA
|------ ------| PF-SR7B-MR1-01 Tower-S07B
Floo/corr 46.3 < 80.68 46.3 > 80.68 corr Stair 3A
PF-P09-LT-02 PODIUM Area
|------ ------| Supply
PF-SR7B-MR1-02 Tower-S07B
Floo/corr 46.4 < 80.75 46.4 > 80.75 corr Stair 6
PF-P09-LT-04 PODIUM Area
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 46.5 < 80.84 46.5 > 80.84 corr Adjusted flows are the required flows to get the overall stair shafts within the acceptable differential pressures to
|------ ------| NFPA 92A.
Floo/corr 46.6 < 80.92 46.6 > 80.92 corr
|------ ------|  CONTAM floor plan for incident floor:
Floo/corr 46.7 < 81.02 46.7 > 81.02 corr
|------ ------| Level 10 was assumed as incident floor. The CONTAM floor plan during the modeling is shown as Figure __.
Floo/corr 46.8 < 81.14 46.8 > 81.14 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 47.0 < 81.28 47.0 > 81.28 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 47.2 < 81.50 47.2 > 81.50 corr
|------ ------|
Lowe/lobb 48.0 < 82.18 48.0 > 82.18 lobb
|------ ------|
C4/serv 48.4 < 82.55 48.4 > 82.55 serv
|------ ------|
C3/serv 51.5 < 85.11 51.5 > 85.11 serv
|------ ------|
C2/serv 48.9 < 82.90 48.9 > 82.90 serv
|------ ------|
C1/exit 47.6 < 81.84 47.6 > 81.84 exit
|------ ------|
GRND/exit 44.2 < 78.89 44.2 > 78.89 exit
|------ ------|
B1/fire 44.2 < 78.84 44.2 > 78.84 fire
|------ ------|
B2/fire 44.6 < 79.23 44.6 > 79.23 fire
|------ ------|
B3/fire 44.8 < 79.36 44.8 > 79.36 fire
+---------------------------+
Figure- CONTAM Floor Plan of Tower Level 10
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 5 in S07A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-5
Winter |------ ------|
– Model input parameters: Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.07 25.7 > 60.07 corr
|------ ------|
Value Floo/corr 25.6 < 60.07 25.6 > 60.07 corr
Parameter
|------ ------|
Ambient Temperature 17.3 oC Floo/corr 25.6 < 60.06 25.6 > 60.06 corr
Interior Temperature 20 oC |------ ------|
Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system Floo/corr 25.6 < 60.07 25.6 > 60.07 corr
17.3 oC
operation |------ ------|
Wind speed 6.3 m/s Lowe/stai 43.0 < 77.80 43.0 > 77.80 stai
Level 10 – |------ ------|
Incident Floors
S07B C4/exit 52.4 < 85.84 52.4 > 85.84 exit
|------ ------|
– Modeling Result C3/exit 55.4 < 88.30 55.4 > 88.30 exit
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_S07B_Winters shaft report |------ ------|
C2/exit 53.9 < 87.10 53.9 > 87.10 exit
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone +---------------------------+

+---------------------------+ CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 3A in S07B after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
Uppe/exit 39.1 < 74.20 39.1 > 74.20 exit
|------ ------|
Uppe/exit 35.7 < 70.85 35.7 > 70.85 exit Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_S07B_Winters shaft report
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.12 25.7 > 60.12 corr level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.09 25.7 > 60.09 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------| Roof/mach 33.2 < 68.31 33.2 > 68.31 mach
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.09 25.7 > 60.09 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Mach/
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.08 25.7 > 60.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Uppe/fire 32.5 < 67.62 32.5 > 67.62 fire
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.08 25.7 > 60.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Uppe/fire 31.5 < 66.62 31.5 > 66.62 fire
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.08 25.7 > 60.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/corr 31.3 < 66.35 31.3 > 66.35 corr
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.08 25.7 > 60.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.08 25.7 > 60.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.08 25.7 > 60.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.08 25.7 > 60.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.08 25.7 > 60.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.08 25.7 > 60.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.08 25.7 > 60.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.07 25.7 > 60.07 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr
Floo/corr 25.7 < 60.07 25.7 > 60.07 corr |------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-6
Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr Summer
|------ ------| – Model input parameters:
Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr
|------ ------| Value
Parameter
Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr
|------ ------| Ambient Temperature 45.1 oC
Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr Interior Temperature 20 oC
|------ ------| Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system
45.1 oC
Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr operation
|------ ------| Wind speed 6.3 m/s
Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr Level 10 –
Incident Floors
|------ ------| S07B
Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr
|------ ------| – Modeling Result
Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_S07B_Summers shaft report
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 31.2 < 66.29 31.2 > 66.29 corr level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 31.3 < 66.30 31.3 > 66.30 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------| UT-2/exit 20.0 < 53.00 20.0 > 53.00 exit
Lowe/lobb 32.5 < 67.59 32.5 > 67.59 lobb |------ ------|
|------ ------| UT-1/exit 28.8 < 63.62 28.8 > 63.62 exit
C4/exit 31.1 < 66.17 31.1 > 66.17 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 19th/corr 25.8 < 60.19 25.8 > 60.19 corr
C3/corr 31.8 < 66.90 31.8 > 66.90 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 18th/corr 25.9 < 60.39 25.9 > 60.39 corr
C2/exit 28.4 < 63.26 28.4 > 63.26 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 17th/corr 26.0 < 60.47 26.0 > 60.47 corr
C1/corr 32.1 < 67.17 32.1 > 67.17 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 16th/corr 26.0 < 60.52 26.0 > 60.52 corr
GRND/corr 32.4 < 67.53 32.4 > 67.53 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 15th/corr 26.1 < 60.56 26.1 > 60.56 corr
B1/fire 32.8 < 67.89 32.8 > 67.89 fire |------ ------|
|------ ------| 14th/corr 26.1 < 60.59 26.1 > 60.59 corr
B2/fire 33.1 < 68.23 33.1 > 68.23 fire |------ ------|
|------ ------| 13th/corr 26.1 < 60.63 26.1 > 60.63 corr
B3/fire 32.6 < 67.72 32.6 > 67.72 fire |------ ------|
+---------------------------+ 12th/corr 26.2 < 60.68 26.2 > 60.68 corr
|------ ------|
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 6 in S07B after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) 11th/corr 26.2 < 60.74 26.2 > 60.74 corr
|------ ------|
10th/corr 26.3 < 60.82 26.3 > 60.82 corr
|------ ------|
9th/corr 26.3 < 60.84 26.3 > 60.84 corr
|------ ------|
8th/corr 26.3 < 60.84 26.3 > 60.84 corr
|------ ------|
7th/corr 26.3 < 60.85 26.3 > 60.85 corr
|------ ------|
6th/corr 26.3 < 60.85 26.3 > 60.85 corr
|------ ------|
5th/corr 26.3 < 60.85 26.3 > 60.85 corr

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-7
 |------ ------| 10th/corr 34.4 < 69.56 34.4 > 69.56 corr
4th/corr 26.3 < 60.85 26.3 > 60.85 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 9th/corr 34.4 < 69.59 34.4 > 69.59 corr
3rd/corr 26.3 < 60.86 26.3 > 60.86 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 8th/corr 34.4 < 69.60 34.4 > 69.60 corr
2nd/corr 26.3 < 60.87 26.3 > 60.87 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 7th/corr 34.5 < 69.61 34.5 > 69.61 corr
1st/corr 26.4 < 60.90 26.4 > 60.90 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 6th/corr 34.5 < 69.62 34.5 > 69.62 corr
LT/stai 46.9 < 81.18 46.9 > 81.18 stai |------ ------|
|------ ------| 5th/corr 34.5 < 69.63 34.5 > 69.63 corr
C4/exit 77.0 < 104.11 77.0 > 104.11 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 4th/corr 34.5 < 69.65 34.5 > 69.65 corr
C3/exit 90.1 < 112.60 90.1 > 112.60 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 3rd/corr 34.5 < 69.67 34.5 > 69.67 corr
C2/exit 84.6 < 109.11 84.6 > 109.11 exit |------ ------|
+---------------------------+ 2nd/corr 34.5 < 69.70 34.5 > 69.70 corr
|------ ------|
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 3A in S07B after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) 1st/corr 34.6 < 69.77 34.6 > 69.77 corr
|------ ------|
LT/lobb 40.9 < 75.85 40.9 > 75.85 lobb
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_S07B_Summers shaft report |------ ------|
C4/exit 40.0 < 74.98 40.0 > 74.98 exit
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone |------ ------|
C3/corr 38.4 < 73.54 38.4 > 73.54 corr
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
Roof/mach 0.5 < 8.36 0.5 > 8.36 mach C2/exit 48.1 < 82.26 48.1 > 82.26 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
MR-1/ C1/corr 40.5 < 75.51 40.5 > 75.51 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-2/fire 30.6 < 65.61 30.6 > 65.61 fire GRND/corr 42.4 < 77.25 42.4 > 77.25 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-1/fire 35.0 < 70.12 35.0 > 70.12 fire B1/fire 45.9 < 80.40 45.9 > 80.40 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
19th/corr 33.3 < 68.46 33.3 > 68.46 corr B2/fire 51.6 < 85.21 51.6 > 85.21 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
18th/corr 33.7 < 68.81 33.7 > 68.81 corr B3/fire 40.9 < 75.88 40.9 > 75.88 fire
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
17th/corr 33.8 < 68.95 33.8 > 68.95 corr
|------ ------| CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 6 in S07B after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
16th/corr 33.9 < 69.03 33.9 > 69.03 corr
|------ ------|
15th/corr 33.9 < 69.09 33.9 > 69.09 corr
|------ ------|
14th/corr 34.0 < 69.15 34.0 > 69.15 corr
|------ ------|
13th/corr 34.1 < 69.22 34.1 > 69.22 corr
|------ ------|
12th/corr 34.1 < 69.30 34.1 > 69.30 corr
|------ ------|
11th/corr 34.3 < 69.41 34.3 > 69.41 corr
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-8
E-2 Scenario 3.A: Winter
– Model input parameters:
Activation of Fire Alarm Manual Pull Station at any level in corridor Area in SR03:
Value
Parameter
 Sequence of Operation:
Ambient Temperature 17.3 oC
Interior Temperature 20 oC
Only the staircases pressurization fans in SR03 will be activated, listed below:
Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system
17.3 oC
operation
CORRESPONDING Wind speed 6.3 m/s
FAN FUNCTION
AREA Level 10 –
Incident Floors
Stair 8 PF-P09- SR3-MR1-01 Tower-SR03 SR03
PF-P09-SR3-MR1-02 Tower-SR03 Supply
Stair 9
PF-P09-C1-01 PODIUM Area – Modeling Result
Adjusted flows are the required flows to get the overall stair shafts within the acceptable differential pressures to Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_SR03_Winters shaft report
NFPA 92A.

 CONTAM floor plan for incident floor:

level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone

Level 10 was assumed as incident floor. The CONTAM floor plan during the modeling is shown as Figure __. +---------------------------+
UT-2/lobb 47.2 < 81.47 47.2 > 81.47 lobb
|------ ------|
UT-1/corr 43.5 < 78.19 43.5 > 78.19 corr
|------ ------|
19th/corr 29.3 < 64.22 29.3 > 64.22 corr
|------ ------|
18th/corr 28.3 < 63.10 28.3 > 63.10 corr
|------ ------|
17th/corr 28.3 < 63.10 28.3 > 63.10 corr
|------ ------|
16th/corr 28.3 < 63.10 28.3 > 63.10 corr
|------ ------|
15th/corr 28.3 < 63.10 28.3 > 63.10 corr
|------ ------|
14th/corr 28.3 < 63.10 28.3 > 63.10 corr
|------ ------|
13th/corr 28.3 < 63.09 28.3 > 63.09 corr
|------ ------|
12th/corr 28.3 < 63.09 28.3 > 63.09 corr
|------ ------|
11th/corr 28.3 < 63.09 28.3 > 63.09 corr
|------ ------|
10th/corr 28.3 < 63.09 28.3 > 63.09 corr
|------ ------|
Figure- CONTAM Floor Plan of Tower Level 10 9th/corr 28.3 < 63.09 28.3 > 63.09 corr
|------ ------|
8th/corr 28.3 < 63.08 28.3 > 63.08 corr
|------ ------|
7th/corr 28.3 < 63.08 28.3 > 63.08 corr
|------ ------|
6th/corr 28.3 < 63.08 28.3 > 63.08 corr
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-9
 5th/corr28.3 < 63.08 28.3 > 63.08 corr 9th/corr 32.4 < 67.47 32.4 > 67.47 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
4th/corr 28.3 < 63.07 28.3 > 63.07 corr 8th/corr 32.4 < 67.47 32.4 > 67.47 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
3rd/corr 28.3 < 63.07 28.3 > 63.07 corr 7th/corr 32.4 < 67.46 32.4 > 67.46 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
2nd/corr 28.3 < 63.06 28.3 > 63.06 corr 6th/corr 32.4 < 67.46 32.4 > 67.46 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
1st/corr 28.3 < 63.06 28.3 > 63.06 corr 5th/corr 32.3 < 67.46 32.3 > 67.46 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
LT/stai 30.3 < 65.32 30.3 > 65.32 stai 4th/corr 32.3 < 67.45 32.3 > 67.45 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C4/lobb 44.3 < 78.96 44.3 > 78.96 lobb 3rd/corr 32.3 < 67.44 32.3 > 67.44 corr
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
2nd/corr 32.3 < 67.44 32.3 > 67.44 corr
|------ ------|
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 8 in SR03 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) 1st/corr 32.3 < 67.44 32.3 > 67.44 corr
|------ ------|
LT/lobb 32.5 < 67.62 32.5 > 67.62 lobb
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_SR03_Winters shaft report
C4/serv 32.5 < 67.58 32.5 > 67.58 serv
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone |------ ------|
C3/serv 32.5 < 67.57 32.5 > 67.57 serv
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
Roof/mach 31.3 < 66.37 31.3 > 66.37 mach C2/exit 30.6 < 65.62 30.6 > 65.62 exit
|------ ------|
MR-1/ C1/exit 30.3 < 65.29 30.3 > 65.29 exit
|------ ------|
UT-2/fire 32.2 < 67.35 32.2 > 67.35 fire GRND/exit 28.5 < 63.35 28.5 > 63.35 exit
|------ ------|
UT-1/fire 31.9 < 66.95 31.9 > 66.95 fire B1/fire 57.5 < 89.97 57.5 > 89.97 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
19th/corr 32.4 < 67.53 32.4 > 67.53 corr B2/fire 57.1 < 89.65 57.1 > 89.65 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
18th/corr 32.4 < 67.51 32.4 > 67.51 corr B3/fire 57.1 < 89.59 57.1 > 89.59 fire
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
17th/corr 32.4 < 67.50 32.4 > 67.50 corr
|------ ------|
16th/corr 32.4 < 67.50 32.4 > 67.50 corr CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 9 in SR03 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
|------ ------|
15th/corr 32.4 < 67.49 32.4 > 67.49 corr
|------ ------|
14th/corr 32.4 < 67.49 32.4 > 67.49 corr
|------ ------|
13th/corr 32.4 < 67.49 32.4 > 67.49 corr
|------ ------|
12th/corr 32.4 < 67.48 32.4 > 67.48 corr
|------ ------|
11th/corr 32.4 < 67.48 32.4 > 67.48 corr
|------ ------|
10th/corr 32.4 < 67.47 32.4 > 67.47 corr
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-10
Summer 5th/corr 34.3 < 69.46 34.3 > 69.46 corr
– Model input parameters: |------ ------|
4th/corr 34.3 < 69.50 34.3 > 69.50 corr
Value |------ ------|
Parameter
3rd/corr 34.4 < 69.53 34.4 > 69.53 corr
Ambient Temperature 45.1 oC |------ ------|
Interior Temperature 20 oC 2nd/corr 34.4 < 69.60 34.4 > 69.60 corr
Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system |------ ------|
45.1 oC
operation 1st/corr 34.6 < 69.74 34.6 > 69.74 corr
Wind speed 6.3 m/s |------ ------|
Level 10 – Lowe/stai 38.4 < 73.47 38.4 > 73.47 stai
Incident Floors
SR03 |------ ------|
C4/lobb 73.1 < 101.37 73.1 > 101.37 lobb
– Modeling Result +---------------------------+

Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_SR03_Summers shaft report CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 8 in SR03 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)

level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone

Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_SR03_Summers shaft report
+---------------------------+
UT-2/lobb 14.6 < 45.29 14.6 > 45.29 lobb level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
|------ ------|
UT-1/corr 47.1 < 81.38 47.1 > 81.38 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------| Roof/mach 3.7 > 22.95 3.7 < 22.95 mach
19th/corr 34.7 < 69.90 34.7 > 69.90 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Mach/
18th/corr 33.8 < 68.99 33.8 > 68.99 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| UT-2/fire 31.4 < 66.48 31.4 > 66.48 fire
17th/corr 33.9 < 69.09 33.9 > 69.09 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| UT-1/fire 38.0 < 73.10 38.0 > 73.10 fire
16th/corr 34.0 < 69.15 34.0 > 69.15 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 19th/corr 41.3 < 76.24 41.3 > 76.24 corr
15th/corr 34.0 < 69.18 34.0 > 69.18 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 18th/corr 42.0 < 76.89 42.0 > 76.89 corr
14th/corr 34.1 < 69.21 34.1 > 69.21 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 17th/corr 42.3 < 77.10 42.3 > 77.10 corr
13th/corr 34.1 < 69.24 34.1 > 69.24 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 16th/corr 42.4 < 77.20 42.4 > 77.20 corr
12th/corr 34.1 < 69.26 34.1 > 69.26 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 15th/corr 42.5 < 77.27 42.5 > 77.27 corr
11th/corr 34.1 < 69.29 34.1 > 69.29 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 14th/corr 42.5 < 77.33 42.5 > 77.33 corr
10th/corr 34.2 < 69.31 34.2 > 69.31 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 13th/corr 42.6 < 77.39 42.6 > 77.39 corr
9th/corr 34.2 < 69.34 34.2 > 69.34 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 12th/corr 42.6 < 77.45 42.6 > 77.45 corr
8th/corr 34.2 < 69.37 34.2 > 69.37 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 11th/corr 42.7 < 77.50 42.7 > 77.50 corr
7th/corr 34.2 < 69.40 34.2 > 69.40 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 10th/corr 42.8 < 77.56 42.8 > 77.56 corr
6th/corr 34.3 < 69.43 34.3 > 69.43 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 9th/corr 42.8 < 77.62 42.8 > 77.62 corr

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-11
 |------ ------|
8th/corr 42.9 < 77.69 42.9 > 77.69 corr
E-2 Scenario 4.A:
|------ ------| Activation of Fire Alarm Manual Pull Station at any level in Podium Area
7th/corr 43.0 < 77.75 43.0 > 77.75 corr  Sequence of Operation:
|------ ------|
6th/corr 43.1 < 77.82 43.1 > 77.82 corr All the staircases pressurization fans will be activated, listed below:
|------ ------|
5th/corr 43.1 < 77.90 43.1 > 77.90 corr CORRESPONDING
FAN FUNCTION
|------ ------| AREA
4th/corr 43.2 < 77.98 43.2 > 77.98 corr Stair 1 PF-P09-G1-01 PODIUM Area
|------ ------| PF-P09-LT-01 PODIUM Area
Stair 2
3rd/corr 43.3 < 78.06 43.3 > 78.06 corr PF-SR7A-MR1-01 Tower-SR07A
|------ ------| PF-P09-LT-02 PODIUM Area
Stair 3A
2nd/corr 43.5 < 78.21 43.5 > 78.21 corr PF-SR7B-MR1-01 Tower-SR07B
|------ ------| Stair 3B PF-P09-LT-03 PODIUM Area
1st/corr 43.8 < 78.52 43.8 > 78.52 corr Stair 4 PF-P09-C3-01 PODIUM Area
PF-P09-C4-01 PODIUM Area
|------ ------| Stair 5 Supply
PF-SR7A-MR1-02 Tower-SR07A
Lowe/lobb 45.8 < 80.25 45.8 > 80.25 lobb
PF-P09-LT-04 PODIUM Area
Stair 6
PF-SR7B-MR1-02 Tower-SR07B
C4/serv 46.1 < 80.54 46.1 > 80.54 serv Stair 7 PF-P09-C4-02 PODIUM Area
|------ ------| Stair 8 PF-P09-LT-05 PODIUM Area
C3/serv 46.3 < 80.73 46.3 > 80.73 serv Stair 8A PF-P09- SR3-MR1-01 Tower-SR03
|------ ------| PF-P09-SR3-MR1-02 Tower-SR03
C2/exit 47.0 < 81.28 47.0 > 81.28 exit Stair 9
PF-P09-C1-01 PODIUM Area
|------ ------|
C1/exit 48.8 < 82.86 48.8 > 82.86 exit Adjusted flows are the required flows to get the overall stair shafts within the acceptable differential pressures to
|------ ------| NFPA 92A.
GRND/exit 49.3 < 83.27 49.3 > 83.27 exit
|------ ------| The CONTAM floor plan during the modeling is shown as Figure __.
B1/fire 55.9 < 88.66 55.9 > 88.66 fire
|------ ------|
B2/fire 52.5 < 85.97 52.5 > 85.97 fire
|------ ------|
B3/fire 51.7 < 85.31 51.7 > 85.31 fire
+---------------------------+

CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 9 in SR03 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)

Figure- CONTAM Floor Plan of Tower Level 10

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-12
Winter
– Model input parameters: Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Winters shaft report

Value level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone

Parameter
Ambient Temperature 17.3 oC +---------------------------+
Interior Temperature 20 oC UT-2/lobb 49.9 < 83.75 49.9 > 83.75 lobb
Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system |------ ------|
17.3 oC
operation UT-1/corr 46.0 < 80.42 46.0 > 80.42 corr
Wind speed 6.3 m/s |------ ------|
PODIUM 19th/corr 31.6 < 66.65 31.6 > 66.65 corr
Incident Floors
area |------ ------|
18th/corr 30.7 < 65.67 30.7 > 65.67 corr
– Modeling Result |------ ------|
17th/corr 30.6 < 65.59 30.6 > 65.59 corr
project: Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Winters |------ ------|
shaft report 16th/corr 30.6 < 65.58 30.6 > 65.58 corr
|------ ------|
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone 15th/corr 30.6 < 65.58 30.6 > 65.58 corr
|------ ------|
+---------------------------+ 14th/corr 30.6 < 65.58 30.6 > 65.58 corr
GRND/exit 41.2 < 76.13 41.2 > 76.13 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 13th/corr 30.6 < 65.57 30.6 > 65.57 corr
B1/exit 29.9 < 64.88 29.9 > 64.88 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 12th/corr 30.6 < 65.57 30.6 > 65.57 corr
B2/exit 25.4 < 59.82 25.4 > 59.82 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 11th/corr 30.6 < 65.57 30.6 > 65.57 corr
B3/exit 26.0 < 60.44 26.0 > 60.44 exit |------ ------|
+---------------------------+ 10th/corr 30.6 < 65.57 30.6 > 65.57 corr
|------ ------|
9th/corr 30.6 < 65.56 30.6 > 65.56 corr
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 1 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) |------ ------|
8th/corr 30.6 < 65.56 30.6 > 65.56 corr
|------ ------|
7th/corr 30.6 < 65.56 30.6 > 65.56 corr
|------ ------|
6th/corr 30.5 < 65.55 30.5 > 65.55 corr
|------ ------|
5th/corr 30.5 < 65.55 30.5 > 65.55 corr
|------ ------|
4th/corr 30.5 < 65.54 30.5 > 65.54 corr
|------ ------|
3rd/corr 30.5 < 65.53 30.5 > 65.53 corr
|------ ------|
2nd/corr 30.5 < 65.47 30.5 > 65.47 corr
|------ ------|
1st/corr 29.8 < 64.71 29.8 > 64.71 corr

LT/lobb 45.8 < 80.28 45.8 > 80.28 lobb

|------ ------|
C4/exit 43.9 < 78.54 43.9 > 78.54 exit
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-13
 C3/VST 30.8 < 65.81 30.8 > 65.81 VST |------ ------|
|------ ------| 3rd/corr 25.6 < 60.02 25.6 > 60.02 corr
C2/exit 44.6 < 79.19 44.6 > 79.19 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 2nd/corr 25.6 < 60.02 25.6 > 60.02 corr
C1/exit 44.8 < 79.36 44.8 > 79.36 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 1st/corr 25.6 < 60.03 25.6 > 60.03 corr
GRND/ |------ ------|
|------ ------| LT/stai 43.2 < 77.91 43.2 > 77.91 stai |-
B1/serv
45.2 < 79.72 45.2 > 79.72 serv ----- ------|
+---------------------------+ C4/exit 52.9 < 86.27 52.9 > 86.27 exit
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 2 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) |------ ------|
C3/exit 56.1 < 88.82 56.1 > 88.82 exit
|------ ------|
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Winters shaft report C2/exit 47.9 < 82.06 47.9 > 82.06 exit
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone +---------------------------+
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 3A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
+---------------------------+
UT-2/exit 39.6 < 74.62 39.6 > 74.62 exit
|------ ------| Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Winters shaft report
UT-1/exit 35.8 < 70.95 35.8 > 70.95 exit level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
|------ ------|
19th/corr 25.7 < 60.07 25.7 > 60.07 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------| C2/exit 27.4 < 62.05 27.4 > 62.05 exit
18th/corr 25.6 < 60.04 25.6 > 60.04 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| C1/elev 30.8 < 65.87 30.8 > 65.87 elev
17th/corr 25.6 < 60.04 25.6 > 60.04 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| GRND/stai 29.8 < 64.79 29.8 > 64.79 stai
16th/corr 25.6 < 60.04 25.6 > 60.04 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| B1/exit 27.1 < 61.72 27.1 > 61.72 exit
15th/corr 25.6 < 60.04 25.6 > 60.04 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| B2/exit 23.5 < 57.45 23.5 > 57.45 exit
14th/corr 25.6 < 60.04 25.6 > 60.04 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| B3/exit 23.3 < 57.30 23.3 > 57.30 exit
13th/corr 25.6 < 60.04 25.6 > 60.04 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------| CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 3B after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
12th/corr 25.6 < 60.04 25.6 > 60.04 corr
|------ ------|
11th/corr 25.6 < 60.04 25.6 > 60.04 corr Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Winters shaft report
|------ ------| level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
10th/corr 25.6 < 60.04 25.6 > 60.04 corr
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
9th/corr 25.6 < 60.04 25.6 > 60.04 corr C4/lobb 55.0 < 87.94 55.0 > 87.94 lobb
|------ ------| |------ ------|
8th/corr 25.6 < 60.03 25.6 > 60.03 corr C3/exit 43.5 < 78.23 43.5 > 78.23 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
7th/corr 25.6 < 60.03 25.6 > 60.03 corr C2/exit 41.6 < 76.51 41.6 > 76.51 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
6th/corr 25.6 < 60.03 25.6 > 60.03 corr C1/main 54.0 < 87.14 54.0 > 87.14 main
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
5th/corr 25.6 < 60.03 25.6 > 60.03 corr
|------ ------| CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 4 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
4th/corr 25.6 < 60.03 25.6 > 60.03 corr

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-14
 LT/lobb 34.8 < 70.00 34.8 > 70.00 lobb
|------ ------|
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Winters shaft report C4/serv 34.8 < 69.92 34.8 > 69.92 serv
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone |------ ------|
C3/serv 34.8 < 69.95 34.8 > 69.95 serv
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
Roof/mach 33.2 < 68.32 33.2 > 68.32 mach C2/serv 34.9 < 70.04 34.9 > 70.04 serv
|------ ------| |------ ------|
MR-1/ C1/exit 34.2 < 69.38 34.2 > 69.38 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-2/fire 34.6 < 69.75 34.6 > 69.75 fire GRND/exit 32.0 < 67.13 32.0 > 67.13 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-1/fire 34.2 < 69.33 34.2 > 69.33 fire B1/fire 34.1 < 69.25 34.1 > 69.25 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
19th/corr 34.9 < 70.04 34.9 > 70.04 corr B2/fire 34.3 < 69.43 34.3 > 69.43 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
18th/corr 34.8 < 70.00 34.8 > 70.00 corr B3/fire 34.3 < 69.44 34.3 > 69.44 fire
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
17th/corr 34.8 < 69.99 34.8 > 69.99 corr CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 5 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
|------ ------|
16th/corr 34.8 < 69.98 34.8 > 69.98 corr
|------ ------|
15th/corr 34.8 < 69.98 34.8 > 69.98 corr Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Winters shaft report
|------ ------| level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
14th/corr 34.8 < 69.97 34.8 > 69.97 corr
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
13th/corr 34.8 < 69.97 34.8 > 69.97 corr Roof/mach 33.6 < 68.77 33.6 > 68.77 mach
|------ ------| |------ ------|
12th/corr 34.8 < 69.97 34.8 > 69.97 corr MR-1/
|------ ------| |------ ------|
11th/corr 34.8 < 69.96 34.8 > 69.96 corr UT-2/fire 32.6 < 67.71 32.6 > 67.71 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
10th/corr 34.8 < 69.96 34.8 > 69.96 corr UT-1/fire 31.4 < 66.46 31.4 > 66.46 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
9th/corr 34.8 < 69.96 34.8 > 69.96 corr 19th/corr 31.0 < 65.99 31.0 > 65.99 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
8th/corr 34.8 < 69.95 34.8 > 69.95 corr 18th/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
7th/corr 34.8 < 69.95 34.8 > 69.95 corr 17th/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
6th/corr 34.8 < 69.95 34.8 > 69.95 corr 16th/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
5th/corr 34.8 < 69.94 34.8 > 69.94 corr 15th/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
4th/corr 34.8 < 69.94 34.8 > 69.94 corr 14th/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
3rd/corr 34.8 < 69.94 34.8 > 69.94 corr 13th/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
2nd/corr 34.8 < 69.94 34.8 > 69.94 corr 12th/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
1st/corr 34.8 < 69.95 34.8 > 69.95 corr 11th/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-15
10th/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Winters shaft report
|------ ------|
9th/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
|------ ------|
8th/corr 30.9 < 65.93 30.9 > 65.93 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------| C4/lobb 61.7 < 93.18 61.7 > 93.18 lobb
7th/corr 30.9 < 65.93 30.9 > 65.93 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| C3/lobb 61.7 < 93.18 61.7 > 93.18 lobb
6th/corr 30.9 < 65.93 30.9 > 65.93 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| C2/ambt 61.7 < 93.19 61.7 > 93.19 ambt
5th/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| C1/lobb 61.6 < 93.11 61.6 > 93.11 lobb
4th/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| GRND/ext_ 12.7 < 42.20 12.7 > 42.20 ext_
3rd/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| B1/exit 22.4 < 56.12 22.4 > 56.12 exit
2nd/corr 30.9 < 65.94 30.9 > 65.94 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------|
1st/corr 30.9 < 65.96 30.9 > 65.96 corr CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 7 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
|------ ------|
LT/lobb 32.5 < 67.57 32.5 > 67.57 lobb
|------ ------|
C4/exit 31.0 < 66.01 31.0 > 66.01 exit Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Winters shaft report
|------ ------| level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
C3/corr 31.8 < 66.88 31.8 > 66.88 corr
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
C2/exit 28.9 < 63.71 28.9 > 63.71 exit C4/corr 16.9 < 48.78 16.9 > 48.78 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C1/corr 32.1 < 67.25 32.1 > 67.25 corr C3/corr 19.2 < 51.94 19.2 > 51.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
GRND/corr 32.5 < 67.59 32.5 > 67.59 corr C2/corr 18.5 < 50.95 18.5 > 50.95 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B1/fire 32.9 < 68.00 32.9 > 68.00 fire C1/exit 18.7 < 51.24 18.7 > 51.24 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B2/fire 33.4 < 68.50 33.4 > 68.50 fire GRND/exit 57.9 < 90.21 57.9 > 90.21 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B3/fire 32.7 < 67.85 32.7 > 67.85 fire B1/room 62.9 < 94.09 62.9 > 94.09 room
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
B2/exit 32.0 < 67.06 32.0 > 67.06 exit
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 6 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) |------ ------|
B3/exit 48.5 < 82.56 48.5 > 82.56 exit
+---------------------------+

CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 8 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-16
 CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 8A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Winters shaft report Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Winters shaft report
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
+---------------------------+
UT-2/lobb 47.3 < 81.60 47.3 > 81.60 lobb +---------------------------+
|------ ------| Roof/mach 31.4 < 66.48 31.4 > 66.48 mach
UT-1/corr 43.5 < 78.21 43.5 > 78.21 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| MR-1/
19th/corr 29.3 < 64.24 29.3 > 64.24 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| UT-2/fire 32.2 < 67.34 32.2 > 67.34 fire
18th/corr 28.3 < 63.12 28.3 > 63.12 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| UT-1/fire 31.8 < 66.93 31.8 > 66.93 fire
17th/corr 28.3 < 63.12 28.3 > 63.12 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 19th/corr 32.4 < 67.51 32.4 > 67.51 corr
16th/corr 28.3 < 63.11 28.3 > 63.11 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 18th/corr 32.4 < 67.49 32.4 > 67.49 corr
15th/corr 28.3 < 63.11 28.3 > 63.11 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 17th/corr 32.4 < 67.48 32.4 > 67.48 corr
14th/corr 28.3 < 63.11 28.3 > 63.11 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 16th/corr 32.4 < 67.48 32.4 > 67.48 corr
13th/corr 28.3 < 63.11 28.3 > 63.11 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 15th/corr 32.4 < 67.47 32.4 > 67.47 corr
12th/corr 28.3 < 63.11 28.3 > 63.11 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 14th/corr 32.4 < 67.47 32.4 > 67.47 corr
11th/corr 28.3 < 63.11 28.3 > 63.11 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 13th/corr 32.4 < 67.47 32.4 > 67.47 corr
10th/corr 28.3 < 63.10 28.3 > 63.10 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 12th/corr 32.4 < 67.46 32.4 > 67.46 corr
9th/corr 28.3 < 63.10 28.3 > 63.10 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 11th/corr 32.4 < 67.46 32.4 > 67.46 corr
8th/corr 28.3 < 63.10 28.3 > 63.10 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 10th/corr 32.3 < 67.46 32.3 > 67.46 corr
7th/corr 28.3 < 63.10 28.3 > 63.10 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 9th/corr 32.3 < 67.45 32.3 > 67.45 corr
6th/corr 28.3 < 63.10 28.3 > 63.10 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 8th/corr 32.3 < 67.45 32.3 > 67.45 corr
5th/corr 28.3 < 63.09 28.3 > 63.09 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 7th/corr 32.3 < 67.44 32.3 > 67.44 corr
4th/corr 28.3 < 63.09 28.3 > 63.09 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 6th/corr 32.3 < 67.44 32.3 > 67.44 corr
3rd/corr 28.3 < 63.08 28.3 > 63.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 5th/corr 32.3 < 67.44 32.3 > 67.44 corr
2nd/corr 28.3 < 63.08 28.3 > 63.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 4th/corr 32.3 < 67.43 32.3 > 67.43 corr
1st/corr 28.3 < 63.08 28.3 > 63.08 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 3rd/corr 32.3 < 67.42 32.3 > 67.42 corr
LT/stai 30.4 < 65.35 30.4 > 65.35 stai |------ ------|
|------ ------| 2nd/corr 32.3 < 67.42 32.3 > 67.42 corr
C4/lobb 44.4 < 79.04 44.4 > 79.04 lobb |------ ------|
+---------------------------+ 1st/corr 32.3 < 67.43 32.3 > 67.43 corr
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-17
 LT/lobb 32.5 < 67.62 32.5 > 67.62 lobb CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 1 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
|------ ------| Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Summers shaft report
C4/serv 32.4 < 67.56 32.4 > 67.56 serv
|------ ------| level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
C3/serv 32.4 < 4.33 32.4 > 4.33
serv
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
C2/exit 30.4 < 4.20 30.4 > 4.20 exit UT-2/lobb 10.6 < 38.69 10.6 > 38.69 lobb
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C1/exit 30.2 < 65.20 30.2 > 65.20 exit UT-1/corr 48.4 < 82.50 48.4 > 82.50 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
GRND/exit 54.1 < 87.26 54.1 > 87.26 exit 19th/corr 36.2 < 71.31 36.2 > 71.31 corr
|------ ------|
B1/fire 57.4 < 89.89 57.4 > 89.89 fire 18th/corr 35.6 < 70.79 35.6 > 70.79 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B2/fire 57.2 < 89.69 57.2 > 89.69 fire 17th/corr 35.7 < 70.84 35.7 > 70.84 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B3/fire 57.1 < 89.59 57.1 > 89.59 fire 16th/corr 35.7 < 70.91 35.7 > 70.91 corr
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
15th/corr 35.8 < 70.95 35.8 > 70.95 corr
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 9 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) |------ ------|
14th/corr 35.8 < 70.99 35.8 > 70.99 corr
|------ ------|
13th/corr 35.9 < 71.03 35.9 > 71.03 corr
Summer |------ ------|
– Model input parameters: 12th/corr 35.9 < 71.06 35.9 > 71.06 corr
|------ ------|
Value 11th/corr 35.9 < 71.09 35.9 > 71.09 corr
Parameter
|------ ------|
Ambient Temperature 45.1 oC 10th/corr 36.0 < 71.13 36.0 > 71.13 corr
Interior Temperature 20 oC |------ ------|
Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system 9th/corr 36.0 < 71.16 36.0 > 71.16 corr
45.1 oC
operation |------ ------|
Wind speed 6.3 m/s 8th/corr 36.0 < 71.20 36.0 > 71.20 corr
Level 10 – |------ ------|
Incident Floors
SR03 7th/corr 36.1 < 71.24 36.1 > 71.24 corr
|------ ------|
– Modeling Result 6th/corr 36.1 < 71.28 36.1 > 71.28 corr
|------ ------|
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Summers shaft report 5th/corr 36.2 < 71.32 36.2 > 71.32 corr
|------ ------|
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone 4th/corr 36.2 < 71.37 36.2 > 71.37 corr
|------ ------|
+---------------------------+ 3rd/corr 36.3 < 71.41 36.3 > 71.41 corr
GRND/exit 38.1 < 73.22 38.1 > 73.22 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 2nd/corr 36.3 < 71.41 36.3 > 71.41 corr
B1/exit 30.8 < 65.87 30.8 > 65.87 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 1st/corr 35.5 < 70.68 35.5 > 70.68 corr
B2/exit 26.2 < 60.70 26.2 > 60.70 exit
|------ ------| LT/lobb 56.0 < 88.74 56.0 > 88.74 lobb
B3/exit 26.7 < 61.29 26.7 > 61.29 exit |------ ------|
+---------------------------+ C4/exit 62.9 < 94.05 62.9 > 94.05 exit
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-18
 C3/VST 44.4 < 79.03 44.4 > 79.03 VST 5th/corr 26.2 < 60.71 26.2 > 60.71 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C2/exit 57.0 < 89.52 57.0 > 89.52 exit 4th/corr 26.2 < 60.71 26.2 > 60.71 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C1/exit 61.7 < 93.19 61.7 > 93.19 exit 3rd/corr 26.2 < 60.71 26.2 > 60.71 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
GRND/ 2nd/corr 26.2 < 60.72 26.2 > 60.72 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B1/serv 61.4 < 92.92 61.4 > 92.92 serv 1st/corr 26.2 < 60.76 26.2 > 60.76 corr
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
LT/stai 46.8 < 81.17 46.8 > 81.17 stai
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 2 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) |------ ------|
C4/exit 77.8 < 104.64 77.8 > 104.64 exit
|------ ------|
C3/exit 90.8 < 113.03 90.8 > 113.03 exit
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Summers shaft report |------ ------|
C2/exit 76.7 < 103.88 76.7 > 103.88 exit
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone +---------------------------+

+---------------------------+ CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 3A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
UT-2/exit 20.7 < 54.00 20.7 > 54.00 exit
|------ ------|
UT-1/exit 29.0 < 63.85 29.0 > 63.85 exit
|------ ------| Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Summers shaft report
19th/corr 25.7 < 60.09 25.7 > 60.09 corr
|------ ------| level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
18th/corr 25.8 < 60.27 25.8 > 60.27 corr
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
17th/corr 25.9 < 60.35 25.9 > 60.35 corr C2/exit 35.4 < 70.57 35.4 > 70.57 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
16th/corr 25.9 < 60.40 25.9 > 60.40 corr C1/elev 12.8 < 42.44 12.8 > 42.44 elev
|------ ------| |------ ------|
15th/corr 26.0 < 60.44 26.0 > 60.44 corr GRND/stai 18.5 < 50.99 18.5 > 50.99 stai
|------ ------| |------ ------|
14th/corr 26.0 < 60.47 26.0 > 60.47 corr B1/exit 47.6 < 81.81 47.6 > 81.81 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
13th/corr 26.0 < 60.52 26.0 > 60.52 corr B2/exit 42.8 < 77.59 42.8 > 77.59 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
12th/corr 26.1 < 60.57 26.1 > 60.57 corr B3/exit 42.6 < 77.44 42.6 > 77.44 exit
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
11th/corr 26.2 < 60.67 26.2 > 60.67 corr
|------ ------|
10th/corr 26.2 < 60.69 26.2 > 60.69 corr CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 3B after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
|------ ------|
9th/corr 26.2 < 60.70 26.2 > 60.70 corr
|------ ------|
8th/corr 26.2 < 60.70 26.2 > 60.70 corr
|------ ------|
7th/corr 26.2 < 60.70 26.2 > 60.70 corr
|------ ------|
6th/corr 26.2 < 60.70 26.2 > 60.70 corr
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-19
 7th/corr46.3 < 80.70 46.3 > 80.70 corr
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Summers shaft report |------ ------|
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone 6th/corr 46.4 < 80.78 46.4 > 80.78 corr
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
C4/lobb 53.9 < 87.06 53.9 > 87.06 lobb 5th/corr 46.5 < 80.87 46.5 > 80.87 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C3/exit 43.4 < 78.11 43.4 > 78.11 exit 4th/corr 46.6 < 80.97 46.6 > 80.97 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C2/exit 42.4 < 77.27 42.4 > 77.27 exit 3rd/corr 46.7 < 81.09 46.7 > 81.09 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C1/main 53.8 < 87.00 53.8 > 87.00 main 2nd/corr 46.9 < 81.24 46.9 > 81.24 corr
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
1st/corr 47.2 < 81.47 47.2 > 81.47 corr
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 4 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) |------ ------|
LT/lobb 48.0 < 82.18 48.0 > 82.18 lobb
|------ ------|
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Summers shaft report C4/serv 48.4 < 82.49 48.4 > 82.49 serv
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone |------ ------|
C3/serv 51.4 < 85.05 51.4 > 85.05 serv
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
Roof/mach 4.9 > 26.28 4.9 < 26.28 mach C2/serv 48.8 < 82.82 48.8 > 82.82 serv
|------ ------| |------ ------|
MR-1/ C1/exit 47.5 < 81.72 47.5 > 81.72 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-2/fire 32.3 < 67.40 32.3 > 67.40 fire GRND/exit 44.2 < 78.87 44.2 > 78.87 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-1/fire 40.3 < 75.34 40.3 > 75.34 fire B1/fire 44.1 < 78.76 44.1 > 78.76 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
19th/corr 44.3 < 78.90 44.3 > 78.90 corr B2/fire 44.6 < 79.19 44.6 > 79.19 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
18th/corr 45.1 < 79.69 45.1 > 79.69 corr B3/fire 44.7 < 79.33 44.7 > 79.33 fire
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
17th/corr 45.4 < 79.94 45.4 > 79.94 corr
|------ ------| CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 5 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
16th/corr 45.6 < 80.07 45.6 > 80.07 corr
|------ ------|
15th/corr 45.7 < 80.15 45.7 > 80.15 corr Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Summers shaft report
|------ ------|
14th/corr 45.7 < 80.22 45.7 > 80.22 corr level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
13th/corr 45.8 < 80.28 45.8 > 80.28 corr Roof/mach 1.0 < 11.65 1.0 > 11.65 mach
|------ ------| |------ ------|
12th/corr 45.9 < 80.35 45.9 > 80.35 corr MR-1/
|------ ------| |------ ------|
11th/corr 46.0 < 80.41 46.0 > 80.41 corr UT-2/fire 30.7 < 65.69 30.7 > 65.69 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
10th/corr 46.0 < 80.48 46.0 > 80.48 corr UT-1/fire 34.8 < 69.99 34.8 > 69.99 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
9th/corr 46.1 < 80.55 46.1 > 80.55 corr 19th/corr 32.8 < 67.89 32.8 > 67.89 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
8th/corr 46.2 < 80.62 46.2 > 80.62 corr 18th/corr 33.1 < 68.22 33.1 > 68.22 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-20
17th/corr 33.2 < 68.36 33.2 > 68.36 corr CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 6 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
|------ ------|
16th/corr 33.3 < 68.43 33.3 > 68.43 corr Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Summers shaft report
|------ ------|
15th/corr 33.4 < 68.50 33.4 > 68.50 corr level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
|------ ------|
14th/corr 33.4 < 68.57 33.4 > 68.57 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------| C4/lobb 61.4 < 92.95 61.4 > 92.95 lobb
13th/corr 33.5 < 68.64 33.5 > 68.64 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| C3/lobb 61.4 < 92.97 61.4 > 92.97 lobb
12th/corr 33.6 < 68.74 33.6 > 68.74 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| C2/ambt 64.2 < 95.00 64.2 > 95.00 ambt
11th/corr 33.8 < 68.91 33.8 > 68.91 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| C1/lobb 61.1 < 92.70 61.1 > 92.70 lobb
10th/corr 33.8 < 68.95 33.8 > 68.95 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| GRND/ext_ 9.8 < 37.18 9.8 > 37.18 ext_
9th/corr 33.8 < 68.97 33.8 > 68.97 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| B1/exit 21.8 < 55.33 21.8 > 55.33 exit
8th/corr 33.8 < 68.98 33.8 > 68.98 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------| CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 7 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
7th/corr 33.8 < 68.98 33.8 > 68.98 corr
|------ ------| Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Summers shaft report
6th/corr 33.8 < 68.99 33.8 > 68.99 corr
|------ ------| level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
5th/corr 33.8 < 69.00 33.8 > 69.00 corr
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
4th/corr 33.9 < 69.02 33.9 > 69.02 corr C4/corr 13.3 < 43.19 13.3 > 43.19 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
3rd/corr 33.9 < 69.04 33.9 > 69.04 corr C3/corr 18.9 < 51.60 18.9 > 51.60 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
2nd/corr 33.9 < 69.06 33.9 > 69.06 corr C2/corr 14.5 < 45.21 14.5 > 45.21 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
1st/corr 34.0 < 69.15 34.0 > 69.15 corr C1/exit 19.3 < 52.04 19.3 > 52.04 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
LT/lobb 40.7 < 75.70 40.7 > 75.70 lobb GRND/exit 56.3 < 88.97 56.3 > 88.97 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C4/exit 39.9 < 74.90 39.9 > 74.90 exit B1/room 59.0 < 91.12 59.0 > 91.12 room
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C3/corr 38.3 < 73.44 38.3 > 73.44 corr B2/exit 34.0 < 69.18 34.0 > 69.18 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C2/exit 48.5 < 82.63 48.5 > 82.63 exit B3/exit 51.3 < 84.97 51.3 > 84.97 exit
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
C1/corr 40.5 < 75.44 40.5 > 75.44 corr
|------ ------| CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 8 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
GRND/corr 42.3 < 77.10 42.3 > 77.10 corr
|------ ------|
B1/fire 45.7 < 80.16 45.7 > 80.16 fire
|------ ------|
B2/fire 51.9 < 85.45 51.9 > 85.45 fire
|------ ------|
B3/fire 41.0 < 75.95 41.0 > 75.95 fire
+---------------------------+

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-21
Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Summers shaft report Manual_Pull_station_at_any_level_in_Podium_Area_Summers shaft report
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
+---------------------------+ level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
UT-2/lobb 14.7 < 45.54 14.7 > 45.54 lobb
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
UT-1/corr 47.0 < 81.34 47.0 > 81.34 corr Roof/mach 3.6 > 22.51 3.6 < 22.51 mach
|------ ------| |------ ------|
19th/corr 34.7 < 69.85 34.7 > 69.85 corr MR-1/
|------ ------| |------ ------|
18th/corr 33.8 < 68.94 33.8 > 68.94 corr UT-2/fire 31.4 < 66.46 31.4 > 66.46 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
17th/corr 33.9 < 69.04 33.9 > 69.04 corr UT-1/fire 37.9 < 73.06 37.9 > 73.06 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
16th/corr 33.9 < 69.09 33.9 > 69.09 corr 19th/corr 41.3 < 76.19 41.3 > 76.19 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
15th/corr 34.0 < 69.13 34.0 > 69.13 corr 18th/corr 42.0 < 76.84 42.0 > 76.84 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
14th/corr 34.0 < 69.16 34.0 > 69.16 corr 17th/corr 42.2 < 77.05 42.2 > 77.05 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
13th/corr 34.0 < 69.18 34.0 > 69.18 corr 16th/corr 42.3 < 77.15 42.3 > 77.15 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
12th/corr 34.1 < 69.21 34.1 > 69.21 corr 15th/corr 42.4 < 77.22 42.4 > 77.22 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
11th/corr 34.1 < 69.24 34.1 > 69.24 corr 14th/corr 42.5 < 77.28 42.5 > 77.28 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
10th/corr 34.1 < 69.26 34.1 > 69.26 corr 13th/corr 42.5 < 77.34 42.5 > 77.34 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
9th/corr 34.1 < 69.29 34.1 > 69.29 corr 12th/corr 42.6 < 77.40 42.6 > 77.40 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
8th/corr 34.2 < 69.32 34.2 > 69.32 corr 11th/corr 42.6 < 77.45 42.6 > 77.45 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
7th/corr 34.2 < 69.35 34.2 > 69.35 corr 10th/corr 42.7 < 77.51 42.7 > 77.51 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
6th/corr 34.2 < 69.38 34.2 > 69.38 corr 9th/corr 42.8 < 77.57 42.8 > 77.57 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
5th/corr 34.3 < 69.42 34.3 > 69.42 corr 8th/corr 42.9 < 77.64 42.9 > 77.64 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
4th/corr 34.3 < 69.45 34.3 > 69.45 corr 7th/corr 42.9 < 77.71 42.9 > 77.71 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
3rd/corr 34.3 < 69.48 34.3 > 69.48 corr 6th/corr 43.0 < 77.78 43.0 > 77.78 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
2nd/corr 34.4 < 69.56 34.4 > 69.56 corr 5th/corr 43.1 < 77.85 43.1 > 77.85 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
1st/corr 34.5 < 69.69 34.5 > 69.69 corr 4th/corr 43.2 < 77.94 43.2 > 77.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
LT/stai 38.3 < 73.44 38.3 > 73.44 stai 3rd/corr 43.3 < 78.01 43.3 > 78.01 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C4/lobb 73.0 < 101.33 73.0 > 101.33 lobb 2nd/corr 43.4 < 78.18 43.4 > 78.18 corr
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 8A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) 1st/corr 43.8 < 78.48 43.8 > 78.48 corr
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-22
 LT/lobb 45.8 < 80.24 45.8 > 80.24 lobb
E-2 Scenario 1.B:
C4/serv 46.0 < 80.48 46.0 > 80.48 serv
|------ ------| Activation of Fire signal from Back of house service area in Tower S07A
C3/serv 46.2 < 80.65 46.2 > 80.65 serv
|------ ------|  Sequence of Operation:
C2/exit 46.7 < 81.05 46.7 > 81.05 exit
Only the staircases and Fire Lift pressurization fans in S07A will be activated, listed below:
C1/exit 48.6 < 82.66 48.6 > 82.66 exit
|------ ------|
CORRESPONDING
GRND/exit 49.1 < 83.07 49.1 > 83.07 exit i FAN FUNCTION
AREA
PF-SR7A-MR1-01 Tower-S07A
B1/fire 55.7 < 88.50 55.7 > 88.50 fire Stair 2
PF-P09-LT-01 PODIUM Area
|------ ------| PF-SR7A-MR1-02 Tower-S07A
B2/fire 52.7 < 86.06 52.7 > 86.06 fire Stair 5
PF-P09-C4-01 PODIUM Area
|------ ------| Supply
Fire Lift PF-P9-SR7A-MR1-04-01 Tower-S07A
B3/fire 51.9 < 85.42 51.9 > 85.42 fire S07A-07 PODIUM Area
+---------------------------+ Fire Lift Tower-S07A
PF-P9-SR7A-MR1-04-02
S07A-08 PODIUM Area
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 9 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
Adjusted flows are the required flows to get the overall stair shafts within the acceptable differential pressures to
NFPA 92A.

 CONTAM floor plan for incident floor:

Level 10 was assumed as incident floor. The CONTAM floor plan during the modeling is shown as Figure __.

Figure- CONTAM Floor Plan of Tower Level 10

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-23
 |------ ------|
6th/corr29.3 < 64.21 29.3 > 64.21 corr
Winter |------ ------|
– Model input parameters: 5th/corr 29.3 < 64.20 29.3 > 64.20 corr
|------ ------|
Value 4th/corr 29.3 < 64.20 29.3 > 64.20 corr
Parameter
|------ ------|
Ambient Temperature 17.3 oC 3rd/corr 29.3 < 64.19 29.3 > 64.19 corr
Interior Temperature 20 oC |------ ------|
Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system 2nd/corr 29.3 < 64.14 29.3 > 64.14 corr
17.3 oC
operation |------ ------|
Wind speed 6.3 m/s 1st/corr 28.6 < 63.46 28.6 > 63.46 corr
Level 10 – |------ ------|
Incident Floors
S07A LT/lobb 44.6 < 79.18 44.6 > 79.18 lobb
|------ ------|
– Modeling Result C4/exit 48.8 < 82.84 48.8 > 82.84 exit
|------ ------|
Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_tower_S07A_Winters C3/VST 34.4 < 69.54 34.4 > 69.54 VST
shaft report |------ ------|
C2/exit 45.1 < 79.67 45.1 > 79.67 exit
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone |------ ------|
C1/exit 45.7 < 80.21 45.7 > 80.21 exit
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
UT-2/lobb 46.1 < 80.53 46.1 > 80.53 lobb GRND/exit 22.2 < 138.86 22.2 > 138.86 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-1/corr 44.9 < 79.48 44.9 > 79.48 corr B1/serv 42.5 < 77.35 42.5 > 77.35 serv
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
19th/corr 30.4 < 65.35 30.4 > 65.35 corr
|------ ------| CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 2 in S07A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
18th/corr 29.5 < 64.37 29.5 > 64.37 corr
|------ ------|
17th/corr 29.4 < 64.29 29.4 > 64.29 corr Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_tower_S07A_Winters shaft report
|------ ------|
16th/corr 29.4 < 64.27 29.4 > 64.27 corr
|------ ------| level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
15th/corr 29.4 < 64.26 29.4 > 64.26 corr
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
14th/corr 29.3 < 64.25 29.3 > 64.25 corr Roof/mach 35.2 < 70.41 35.2 > 70.41 mach
|------ ------| |------ ------|
13th/corr 29.3 < 64.25 29.3 > 64.25 corr MR-1/ambt 69.8 < 99.07 69.8 > 99.07 ambt
|------ ------| |------ ------|
12th/corr 29.3 < 64.24 29.3 > 64.24 corr UT-2/fire 11.4 < 40.00 11.4 > 40.00 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
11th/corr 29.3 < 64.24 29.3 > 64.24 corr UT-1/fire 11.2 < 39.76 11.2 > 39.76 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
10th/corr 29.3 < 64.23 29.3 > 64.23 corr 19th/corr 51.4 < 85.02 51.4 > 85.02 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
9th/corr 29.3 < 64.22 29.3 > 64.22 corr 18th/corr 51.3 < 84.97 51.3 > 84.97 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
8th/corr 29.3 < 64.22 29.3 > 64.22 corr 17th/corr 51.3 < 84.94 51.3 > 84.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
7th/corr 29.3 < 64.21 29.3 > 64.21 corr 16th/corr 51.3 < 84.93 51.3 > 84.93 corr

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-24
 |------ ------|
15th/corr 51.3 < 84.92 51.3 > 84.92 corr
|------ ------| Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_tower_S07A_Winters shaft report
14th/corr 51.2 < 84.91 51.2 > 84.91 corr
|------ ------| level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
13th/corr 51.2 < 84.90 51.2 > 84.90 corr
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
12th/corr 51.2 < 84.89 51.2 > 84.89 corr MR-1/mech 28.3 < 227.98 28.3 > 227.98 mech
|------ ------| |------ ------|
11th/corr 51.2 < 84.88 51.2 > 84.88 corr UT-2/fire 23.6 < 207.86 23.6 > 207.86 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
10th/corr 51.2 < 84.87 51.2 > 84.87 corr UT-1/fire 23.3 < 206.64 23.3 > 206.64 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
9th/corr 51.2 < 84.87 51.2 > 84.87 corr 19th/fire 23.4 < 207.00 23.4 > 207.00 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
8th/corr 51.2 < 84.86 51.2 > 84.86 corr 18th/fire 23.3 < 206.55 23.3 > 206.55 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
7th/corr 51.2 < 84.85 51.2 > 84.85 corr 17th/fire 23.2 < 206.21 23.2 > 206.21 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
6th/corr 51.2 < 84.85 51.2 > 84.85 corr 16th/fire 23.1 < 205.91 23.1 > 205.91 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
5th/corr 51.2 < 84.84 51.2 > 84.84 corr 15th/fire 23.0 < 205.62 23.0 > 205.62 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
4th/corr 51.2 < 84.84 51.2 > 84.84 corr 14th/fire 23.0 < 205.36 23.0 > 205.36 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
3rd/corr 51.2 < 84.84 51.2 > 84.84 corr 13th/fire 22.9 < 205.11 22.9 > 205.11 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
2nd/corr 51.2 < 84.87 51.2 > 84.87 corr 12th/fire 22.9 < 204.87 22.9 > 204.87 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
1st/corr 51.3 < 84.98 51.3 > 84.98 corr 11th/fire 22.8 < 204.66 22.8 > 204.66 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
LT/lobb 51.9 < 85.43 51.9 > 85.43 lobb 10th/fire 22.8 < 204.46 22.8 > 204.46 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C4/serv 44.7 < 79.30 44.7 > 79.30 serv 9th/fire 22.7 < 204.27 22.7 > 204.27 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C3/serv 46.4 < 80.76 46.4 > 80.76 serv 8th/fire 22.7 < 204.10 22.7 > 204.10 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C2/serv 52.4 < 85.87 52.4 > 85.87 serv 7th/fire 22.7 < 203.94 22.7 > 203.94 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C1/exit 33.6 < 68.72 33.6 > 68.72 exit 6th/fire 22.6 < 203.79 22.6 > 203.79 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
GRND/exit 21.3 < 54.75 21.3 > 54.75 exit 5th/fire 22.6 < 203.66 22.6 > 203.66 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B1/fire 12.0 < 41.07 12.0 > 41.07 fire 4th/fire 22.6 < 203.54 22.6 > 203.54 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B2/fire 11.8 < 40.79 11.8 > 40.79 fire 3rd/fire 22.6 < 203.44 22.6 > 203.44 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B3/fire 11.8 < 40.73 11.8 > 40.73 fire 2nd/fire 22.5 < 203.35 22.5 > 203.35 fire
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
1st/fire 22.5 < 203.36 22.5 > 203.36 fire
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 5 in S07A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) |------ ------|
LT/fire 22.9 < 205.04 22.9 > 205.04 fire

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-25
 |------ ------| 16th/corr 33.0 < 68.10 33.0 > 68.10 corr
C4/fire22.5 < 203.09 22.5 > 203.09 fire |------ ------|
|------ ------| 15th/corr 33.1 < 68.19 33.1 > 68.19 corr
C3/fire 22.5 < 203.12 22.5 > 203.12 fire |------ ------|
|------ ------| 14th/corr 33.1 < 68.27 33.1 > 68.27 corr
C2/fire 22.7 < 204.14 22.7 > 204.14 fire |------ ------|
|------ ------| 13th/corr 33.2 < 68.35 33.2 > 68.35 corr
C1/fire 25.6 < 216.84 25.6 > 216.84 fire |------ ------|
|------ ------| 12th/corr 33.3 < 68.43 33.3 > 68.43 corr
GRND/fire 13.9 < 1721.08 13.9 > 1721.08 fire |------ ------|
|------ ------| 11th/corr 33.4 < 68.50 33.4 > 68.50 corr
B1/fire 22.8 < 204.69 22.8 > 204.69 fire |------ ------|
|------ ------| 10th/corr 33.4 < 68.58 33.4 > 68.58 corr
B2/fire 22.7 < 203.94 22.7 > 203.94 fire |------ ------|
|------ ------| 9th/corr 33.5 < 68.67 33.5 > 68.67 corr
B3/fire 22.6 < 203.79 22.6 > 203.79 fire |------ ------|
+---------------------------+ 8th/corr 33.6 < 68.76 33.6 > 68.76 corr
|------ ------|
7th/corr 33.7 < 68.87 33.7 > 68.87 corr
CONTAM Shaft Report at Elevator S07A-07 in S07A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) |------ ------|
6th/corr 33.9 < 69.01 33.9 > 69.01 corr
|------ ------|
Summer 5th/corr 34.0 < 69.20 34.0 > 69.20 corr
– Model input parameters:
|------ ------|
Value 4th/corr 34.3 < 69.48 34.3 > 69.48 corr
Parameter
|------ ------|
Ambient Temperature 45.1 oC 3rd/corr 34.5 < 69.66 34.5 > 69.66 corr
Interior Temperature 20 oC |------ ------|
Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system 2nd/corr 34.6 < 69.74 34.6 > 69.74 corr
45.1 oC |------ ------|
operation
Wind speed 6.3 m/s 1st/corr 34.0 < 69.12 34.0 > 69.12 corr
Level 10 – |------ ------|
Incident Floors LT/lobb 54.8 < 87.79 54.8 > 87.79 lobb
S07A
|------ ------|
– Modeling Result C4/exit 71.5 < 100.30 71.5 > 100.30 exit
|------ ------|
Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_tower_S07A_Summers shaft report C3/VST 50.9 < 84.60 50.9 > 84.60 VST
|------ ------|
C2/exit 58.2 < 90.45 58.2 > 90.45 exit
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone |------ ------|
C1/exit 64.8 < 95.49 64.8 > 95.49 exit
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
UT-2/lobb 1.1 < 12.16 1.1 > 12.16 lobb GRND/exit 37.6 < 180.91 37.6 > 180.91 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-1/corr 42.4 < 77.20 42.4 > 77.20 corr B1/serv 58.0 < 90.34 58.0 > 90.34 serv
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
19th/corr 32.7 < 67.81 32.7 > 67.81 corr
|------ ------|
18th/corr 32.6 < 67.77 32.6 > 67.77 corr CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 2 in S07A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
|------ ------|
17th/corr 32.8 < 67.97 32.8 > 67.97 corr
|------ ------|
Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-26
 |------ ------|
LT/lobb 65.4 < 95.93 65.4 > 95.93 lobb
Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_tower_S07A_Summers shaft report |------ ------|
C4/serv 59.8 < 91.68 59.8 > 91.68 serv
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone |------ ------|
C3/serv 65.0 < 95.64 65.0 > 95.64 serv
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
Roof/mach 0.1 < 4.14 0.1 > 4.14 mach C2/serv 65.9 < 96.30 65.9 > 96.30 serv
|------ ------| |------ ------|
MR-1/ambt 1.9 < 16.43 1.9 > 16.43 ambt C1/exit 47.5 < 81.70 47.5 > 81.70 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-2/fire 6.3 < 29.68 6.3 > 29.68 fire GRND/exit 32.8 < 67.94 32.8 > 67.94 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-1/fire 11.2 < 39.62 11.2 > 39.62 fire B1/fire 15.1 < 46.13 15.1 > 46.13 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
19th/corr 57.2 < 89.74 57.2 > 89.74 corr B2/fire 14.9 < 45.83 14.9 > 45.83 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
18th/corr 59.0 < 91.09 59.0 > 91.09 corr B3/fire 14.8 < 45.57 14.8 > 45.57 fire
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
17th/corr 59.5 < 91.47 59.5 > 91.47 corr
|------ ------|
16th/corr 59.7 < 91.68 59.7 > 91.68 corr CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 5 in S07A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
|------ ------|
15th/corr 59.9 < 91.82 59.9 > 91.82 corr Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_tower_S07A_Summers shaft report
|------ ------|
14th/corr 60.1 < 91.94 60.1 > 91.94 corr level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
|------ ------|
13th/corr 60.2 < 92.06 60.2 > 92.06 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------| Mach/mech 13.5 < 157.60 13.5 > 157.60 mech
12th/corr 60.4 < 92.18 60.4 > 92.18 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Uppe/fire 16.9 < 175.85 16.9 > 175.85 fire
11th/corr 60.6 < 92.30 60.6 > 92.30 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Uppe/fire 21.6 < 199.11 21.6 > 199.11 fire
10th/corr 60.7 < 92.43 60.7 > 92.43 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/fire 22.8 < 204.60 22.8 > 204.60 fire
9th/corr 60.9 < 92.57 60.9 > 92.57 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/fire 22.9 < 204.77 22.9 > 204.77 fire
8th/corr 61.1 < 92.72 61.1 > 92.72 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/fire 22.8 < 204.55 22.8 > 204.55 fire
7th/corr 61.4 < 92.90 61.4 > 92.90 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/fire 22.8 < 204.30 22.8 > 204.30 fire
6th/corr 61.6 < 93.12 61.6 > 93.12 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/fire 22.7 < 204.04 22.7 > 204.04 fire
5th/corr 62.0 < 93.42 62.0 > 93.42 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/fire 22.6 < 203.80 22.6 > 203.80 fire
4th/corr 62.7 < 93.90 62.7 > 93.90 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/fire 22.6 < 203.57 22.6 > 203.57 fire
3rd/corr 63.1 < 94.20 63.1 > 94.20 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/fire 22.5 < 203.35 22.5 > 203.35 fire
2nd/corr 63.4 < 94.45 63.4 > 94.45 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| Floo/fire 22.5 < 203.15 22.5 > 203.15 fire
1st/corr 63.9 < 94.81 63.9 > 94.81 corr |------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-27
Floo/fire 22.5 < 202.96 22.5 > 202.96 fire
|------ ------|
E-2 Scenario 2.B:
Floo/fire 22.4 < 202.79 22.4 > 202.79 fire Activation of Fire signal from Back of house service area in Tower S07B
|------ ------|  Sequence of Operation:
Floo/fire 22.4 < 202.63 22.4 > 202.63 fire Only the staircases and fire lift pressurization fans in S07B will be activated, listed below:
|------ ------|
CORRESPONDING
Floo/fire 22.4 < 202.49 22.4 > 202.49 fire FAN
AREA
FUNCTION
|------ ------|
PF-SR7B-MR1-01 Tower-S07B
Floo/fire 22.3 < 202.36 22.3 > 202.36 fire Stair 3A
|------ ------| PF-P09-LT-02 PODIUM Area
Floo/fire 22.3 < 202.25 22.3 > 202.25 fire Stair 6
PF-SR7B-MR1-02 Tower-S07B
|------ ------| PF-P09-LT-04 PODIUM Area Supply
Floo/fire 22.3 < 202.16 22.3 > 202.16 fire Fire Lift PF-P9-SR7B-MR1-04-01 Tower-S07B
|------ ------| S07B-07 PODIUM Area
Floo/fire 22.3 < 202.07 22.3 > 202.07 fire Fire Lift Tower-S07B
|------ ------| PF-P9-SR7B-MR1-04-02
S07B-08 PODIUM Area
Floo/fire 22.2 < 201.98 22.2 > 201.98 fire
|------ ------| Adjusted flows are the required flows to get the overall stair shafts within the acceptable differential pressures to
Floo/fire 22.2 < 201.92 22.2 > 201.92 fire NFPA 92A.
|------ ------|  CONTAM floor plan for incident floor:
Level 10 was assumed as incident floor. The CONTAM floor plan during the modeling is shown as Figure __.
Lowe/fire 23.2 < 206.32 23.2 > 206.32 fire
|------ ------|
C4/fire 22.3 < 202.19 22.3 > 202.19 fire
|------ ------|
C3/fire 22.4 < 202.48 22.4 > 202.48 fire
|------ ------|
C2/fire 22.5 < 203.24 22.5 > 203.24 fire
|------ ------|
C1/fire 29.9 < 234.24 29.9 > 234.24 fire
|------ ------|
GRND/fire 14.2 < 1736.26 14.2 > 1736.26 fire
|------ ------|
B1/fire 24.4 < 211.46 24.4 > 211.46 fire
|------ ------|
B2/fire 24.2 < 210.59 24.2 > 210.59 fire
|------ ------|
B3/fire 24.0 < 209.85 24.0 > 209.85 fire
+---------------------------+

CONTAM Shaft Report at Elevator S07A-07 in S07A after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) Figure- CONTAM Floor Plan of Tower Level 10

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-28
Winter |------ ------|
– Model input parameters: 4th/corr 22.1 < 55.72 22.1 > 55.72 corr
|------ ------|
Value 3rd/corr 22.1 < 55.73 22.1 > 55.73 corr
Parameter
|------ ------|
Ambient Temperature 17.3 oC 2nd/corr 22.1 < 55.76 22.1 > 55.76 corr
Interior Temperature 20 oC |------ ------|
Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system 1st/corr 22.2 < 55.85 22.2 > 55.85 corr
17.3 oC
operation |------ ------|
Wind speed 6.3 m/s LT/stai 40.3 < 75.31 40.3 > 75.31 stai
Level 10 – |------ ------|
Incident Floors
S07B C4/exit 77.5 < 104.39 77.5 > 104.39 exit
– Modeling Result |------ ------|
C3/exit 91.8 < 113.66 91.8 > 113.66 exit
Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_in_tower_S07B_Winters shaft report |------ ------|
C2/exit 83.6 < 108.47 83.6 > 108.47 exit
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone +---------------------------+

+---------------------------+ CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 3A in S07B after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
UT-2/exit 40.7 < 75.66 40.7 > 75.66 exit
|------ ------|
UT-1/exit 33.0 < 68.09 33.0 > 68.09 exit Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_in_tower_S07B_Winters shaft report
|------ ------| level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
19th/corr 22.1 < 55.82 22.1 > 55.82 corr
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
18th/corr 22.1 < 55.79 22.1 > 55.79 corr Roof/mach 60.6 < 92.30 60.6 > 92.30 mach
|------ ------| |------ ------|
17th/corr 22.1 < 55.76 22.1 > 55.76 corr MR-1/ambt 131.7 < 136.12 131.7 > 136.12 ambt
|------ ------| |------ ------|
16th/corr 22.1 < 55.75 22.1 > 55.75 corr UT-2/fire 1.1 < 12.50 1.1 > 12.50 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
15th/corr 22.1 < 55.74 22.1 > 55.74 corr UT-1/fire 0.4 > 7.34 0.4 < 7.34 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
14th/corr 22.1 < 55.74 22.1 > 55.74 corr 19th/corr 64.2 < 95.03 64.2 > 95.03 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
13th/corr 22.1 < 55.74 22.1 > 55.74 corr 18th/corr 64.2 < 95.00 64.2 > 95.00 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
12th/corr 22.1 < 55.74 22.1 > 55.74 corr 17th/corr 64.1 < 94.96 64.1 > 94.96 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
11th/corr 22.1 < 55.73 22.1 > 55.73 corr 16th/corr 64.1 < 94.95 64.1 > 94.95 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
10th/corr 22.1 < 55.73 22.1 > 55.73 corr 15th/corr 64.1 < 94.94 64.1 > 94.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
9th/corr 22.1 < 55.73 22.1 > 55.73 corr 14th/corr 64.1 < 94.94 64.1 > 94.94 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
8th/corr 22.1 < 55.73 22.1 > 55.73 corr 13th/corr 64.1 < 94.93 64.1 > 94.93 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
7th/corr 22.1 < 55.73 22.1 > 55.73 corr 12th/corr 64.1 < 94.93 64.1 > 94.93 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
6th/corr 22.1 < 55.72 22.1 > 55.72 corr 11th/corr 64.1 < 94.93 64.1 > 94.93 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
5th/corr 22.1 < 55.72 22.1 > 55.72 corr 10th/corr 64.1 < 94.93 64.1 > 94.93 corr

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-29
 |------ ------| |------ ------|
9th/corr64.1 < 94.93 64.1 > 94.93 corr 18th/fire 17.7 < 179.96 17.7 > 179.96 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
8th/corr 64.1 < 94.93 64.1 > 94.93 corr 17th/fire 17.5 < 179.31 17.5 > 179.31 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
7th/corr 64.1 < 94.93 64.1 > 94.93 corr 16th/fire 17.5 < 178.93 17.5 > 178.93 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
6th/corr 64.1 < 94.93 64.1 > 94.93 corr 15th/fire 17.4 < 178.64 17.4 > 178.64 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
5th/corr 64.1 < 94.93 64.1 > 94.93 corr 14th/fire 17.3 < 178.37 17.3 > 178.37 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
4th/corr 64.1 < 94.93 64.1 > 94.93 corr 13th/fire 17.3 < 178.13 17.3 > 178.13 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
3rd/corr 64.1 < 94.95 64.1 > 94.95 corr 12th/fire 17.3 < 177.90 17.3 > 177.90 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
2nd/corr 64.1 < 94.99 64.1 > 94.99 corr 11th/fire 17.2 < 177.68 17.2 > 177.68 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
1st/corr 64.3 < 95.11 64.3 > 95.11 corr 10th/fire 17.2 < 177.48 17.2 > 177.48 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
LT/lobb 69.8 < 99.06 69.8 > 99.06 lobb 9th/fire 17.1 < 177.30 17.1 > 177.30 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C4/exit 63.9 < 94.83 63.9 > 94.83 exit 8th/fire 17.1 < 177.12 17.1 > 177.12 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C3/corr 44.8 < 79.41 44.8 > 79.41 corr 7th/fire 17.1 < 176.96 17.1 > 176.96 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C2/exit 71.2 < 100.05 71.2 > 100.05 exit 6th/fire 17.0 < 176.81 17.0 > 176.81 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C1/corr 42.2 < 77.01 42.2 > 77.01 corr 5th/fire 17.0 < 176.67 17.0 > 176.67 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
GRND/corr 46.0 < 80.47 46.0 > 80.47 corr 4th/fire 17.0 < 176.56 17.0 > 176.56 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B1/fire 27.0 < 61.62 27.0 > 61.62 fire 3rd/fire 17.0 < 176.48 17.0 > 176.48 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B2/fire 29.6 < 64.57 29.6 > 64.57 fire 2nd/fire 17.0 < 176.61 17.0 > 176.61 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B3/fire 3.5 < 22.10 3.5 > 22.10 fire 1st/fire 17.4 < 178.87 17.4 > 178.87 fire
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
LT/fire 29.0 < 230.58 29.0 > 230.58 fire
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 6 in S07B after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) |------ ------|
C4/fire 27.5 < 224.73 27.5 > 224.73 fire
|------ ------|
Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_tower_S07B_Winters shaft report C3/fire 27.3 < 223.84 27.3 > 223.84 fire
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone |------ ------|
C2/fire 27.2 < 223.28 27.2 > 223.28 fire
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
MR-1/mech 40.2 < 271.42 40.2 > 271.42 mech C1/fire 29.3 < 231.75 29.3 > 231.75 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-2/fire 30.5 < 236.35 30.5 > 236.35 fire GRND/fire 16.8 < 1888.06 16.8 > 1888.06 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-1/fire 28.8 < 229.81 28.8 > 229.81 fire B1/fire 54.7 < 316.66 54.7 > 316.66 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
19th/fire 18.5 < 184.20 18.5 > 184.20 fire B2/fire 57.3 < 324.25 57.3 > 324.25 fire

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-30
 |------ ------| |------ ------|
B3/fire 31.1 < 239.02 31.1 > 239.02 fire 10th/corr 22.7 < 56.46 22.7 > 56.46 corr
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
9th/corr 22.7 < 56.47 22.7 > 56.47 corr
CONTAM Shaft Report at S07B-07 in S07B after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) |------ ------|
8th/corr 22.7 < 56.49 22.7 > 56.49 corr
|------ ------|
7th/corr 22.7 < 56.50 22.7 > 56.50 corr
|------ ------|
6th/corr 22.7 < 56.51 22.7 > 56.51 corr
|------ ------|
Summer 5th/corr 22.7 < 56.52 22.7 > 56.52 corr
– Model input parameters: |------ ------|
4th/corr 22.7 < 56.53 22.7 > 56.53 corr
Value |------ ------|
Parameter
3rd/corr 22.7 < 56.55 22.7 > 56.55 corr
Ambient Temperature 45.1 oC |------ ------|
Interior Temperature 20 oC 2nd/corr 22.8 < 56.59 22.8 > 56.59 corr
Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system |------ ------|
45.1 oC
operation 1st/corr 22.8 < 56.66 22.8 > 56.66 corr
Wind speed 6.3 m/s |------ ------|
Level 10 – LT/stai 43.3 < 78.03 43.3 > 78.03 stai
Incident Floors
S07B |------ ------|
C4/exit 99.9 < 118.56 99.9 > 118.56 exit
– Modeling Result |------ ------|
C3/exit 121.7 < 130.86 121.7 > 130.86 exit
Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_in_tower_S07B_Summers shaft report |------ ------|
C2/exit 110.9 < 124.89 110.9 > 124.89 exit
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone +---------------------------+
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 3A in S07B after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
+---------------------------+
UT-2/exit 25.3 < 59.67 25.3 > 59.67 exit
|------ ------|
UT-1/exit 29.5 < 64.41 29.5 > 64.41 exit Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_in_tower_S07B_Summers shaft report
|------ ------|
19th/corr 22.4 < 56.13 22.4 > 56.13 corr level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
|------ ------|
18th/corr 22.5 < 56.30 22.5 > 56.30 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------| Roof/mach 28.6 < 63.39 28.6 > 63.39 mach
17th/corr 22.6 < 56.33 22.6 > 56.33 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| MR-1/ambt 66.6 < 96.79 66.6 > 96.79 ambt
16th/corr 22.6 < 56.35 22.6 > 56.35 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| UT-2/fire 0.7 < 9.64 0.7 > 9.64 fire
15th/corr 22.6 < 56.37 22.6 > 56.37 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| UT-1/fire 0.4 < 7.95 0.4 > 7.95 fire
14th/corr 22.6 < 56.39 22.6 > 56.39 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 19th/corr 62.7 < 93.88 62.7 > 93.88 corr
13th/corr 22.6 < 56.41 22.6 > 56.41 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 18th/corr 62.9 < 94.08 62.9 > 94.08 corr
12th/corr 22.6 < 56.43 22.6 > 56.43 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 17th/corr 63.0 < 94.12 63.0 > 94.12 corr
11th/corr 22.7 < 56.45 22.7 > 56.45 corr |------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-31
16th/corr 63.0 < 94.14 63.0 > 94.14 corr CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 6 in S07B after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
|------ ------|
15th/corr 63.0 < 94.17 63.0 > 94.17 corr
|------ ------|
14th/corr 63.1 < 94.19 63.1 > 94.19 corr
|------ ------|
13th/corr 63.1 < 94.21 63.1 > 94.21 corr
|------ ------|
12th/corr 63.1 < 94.23 63.1 > 94.23 corr
|------ ------|
11th/corr 63.2 < 94.25 63.2 > 94.25 corr
|------ ------| Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_tower_S07B_Summer shaft report
10th/corr 63.2 < 94.27 63.2 > 94.27 corr
|------ ------| level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
9th/corr 63.2 < 94.29 63.2 > 94.29 corr
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
8th/corr 63.2 < 94.31 63.2 > 94.31 corr MR-1/mech 31.5 < 240.55 31.5 > 240.55 mech
|------ ------| |------ ------|
7th/corr 63.2 < 94.32 63.2 > 94.32 corr UT-2/fire 28.5 < 228.45 28.5 > 228.45 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
6th/corr 63.3 < 94.34 63.3 > 94.34 corr UT-1/fire 28.1 < 226.90 28.1 > 226.90 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
5th/corr 63.3 < 94.36 63.3 > 94.36 corr 19th/fire 17.9 < 181.31 17.9 > 181.31 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
4th/corr 63.3 < 94.38 63.3 > 94.38 corr 18th/fire 17.2 < 177.42 17.2 > 177.42 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
3rd/corr 63.4 < 94.41 63.4 > 94.41 corr 17th/fire 17.0 < 176.83 17.0 > 176.83 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
2nd/corr 63.5 < 94.48 63.5 > 94.48 corr 16th/fire 17.0 < 176.49 17.0 > 176.49 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
1st/corr 63.6 < 94.57 63.6 > 94.57 corr 15th/fire 16.9 < 176.24 16.9 > 176.24 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
LT/lobb 73.1 < 101.43 73.1 > 101.43 lobb 14th/fire 16.9 < 176.03 16.9 > 176.03 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C4/exit 67.5 < 97.44 67.5 > 97.44 exit 13th/fire 16.9 < 175.82 16.9 > 175.82 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C3/corr 49.6 < 83.52 49.6 > 83.52 corr 12th/fire 16.8 < 175.64 16.8 > 175.64 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C2/exit 87.0 < 110.64 87.0 > 110.64 exit 11th/fire 16.8 < 175.46 16.8 > 175.46 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C1/corr 49.4 < 83.37 49.4 > 83.37 corr 10th/fire 16.8 < 175.30 16.8 > 175.30 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
GRND/corr 54.4 < 87.45 54.4 > 87.45 corr 9th/fire 16.7 < 175.16 16.7 > 175.16 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B1/fire 35.8 < 70.92 35.8 > 70.92 fire 8th/fire 16.7 < 175.03 16.7 > 175.03 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B2/fire 43.4 < 78.18 43.4 > 78.18 fire 7th/fire 16.7 < 174.90 16.7 > 174.90 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
B3/fire 8.1 < 33.78 8.1 > 33.78 fire 6th/fire 16.7 < 174.80 16.7 > 174.80 fire
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
5th/fire 16.6 < 174.70 16.6 > 174.70 fire
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-32
4th/fire 16.6 < 174.62 16.6 > 174.62 fire
|------ ------|
E-2 Scenario 3.B:
3rd/fire 16.6 < 174.58 16.6 > 174.58 fire
|------ ------| Scenario 3.C:
2nd/fire 16.6 < 174.75 16.6 > 174.75 fire
|------ ------|
Activation of Fire signal from Back of house service area in Tower SR03
1st/fire 17.1 < 177.08 17.1 > 177.08 fire
|------ ------|
LT/fire 28.9 < 230.27 28.9 > 230.27 fire  Sequence of Operation:
|------ ------|
Only the staircases and fire lift pressurization fans in SR03 will be activated, listed below:
C4/fire 27.2 < 223.33 27.2 > 223.33 fire
|------ ------|
CORRESPONDING
C3/fire 27.1 < 222.76 27.1 > 222.76 fire FAN FUNCTION
AREA
|------ ------|
Stair 8A PF-SR3-MR1-01 PODIUM Area
C2/fire 26.9 < 221.99 26.9 > 221.99 fire
|------ ------| PF-P09-SR3-MR1-02 Tower-SR03
Stair 9
C1/fire 30.2 < 235.46 30.2 > 235.46 fire PF-P09-C1-01 PODIUM Area
Fire Lifts PF-P9-SR3-MR1-04-01 Tower-SR03 Supply
|------ ------|
SR03-07 PODIUM Area
GRND/fire 16.7 < 1887.49 16.7 > 1887.49 fire
Fire Lifts Tower-SR03
|------ ------| SR03-08
PF-P9-SR3-MR1-04-02
PODIUM Area Adjusted flows
B1/fire 61.9 < 336.87 61.9 > 336.87 fire
are the required flows to get the overall stair shafts within the acceptable differential pressures to NFPA 92A.
|------ ------|
B2/fire 69.6 < 357.19 69.6 > 357.19 fire  CONTAM floor plan for incident floor:
|------ ------|
B3/fire 34.2 < 250.53 34.2 > 250.53 fire +---------------------------+ Level 10 was assumed as incident floor. The CONTAM floor plan during the modeling is shown as Figure __.

CONTAM Shaft Report at S07B-07 in S07B after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)

Figure- CONTAM Floor Plan of Tower Level 10

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-33
Winter |------ ------|
– Model input parameters: Floo/corr 26.8 < 61.44 26.8 > 61.44 corr
|------ ------|
Value Floo/corr 26.8 < 61.44 26.8 > 61.44 corr
Parameter
|------ ------|
Ambient Temperature 17.3 oC Floo/corr 26.8 < 61.43 26.8 > 61.43 corr
Interior Temperature 20 oC |------ ------|
Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system Floo/corr 26.8 < 61.43 26.8 > 61.43 corr
17.3 oC
operation |------ ------|
Wind speed 6.3 m/s Floo/corr 26.9 < 61.47 26.9 > 61.47 corr
Level 10 – |------ ------|
Incident Floors
SR03 Lowe/
|------ ------|
– Modeling Result C4/lobb 55.0 < 87.96 55.0 > 87.96 lobb
+---------------------------+
Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_tower_SR03_Winters_updated_5-12-14 shaft
report
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 8A in SR03 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone

+---------------------------+ Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_in_tower_SR03_Winters shaft report

Uppe/lobb 45.7 < 80.17 45.7 > 80.17 lobb
|------ ------|
Uppe/corr 41.8 < 76.69 41.8 > 76.69 corr level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 27.9 < 62.61 27.9 > 62.61 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------| Roof/mach 34.1 < 69.24 34.1 > 69.24 mach
Floo/corr 26.9 < 61.50 26.9 > 61.50 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| MR-1/ambt 69.3 < 98.71 69.3 > 98.71 ambt
Floo/corr 26.9 < 61.48 26.9 > 61.48 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| UT-2/fire 8.5 < 34.50 8.5 > 34.50 fire
Floo/corr 26.9 < 61.48 26.9 > 61.48 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| UT-1/fire 8.2 < 33.94 8.2 > 33.94 fire
Floo/corr 26.9 < 61.47 26.9 > 61.47 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 19th/corr 45.0 < 79.59 45.0 > 79.59 corr
Floo/corr 26.9 < 61.47 26.9 > 61.47 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 18th/corr 45.0 < 79.54 45.0 > 79.54 corr
Floo/corr 26.9 < 61.46 26.9 > 61.46 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 17th/corr 44.9 < 79.51 44.9 > 79.51 corr
Floo/corr 26.9 < 61.46 26.9 > 61.46 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 16th/corr 44.9 < 79.50 44.9 > 79.50 corr
Floo/corr 26.9 < 61.46 26.9 > 61.46 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 15th/corr 44.9 < 79.49 44.9 > 79.49 corr
Floo/corr 26.8 < 61.46 26.8 > 61.46 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 14th/corr 44.9 < 79.48 44.9 > 79.48 corr
Floo/corr 26.8 < 61.45 26.8 > 61.45 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 13th/corr 44.9 < 79.48 44.9 > 79.48 corr
Floo/corr 26.8 < 61.45 26.8 > 61.45 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 12th/corr 44.9 < 79.47 44.9 > 79.47 corr
Floo/corr 26.8 < 61.45 26.8 > 61.45 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 11th/corr 44.9 < 79.47 44.9 > 79.47 corr
Floo/corr 26.8 < 61.44 26.8 > 61.44 corr |------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-34
10th/corr 44.9 < 79.46 44.9 > 79.46 corr Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_tower_SR03_Winters shaft report
|------ ------|
9th/corr 44.9 < 79.46 44.9 > 79.46 corr level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone
|------ ------|
8th/corr 44.9 < 79.45 44.9 > 79.45 corr +---------------------------+
|------ ------| MR-1/mech 29.2 < 231.37 29.2 > 231.37 mech
7th/corr 44.9 < 79.45 44.9 > 79.45 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| UT-2/fire 24.3 < 210.95 24.3 > 210.95 fire
6th/corr 44.9 < 79.44 44.9 > 79.44 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| UT-1/fire 23.9 < 209.17 23.9 > 209.17 fire
5th/corr 44.9 < 79.44 44.9 > 79.44 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 19th/fire 23.9 < 209.25 23.9 > 209.25 fire
4th/corr 44.9 < 79.44 44.9 > 79.44 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 18th/fire 23.8 < 208.77 23.8 > 208.77 fire
3rd/corr 44.8 < 79.42 44.8 > 79.42 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 17th/fire 23.7 < 208.44 23.7 > 208.44 fire
2nd/corr 44.9 < 79.43 44.9 > 79.43 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 16th/fire 23.6 < 208.14 23.6 > 208.14 fire
1st/corr 44.9 < 79.50 44.9 > 79.50 corr |------ ------|
|------ ------| 15th/fire 23.6 < 207.86 23.6 > 207.86 fire
LT/lobb 46.0 < 80.47 46.0 > 80.47 lobb |------ ------|
|------ ------| 14th/fire 23.5 < 207.59 23.5 > 207.59 fire
C4/serv 45.2 < 79.71 45.2 > 79.71 serv |------ ------|
|------ ------| 13th/fire 23.4 < 207.35 23.4 > 207.35 fire
C3/serv 45.2 < 79.73 45.2 > 79.73 serv |------ ------|
|------ ------| 12th/fire 23.4 < 207.12 23.4 > 207.12 fire
C2/exit 45.2 < 79.77 45.2 > 79.77 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 11th/fire 23.3 < 206.91 23.3 > 206.91 fire
C1/exit 43.5 < 78.20 43.5 > 78.20 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 10th/fire 23.3 < 206.71 23.3 > 206.71 fire
GRND/exit 41.7 < 76.56 41.7 > 76.56 exit |------ ------|
|------ ------| 9th/fire 23.3 < 206.53 23.3 > 206.53 fire
B1/fire 50.5 < 84.31 50.5 > 84.31 fire |------ ------|
|------ ------| 8th/fire 23.2 < 206.36 23.2 > 206.36 fire
B2/fire 43.7 < 78.39 43.7 > 78.39 fire |------ ------|
|------ ------| 7th/fire 23.2 < 206.20 23.2 > 206.20 fire
B3/fire 41.1 < 76.01 41.1 > 76.01 fire |------ ------|
+---------------------------+ 6th/fire 23.1 < 206.06 23.1 > 206.06 fire
|------ ------|
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 9 in SR03 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) 5th/fire 23.1 < 205.92 23.1 > 205.92 fire
|------ ------|
4th/fire 23.1 < 205.81 23.1 > 205.81 fire
|------ ------|
3rd/fire 23.1 < 205.70 23.1 > 205.70 fire
|------ ------|
2nd/fire 23.0 < 205.61 23.0 > 205.61 fire
|------ ------|
1st/fire 23.0 < 205.62 23.0 > 205.62 fire
|------ ------|
LT/fire 23.5 < 207.53 23.5 > 207.53 fire
|------ ------|
C4/fire 28.0 < 226.61 28.0 > 226.61 fire

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-35
 |------ ------|
C3/fire
28.5 < 228.58 28.5 > 228.58 fire
|------ ------|
Summer
– Model input parameters:
C2/fire 28.6 < 229.03 28.6 > 229.03 fire
|------ ------| Value
C1/fire 28.4 < 228.10 28.4 > 228.10 fire Parameter
|------ ------| Ambient Temperature 45.1 oC
GRND/fire 14.1 < 1729.20 14.1 > 1729.20 fire Interior Temperature 20 oC
|------ ------| Temperature of the protection area after pressurization system
B1/fire 29.0 < 230.46 29.0 > 230.46 fire 45.1 oC
operation
|------ ------| Wind speed 6.3 m/s
B2/fire 22.1 < 201.36 22.1 > 201.36 fire Level 10 –
|------ ------| Incident Floors
SR03
B3/fire 19.5 < 189.07 19.5 > 189.07 fire
+---------------------------+ – Modeling Result
CONTAM Shaft Report at SR03-07 in SR03 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_tower_SR03_Summers_updated_5-12-14 shaft
report
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone

+---------------------------+
Uppe/lobb 8.7 < 35.05 8.7 > 35.05 lobb
|------ ------|
Uppe/corr 40.7 < 75.67 40.7 > 75.67 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 30.6 < 65.60 30.6 > 65.60 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 30.2 < 65.14 30.2 > 65.14 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 30.4 < 65.36 30.4 > 65.36 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 30.5 < 65.48 30.5 > 65.48 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 30.6 < 65.57 30.6 > 65.57 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 30.6 < 65.65 30.6 > 65.65 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 30.7 < 65.73 30.7 > 65.73 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 30.8 < 65.81 30.8 > 65.81 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 30.9 < 65.90 30.9 > 65.90 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 31.0 < 66.02 31.0 > 66.02 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 31.1 < 66.19 31.1 > 66.19 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 31.3 < 66.36 31.3 > 66.36 corr
|------ ------|
Floo/corr 31.4 < 66.44 31.4 > 66.44 corr
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-36
Floo/corr 31.4 < 66.48 31.4 > 66.48 corr 8th/corr 52.5 < 85.97 52.5 > 85.97 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
Floo/corr 31.4 < 66.49 31.4 > 66.49 corr 7th/corr 52.7 < 86.12 52.7 > 86.12 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
Floo/corr 31.4 < 66.50 31.4 > 66.50 corr 6th/corr 52.8 < 86.19 52.8 > 86.19 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
Floo/corr 31.4 < 66.50 31.4 > 66.50 corr 5th/corr 52.9 < 86.23 52.9 > 86.23 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
Floo/corr 31.4 < 66.51 31.4 > 66.51 corr 4th/corr 52.9 < 86.25 52.9 > 86.25 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
Floo/corr 31.6 < 66.62 31.6 > 66.62 corr 3rd/corr 52.9 < 86.26 52.9 > 86.26 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
Lowe/ 2nd/corr 52.9 < 86.28 52.9 > 86.28 corr
|------ ------| |------ ------|
C4/lobb 87.7 < 111.07 87.7 > 111.07 lobb 1st/corr 53.2 < 86.50 53.2 > 86.50 corr
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 8A in SR03 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s) LT/lobb 57.1 < 89.65 57.1 > 89.65 lobb
|------ ------|
C4/serv 55.0 < 87.97 55.0 > 87.97 serv
Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_in_tower_SR03_Summers shaft report |------ ------|
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone C3/serv 55.5 < 88.38 55.5 > 88.38 serv
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
Roof/mach 2.9 < 20.08 2.9 > 20.08 mach C2/exit 59.0 < 91.13 59.0 > 91.13 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
MR-1/ambt 5.8 < 28.49 5.8 > 28.49 ambt C1/exit 60.8 < 92.50 60.8 > 92.50 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-2/fire 5.5 < 27.87 5.5 > 27.87 fire GRND/exit 61.1 < 92.73 61.1 > 92.73 exit
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-1/fire 8.9 < 35.43 8.9 > 35.43 fire B1/fire 50.5 < 84.24 50.5 > 84.24 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
19th/corr 48.4 < 82.54 48.4 > 82.54 corr B2/fire 36.4 < 71.57 36.4 > 71.57 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
18th/corr 49.9 < 83.76 49.9 > 83.76 corr B3/fire 34.7 < 69.82 34.7 > 69.82 fire
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
17th/corr 50.3 < 84.14 50.3 > 84.14 corr CONTAM Shaft Report at Stair 9 in SR03 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
|------ ------|
16th/corr 50.6 < 84.34 50.6 > 84.34 corr
|------ ------|
15th/corr 50.8 < 84.50 50.8 > 84.50 corr
|------ ------|
14th/corr 50.9 < 84.64 50.9 > 84.64 corr
|------ ------|
13th/corr 51.1 < 84.79 51.1 > 84.79 corr
|------ ------|
12th/corr 51.3 < 84.94 51.3 > 84.94 corr
|------ ------|
11th/corr 51.5 < 85.11 51.5 > 85.11 corr
|------ ------|
10th/corr 51.8 < 85.32 51.8 > 85.32 corr
|------ ------|
9th/corr 52.1 < 85.63 52.1 > 85.63 corr
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-37
Fire_signal_from_Back_of_house_service_area_tower_SR03_Summers shaft report C3/fire 31.2 < 239.21 31.2 > 239.21 fire
level/zone [Pa] [sL/s] [Pa] [sL/s] zone |------ ------|
C2/fire 32.0 < 242.20 32.0 > 242.20 fire
+---------------------------+ |------ ------|
MR-1/mech 18.0 < 181.80 18.0 > 181.80 mech C1/fire 33.0 < 246.14 33.0 > 246.14 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-2/fire 18.8 < 185.55 18.8 > 185.55 fire GRND/fire 14.1 < 1734.16 14.1 > 1734.16 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
UT-1/fire 22.0 < 201.05 22.0 > 201.05 fire B1/fire 37.5 < 262.40 37.5 > 262.40 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
19th/fire 22.9 < 205.16 22.9 > 205.16 fire B2/fire 23.5 < 207.59 23.5 > 207.59 fire
|------ ------| |------ ------|
18th/fire 23.0 < 205.36 23.0 > 205.36 fire B3/fire 21.7 < 199.68 21.7 > 199.68 fire
|------ ------| +---------------------------+
17th/fire 23.0 < 205.20 23.0 > 205.20 fire CONTAM Shaft Report at SR03-07 in SR03 after simulation (Parameters in Pa & L/s)
|------ ------|
16th/fire 22.9 < 205.00 22.9 > 205.00 fire
|------ ------|
15th/fire 22.9 < 204.78 22.9 > 204.78 fire
|------ ------|
14th/fire 22.8 < 204.58 22.8 > 204.58 fire
|------ ------|
13th/fire 22.8 < 204.39 22.8 > 204.39 fire
|------ ------|
12th/fire 22.7 < 204.21 22.7 > 204.21 fire
|------ ------|
11th/fire 22.7 < 204.06 22.7 > 204.06 fire
|------ ------|
10th/fire 22.7 < 203.92 22.7 > 203.92 fire
|------ ------|
9th/fire 22.6 < 203.83 22.6 > 203.83 fire
|------ ------|
8th/fire 22.6 < 203.74 22.6 > 203.74 fire
|------ ------|
7th/fire 22.6 < 203.63 22.6 > 203.63 fire
|------ ------|
6th/fire 22.6 < 203.51 22.6 > 203.51 fire
|------ ------|
5th/fire 22.6 < 203.39 22.6 > 203.39 fire
|------ ------|
4th/fire 22.5 < 203.28 22.5 > 203.28 fire
|------ ------|
3rd/fire 22.5 < 203.18 22.5 > 203.18 fire
|------ ------|
2nd/fire 22.5 < 203.10 22.5 > 203.10 fire
|------ ------|
1st/fire 22.5 < 203.13 22.5 > 203.13 fire
|------ ------|
LT/fire 23.0 < 205.37 23.0 > 205.37 fire
|------ ------|
C4/fire 30.3 < 235.65 30.3 > 235.65 fire
|------ ------|

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix E 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page E-38
 C. Fusible link temperature if a fire damper or combination damper.
Appendix F – Special Inspection General Notes
D. Supervisory devices.
Acceptance testing of the smoke control systems is necessary to confirm proper activation and operation. The use
E. Dampers subject to close while fans are operating must be listed as dynamic dampers.
of chemical smoke (cold smoke), which has little or no buoyancy, should not be used in testing. Therefore,
acceptance testing of the project’s smoke control systems is to be without a fire. F. Verification of damper switch positions in both normal and smoke-control mode.

The special inspection will consist of equipment and construction inspections, as well as functional testing. The G. Supervision of wiring for smoke-control damper switches.
Special Inspector of Record will coordinate with the following trades: HVAC, Electrical, Fire Alarm, Automatic
Sprinkler, Energy/Building Management Systems, Door Contractor, etc. H. Location per control diagrams and numbering.

The acceptance tests without a fire will consist of: Doors

 Confirming and verifying that the smoke control system components will function and operate as intended by The Special Inspector of Record will inspect doors and doorframes in smoke zone walls for the following:
the system design.
 Measuring and balancing airflows, and verifying that the sequence of operation, component functions and A. Doors are properly rated for intended use.
controls of the smoke control systems comply with the system design.
B. Doors are capable of self-closing or automatically closing and latching under both passive and active
 Accepted test and balance procedures to verify that pressure differences, where required, are being achieved.
 A visual inspection of the smoke control system components. conditions.

 Testing of equipment for sequence of operations, as well as providing a balance report by which future tests C. Doors are capable of automatically opening and latching under both passive and active conditions.
can be compared.
D. All doors located in smoke barriers have proper smoke seals and gaskets. Approval label followed by the

Equipment and Installation Review letter “S” on door and frame.

The special inspection will consist of equipment and construction inspections, as well as functional testing of the E. Doors are located as shown on the control diagrams.
following:
Fans
Smoke Barriers Fan performance to be performed and documented by a separate certified test and balance contractor. Proof of
certification and calibration certificates for all test equipment will be required for review prior to testing. The Special
Walls and all other smoke barrier construction will be visually inspected during construction and tested to ensure Inspector of Record will inspect fans functioning as part of the smoke-control system for the following:
that leakage areas do not exceed those permitted by smoke barrier construction. The Special Inspector of Record
will review all building walls forming smoke zones for the following:
A. Installation is in accordance with approved plans.
A. Location is consistent with smoke-control diagrams.
B. Listing or lab approval.
B. Walls are complete and without holes.
C. Duct detectors are installed if required.
C. Wall penetrations are sealed.
D. Supervisory devices are installed (i.e., current sensor or differential pressure switch).
D. Automatic smoke control activation is consistent with smoke zone boundaries where alarm initiates smoke-
E. Wiring is complete and within continuous raceways.
control.
F. Fan is labeled with unit number per drawing.
Dampers
G. Location per control diagrams and numbering.
The Special Inspector of Record will inspect dampers functioning as part of the smoke-control system for the
following:
Fire Alarm System

A. Installation is in accordance with manufacturers’ installation instructions. Components of the fire alarm system initiating smoke-control will be inspected as follows:

B. Listing or lab approval. A. Wiring for initiating devices used to activate smoke-control is installed within enclosed raceways.

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix F 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page F-1
B. System shall be UUKL listed.

C. Sequencing for smoke-control matches rational analysis report/design documents (programming). Duct Leakage Testing

D. Firefighter’s panel matches smoke zones and approved drawings. A. The Special Inspector of Record will witness duct leakage tests conducted by an approved air balance
company. Proof of certification and calibration certificates for all testing equipment will be required for review
Electrical prior to testing. Duct leakage testing should be performed during the construction phase while the ductwork
is exposed and accessible.
Components of the electrical system will be inspected as follows:
B. Ductwork to be tested:
A. Confirm appropriate equipment is on emergency power.
1. Smoke-control main distribution ductwork (if applicable).
B. Confirm stand-by source and its transfer switch are separated from the normal power transformers and switch
C. Test Criteria
gear.
1. Duct pressure tested at 1.5 times maximum design pressure. Fan operating pressure noted on
C. Confirm that stand-by power is transferred to the smoke-control equipment within 60 seconds. mechanical drawing fan schedule to be considered the maximum design pressure.

2. Exhaust ducts to be tested under negative pressure.

Testing of smoke control system
3. Supply ducts to be tested under positive pressure.
Testing to be performed and documented by a separate certified test and balance contractor and witnessed by
Special Inspector of Record. D. Passing Criteria

A. Test pressure differentials across smoke barriers separating adjacent smoke zones that include the 1. Combined leakage of all tested segments is not to exceed 5 percent of design flow. The Fan
following: volumes noted on the mechanical drawing equipment schedule is to be considered the design flow.
Fans
1. Pressure differentials measured from corridor to stairway vestibules.
A. Fan performance to be performed and documented by a separate certified test and balance contractor.
2. Pressure differentials measured from stairway vestibule to enclosed stairways. Proof of certification and calibration certificates for all test equipment will be required for review prior to
testing.
B. Minimum pressure difference test criteria.
B. Fan test / observation and passing criteria are as follows:
1. The minimum pressure difference across a smoke barrier shall be 0.05-inch water column.
Test / Observation Passing Criteria
C. Maximum pressure difference test criteria. Fan nameplate data Meets specification
Location Per control diagrams
1. The maximum air pressure difference across a zone barrier shall be determined by required door- Fan rotation Correct direction
opening forces. Motor voltage Does not exceed nameplate
Motor amperage Does not exceed nameplate
2. The door shall swing to the fully open position when an opening force not to exceed 15 pounds is Motor RPM Does not exceed nameplate
applied to the latch side of exits in active smoke-control zones. Service Factor Does not exceed nameplate
Belt Proper number / type / tension / no unusual noise
D. Small passive zones adjacent to an active pressurization zone may not maintain a 0.05 inch water column Fan volume Meets specification
pressure difference if the door is of tight construction. These rooms may be individually evaluated with Fan total pressure Review with volume results
room leakage tests.
C. Fans to be confirmed to operate in accordance with the approved sequence of operation / control diagrams.
Door Fan Testing
D. Confirm the variable frequency drive (VFD) are secondary to the smoke-control system and are not
A. The Special Inspector of Record will witness a door fan testing to verify that passive barrier construction overridden by the Building Management System or VFD is completely bypassed during smoke control
does not exceed the maximum allowable leakage areas. The maximum allowable leakage area shall be the operation (if installed).
aggregated areas calculated using leakage are rations as noted in the rational analysis report.
E. Confirm motor control center switches to be secondary to smoke-control system output and is overridden by
B. Fan door test will be performed in few selected rooms containing passive barriers to verify compliance with smoke control.
maximum allowable leakage.
F. Confirm fan ON / OFF supervision as follows:

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix F 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page F-2
 1. Pressure differential switch: Confirm supervisory condition by turning fan OFF or ON to duplicate Firefighter’s Control Panel and Sequence Test
monitored positions.
A. Conduct testing of the manual system on the graphics panel.
2. Current sensing switch: Confirm supervisory condition by turning fan OFF or ON to duplicate
monitored positions. When Fan “ON” is a monitored position, the “OFF” position should also be B. Confirm that the portion of the smoke-control system functions in accordance with the switch position
tested under a no load condition (all fan belts off). tested (i.e., on, off, automatic, etc.)

G. Motors driving fan shall have a minimum service factor of 1.15. C. Confirm fans running or not running depending on switch position selected.

Active Smoke Control Dampers D. Confirm dampers open or closed depending on switch position selected.

A. Smoke dampers will be confirmed that they cycle open and closed. E. Confirm smoke graphic panel switches have priority over all other control actions.

B. Individual dampers may be picked and individually confirmed in order to confirm proper position is F. Document fan, door and damper conditions on test sheets.
annunciated at the control panel.
G. Tests to be conducted in an automatic alarm condition to confirm override priority status and in a manual,
C. Damper and end limit switches will be tested to confirm annunciation at the smoke graphic panel. Tests non-alarm condition.
include loss of power and individually picking dampers to the position in a sequence of operation test.
Acceptance Test
D. Check dampers for proper position per scenario and verify special pass / fail criteria in the approved rational
analysis report and smoke-control diagrams. A. Conduct an all systems pre-test of the smoke-control system.

Electrical B. Confirm scenarios all work in accordance with the smoke-control report.

A. Conduct shunt trip of building to shut off main power and activate emergency power. Initial test will be C. Confirm system functions under emergency power.
under normal power with smoke-control system activated.
Response Time
B. Confirm all smoke-control fans are on emergency power.
A. Smoke-control system activation will be initiated immediately after receipt of an appropriate automatic or
C. Confirm dampers that need to be open under automatic or manual operation are on emergency power. manual activation command. Smoke-control systems will activate individual components (such as
dampers and fans) in the sequence necessary to prevent physical damage to the fans, dampers, ducts
and other equipment. The total response time for individual components to achieve their desired
D. Confirm fire alarm and building management systems are on emergency and uninterruptible power
operating mode will not exceed the following:
sources for volatile memory if equipped.

E. Confirm emergency power transfers and all smoke-control equipment is operating within 60 seconds of Control air isolation valves Immediately
shunt. Smoke damper closing 15 seconds
Smoke damper opening 15 seconds maximum
F. Second test will include initiation of an alarm under emergency power conditions.
Fan starting (energizing) 15 seconds maximum
Initiation Devices Fan stopping (de-energizing) Immediately
Fan volume modulation 30 seconds maximum
A. Confirm all initiating devices activate smoke-control in accordance with the approved smoke-control report Pressure control modulation 15 seconds maximum
and the control diagrams.
Temperature control safety override Immediately
B. Test each type of initiating device to confirm that smoke-control is activated. Positive indication of status 15 seconds maximum

C. Verify all equipment is operating in accordance with the smoke-control report and control diagrams. All Systems Test

D. Verify proper indication on smoke graphics panel. A. Conduct an all systems test with the AHJ. The Special Inspector of Record will be present at the all
systems test by the AHJ.
E. Confirm all smoke-control equipment activates in accordance with the required response time.
B. Confirm scenarios function as written.
F. Document detectors function according to above on the smoke detector test sheet or utilize a device
printout to show list of detectors tested if available from the fire alarm system. C. Confirm system functions under emergency power.

Exhibit 1 - Smoke Control System Rational Analysis Report – Appendix F 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Zones Ph 4, S09 Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Makkah, Saudi Arabia Page F-3
Page Left Intentionally Blank 
Exhibit 2 – Carpark Smoke Exhaust
CFD Report
Jabal Omar Development Project

Zone S9 (Phase IV)

Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia

9 March 2015

Aon FPE No. 2814037-000

Submitted by:
Aon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation
Al Reem Tower, Al Maktoum Street, Suite 501 | Dubai, UAE
t +9714.228.2841 |f +9714.228.2965
www.aonfpe.com

Prepared for:
Jabal Omar Development Company
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Emergency ventilation/Unsteady state Fire simulation 1
2. Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis 1
2.1. Introduction 1
2.2. Processes involved in CFD 1
2.3. Governing Equations 2
2.3.1. Conservation of mass 2
2.3.2. Conservation of species 2
2.3.3. Momentum equation 2
2.3.4. Conservation of energy 2
2.4. Turbulence Modelling 3
2.4.1. LES Turbulence Model 3
2.4.2. Modeling Large Eddy Simulation Parameters 3
3. Fuel Load and Design Fires 3
4. Fire Mode Simulation 5
4.1. Design Criteria for Smoke (Fire) simulations 5
4.1.1. Simulation Parameters 5
5. Fire Simulation CFD Results 6
6. Conclusions 16

Appendix
Appendix A – Basement Level 1 A-1
Appendix B – Basement Level 3 B-1
Appendix C – Fans Schedule and C&E Matrix C-1

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9 (Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page i

1. Introduction
This report (Exhibit 2) provides an engineering analysis of the car park smoke removal system using a special
software tools complying with GCC and international standards. For an overall smoke control strategy for the
entire Phase 4 project, please refer to the Fire Safety Strategy Report, Chapter 9, Smoke Control System.
Specifically, the carpark smoke removal strategy is outlined in Section 9.9, Parking Garage Ventilation (Carpark)
of that report.
The Zone S9 consists of three hotel towers which are on top of a 9-level podium, including the below grade levels.
The uses within the towers are primarily hotel guestrooms, while the podium contains mixed use functions. The
podium contains multiple uses on the various levels, including commercial (retail), both public and back-of-the-
house areas of the hotel; parking, and some residential.
The podium contains 9 stories of multiple use commercial retail, restaurants, hotel front and back of the house
functions, offices, assembly spaces, parking areas, and residential units. The lowest three levels contain car
parking area. Level 4 is the Road B access to the hotel lobbies. Level 5 to 8 includes restaurants, lounges and
commercial area.
The garage levels in the podium of Zone S9 are below grade. The general uses of the podium, starting at the
lowest level, are as follow:.
Level (+304.6) “First Basement” = Storage (Parking)
Level (+307.8) “Second Basement” = Storage (Parking), Retail, Business (offices)
Level (+311.0) “Third Basement ” = Storage (Parking), Business (offices).
Level (+316.0) “Ground Floor” = Hotel Lobby, Restaurant and Retail
Level (+320.65) “Commercial 1” = Retail, Assembly (Restaurants)
Level (+325.02) “Commercial 2” = Retail, Assembly (Restaurants)
Level (+329.45) “Commercial 3” = Retail, Assembly (Restaurants)
Level (+333.65) “Commercial 4” = Commercial Retail
The design of the smoke removal system is intended to clear the of smoke during the fire and after the fire
has been suppressed. The smoke removal will assist in checking for secondary seats of fire, as well as
returning the building at its normal use. The design team has opted to use mechanical cross ventilation using
jet fans
The objective of this report is to validate the design of the jet fan ventilation system and to verify the effectiveness
of jet fans and mechanical exhaust system in case of car fire using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis.
There are three parking levels in S9, as noted above. For additional details refer to the fire strategy drawings and
fire strategy report.
The CDF models and the report that follows have assumed the following naming nomenclature:
Basement Level 1 (Elevation +304.6)
Basement Level 2 (Elevation +307.8)
Basement Level 3 (Elevation +311.0)
The Jet fan ventilation system is designed for the car parking for providing ventilation for car park area in normal
operating conditions as well emergency operating conditions. Basement 2 was selected as the worst case
location. Nevertheless, basement 1 level has been analyzed and is detailed in the Appendix A of this report.
Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9 (Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report)
Jabal Omar Development
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
Basement 3 will have the same results output because it is similar to basement 2, however Appendix B will show
fans details and distribution.
1.1. Emergency ventilation/Unsteady state Fire simulation
Fire safety in underground car parking is important, as accidental fires can be dangerous. When a fire breaks out
in a car park, a large amount of smoke is generated at high temperature leading to poor visibility and difficulty in
evacuation. In most cases, the victims are poisoned or starved of oxygen by the smoke. In addition, the smoke
also causes most of the damage to the vehicles. In the event of a fire, the first priority is to expel the smoke from
the car parking and the installed ventilation system must work efficiently. This shall ensure the quick and safe
evacuation of people from the car park and also provide smoke free area for fire fighters to control the fire.
The specific aim of the emergency ventilation study is to check whether it meets the temperature & visibility
tenability criteria in case of accidental fire inside the car park area, and also to check that the given location and
numbers of Jet fans are sufficient to push the hot smoke towards exhaust fans, without blocking the escaping
routes in the car parking area.
2. Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis
2.1. Introduction
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can simultaneously predict airflow, heat transfer and contaminant transport in
and around buildings. A CFD model is built upon fundamental physical equations of fluid flow and energy transfer.
The technique is capable of providing time dependent and as well as steady state solutions to the coupled
differential equations that govern fluid flows. Its key benefits are; an ability to represent the effects of very complex
geometries coupled with a means to solve complex flow problems based on a more fundamental modeling of the
physics involved. It has since been developed and applied to an increasingly diverse range of problems, including
automotive, aerospace, nuclear engineering, turbo machinery, biomedical field, buildings, environment and fire
safety engineering.
However, a number of assumptions and approximations are made throughout: both in formulating and
constructing a CFD tool, as well as in its application to a particular flow problem. Also, compromises are often
required in order to achieve reasonable run-times. These all ultimately influence the reliance which can be placed
on results of CFD simulations. This section explains the basics of CFD as applied in fire safety engineering and
presents the compromises that a CFD user often has to make. More information can be found in general books on
CFD, for instance Ferziger and Peric (1996), Veersteg and Malalasekera (1995), Anderson (1995).
CFD Simulation of fire spreading & smoke propagation inside a basement involves modeling of heat generation
by fire, effects of buoyancy due to temperature, smoke species concentrations, velocity and pressure variations
caused by exhaust, fresh air and Jet fans in operation. CFD analysis provides a detailed picture of the smoke path
inside the basement and different parameters like smoke concentrations, smoke temperatures, visibility levels and
velocity profiles at different times and different positions inside the basement. This is difficult to obtain by
experiments, because experiments can be time consuming, costly and sometimes fire and smoke related
experiments inside the underground basements can be dangerous as well.
2.2. Processes involved in CFD
When applying a CFD package to undertake a flow and thermal analysis, there are number of steps that involved
for completing the CFD process.
9 March 2015
Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Page 1
 Defining the geometry and domain
 Selecting physical sub-models
 Specifying boundary conditions at the frontiers of the domains including walls, inlets, openings, supply fans,
exhaust fans, Jet fans, fire location and burning material properties.
 Discretizing the mathematical equations, which includes creating a mesh (which sub-divides the space into
small volumes), setting time steps (which divides the time into discrete steps) and selecting numerical sub-
models
the terms for the inflow or outflow of species from the control volume due to diffusion and the production rate of
particular species within the control volume caused by chemical reaction.
2.3.3. Momentum equation
The equation for the conservation of momentum is derived by applying Newton’s second law of motion, which
states that the rate of momentum of a fluid element is equal to the sum of the forces acting on it (Cox 1995). The
equation is written as:

 Monitoring the iterative solution process

 u 
 Analyzing the solution obtained
   u.  u   p  .   g  f (3.3)
 t 
 Uncertainties that may arise at each of these steps are highlighted
Here the left hand side represents the increase in momentum and inertia forces, while the right hand side
 Visualize the obtained solution comprises forces acting on it. These forces include pressure p, gravity g, an external force vector f (which
represents the drag associated with sprinkler droplets that penetrate the control volume) and a measure of the
2.3. Governing Equations viscous stress tensor τ acting on the fluid within the control volume. Among these forces, gravity is the most
important because it represents the influence of buoyancy on the flow.
Governing equations (Navier-stokes equations) are important in any fluid flow problems. Governing equations are
two types compressible and incompressible. In this project, simulations are carried out using general purpose 2.3.4. Conservation of energy
CFD code Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). To build a mathematical representation of a “Jabal Omar Phase4, (S9)
Carpark" and numerically solve the 3-d Navier-stokes equations over a discretized flow field based on the finite The equation for conservation of energy is the first law of thermodynamics which states that increase in energy of
difference method, FDS CFD software was used. Incompressible N-S equations were used for simulating the fire the control volume is equal to the heat added minus the work done by expansion. The conservation of energy is in
& smoke behavior in the basement. N-S Equations; conservation of mass, momentum equation, energy equation the form of:
and species transport equations are described below.
   
2.3.1. Conservation of mass    E   .(v (  E  p))   .  keff T   h j J j  ( eff .v )   Sh (3.4)
 t   j 
The general conservation of mass equation states that the rate of mass storage within a given control volume, due
to density changes, is balanced by the net rate of inflow of mass by convection. In the case of a steady flow
k J
Where eff is the effective thermal conductivity and j is the diffusion flux of species ’j’. The first three terms on
situation, the conservation of mass equation states that what flows-in must flow-out (Cox 1995). The equation is the right-hand side of above equation represent energy transfer due to conduction, species diffusion and viscous
written as: Sh
dissipation respectively, includes the heat of chemical reaction and any other defined volumetric heat
 sources.
 .u  0 (3.1)
t In above equation where

p v2
Where the first term describes the density changes with time and the second term defines the mass convection. E  h 
Where ‘u’ is the vector describing the velocity in the u, v and w directions.
 2
Where sensible enthalpy ‘h’ is defined for ideal gases as

2.3.2. Conservation of species h  Y j h j

j
In the presence of a vector u, the conservation of mass fraction ‘Y’ of a chemical species ‘i’ is given by: And for incompressible flow as
p
h  Yj hj 
 
 Yi   .Yiu  . DiYi  mi (3.2) j

t T
Y j Is the mass fraction of species j and h j 
Tref
c pj dT
Where the first term on the left side represents the accumulation of species due to change in density with time, the
second term is the inflow and outflow of species from the control volume due to convection. The right side gives

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 2
2.4. Turbulence Modelling 3. Fuel Load and Design Fires
Turbulence is the state of fluid motion which is characterized by apparently random and chaotic three-dimensional
vorticity. The most important physical consequence of turbulence is the enhancement of transport processes. In a The most influential factors for determining the heat release rate of a design fire are the type and quantity of the
turbulent flow, momentum, energy, and particle transport rates greatly exceed the corresponding molecular expected commodity. The heat content of the material, the burning rate, the exposed surface area, and how the
transport rates. Turbulent flows exhibit much more small-scale structure than their non-turbulent counterparts. commodity reacts to the application of water determine the protection requirements. The overall hazard of a
When turbulence is present, it usually dominates all other flow phenomena and results in increased energy commodity is a function of its heat release rate (expressed in kW), which is the product of its heat of combustion
dissipation, mixing, heat transfer, and drag. If there is no three-dimensional vorticity, there is no real turbulence. (expressed in kJ/kg) and burning rate (expressed in kg/sec).
The reason is ability to generate new vorticity from old vorticity that is essential to turbulence. And only in a three-
dimensional flow is the necessary stretching and turning of vorticity by the flow itself possible. An idealized fire model that is of considerable use is the t-squared fire. The heat release rate of this fire is
proportional to the square of time. This idealized heat release rate is expressed as:
Several scientists proposed their own definition to turbulence, in 1975, Hinze proposed the turbulence definition as
“Turbulent fluid motion is an irregular condition of flow in which the various quantities show a random variation (1)
Q = αt2
with time and space coordinates”.
Where: Q = heat release rate of fire (kW)
In 1937, Taylor and VonKermen proposed the following definition of turbulence: "Turbulence is an irregular motion α = fire intensity coefficient (kW/s2)
which in general makes its appearance in fluids, gaseous or liquid, when they flow past solid surfaces or even t = growth time (seconds)
when neighboring streams of the same fluid flow past or over one another." It is characterized by the presence of
a large range of excited length and time scales. The irregular nature of turbulence stands in contrast to laminar The growth time, t, is the interval between the time of effective ignition and the time when the heat release rate of
motion, because the fluid was imagined to flow in smooth layers. Virtually all flows of practical engineering interest the fire reaches 1,055 kW. For a medium growth fire, the fire growth rate follows the t-squared fire curve and
are turbulent. Turbulent flows always occur when the Reynolds number is large.
reaches 1,055 kW in 300 seconds(1).

2.4.1. LES Turbulence Model

In this FDS CFD software, turbulence is treated by means of the Smagorinsky form of Large Eddy Simulation
(LES). LES is a technique used to model the dissipative processes (viscosity, thermal conductivity, material
diffusivity) that occur at length scales smaller than those that are explicitly resolved on the numerical grid. This
means that the parameters μ, k and D in the equations above cannot be used directly in most practical
simulations. They must be replaced by surrogate expressions that “model” their impact on the approximate form of
the governing equations.

2.4.2. Modeling Large Eddy Simulation Parameters

As in other turbulence models, the turbulent eddy viscosity (μ) is computed from following equation:

Where Cs is an empirical constant & Δ is a length on the order of the size of a grid cell .

And other diffusive parameters, the thermal conductivity and material diffusivity are computed with following
equations:

2
Figure1. Fire Growth Rate Model (t )

1
In above equations the turbulent Prandtl number ‘Prt’ and the turbulent Schmidt number ‘Sct’ are constant values. th
Richard W. Bukowski., “Fire Hazard Analysis”, NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 19 ed., A. E. Cote (Ed), National Fire Protection
Association, Quincy, MA, 2003, Vol. 1, pp. 3-107.

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 3
This “medium” growth design fire is selected to present a worst-case scenario, which will reach 4MW at 585 Sprinklers spacing : 3 meters (Ordinary hazard group I)
second and will remain constant for the duration of the simulation. Figure 1 illustrates typical t-squared medium
growth fire curve. Sprinklers temperature rating : 79 degrees

Response time index (RTI) : 80

Ceiling height : 3.2 meters

Fire size considered medium growth rate.

Based on the above criteria, sprinklers activate at 3.78 minutes at a heat release rate of 601 KW. A conservative
design would typically assume a sprinkler-controlled scenario. A conservative sprinkler-controlled fire curve, which
remains steady state at 1MW is illustrated in Figure 4.

2
Figure 2. Medium Growth Rate Curve (t )

The selection of a 4MW medium growth fire was based on full scale test data available for passenger vehicles.
Figure 3 shows a vehicle fire where the heat release rate peaks at 4MW and decays2). This decay is not cause by
sprinkler activation but due to fuel burnout. Figure 4. 1-MW Fire Medium Fire Growth Rate Curve

Rather than using the effectiveness of sprinkler-controlled fires, Aon FPE developed a conservative fire growth
curve that follows the full scale test data referenced in Figure 3, but it did not include a decay period. The design
fire reaches 4MW fire at 10 minutes and remains constant for the duration of the simulation (Refer to Figure 5).
This conservative design fire represents the worst-case scenario which was modeled to determine the effectives
of the jet fans system. In reality, the automatic sprinklers are assumed to control or even extinguished the fire.
Thus, the results of the fire simulations are extremely conservative.

2
Figure 3. Medium Growth Rate Curve (t )

The carpark areas will be provided with sprinkler system. The cooling effect of the sprinklers will control or even
extinguished the fire. To determine the fire growth prior to activation of sprinklers, the following calculations were
made using FPE tool software developed by NIST:

2
Shipp, M. and Spearpoint, M. (1995). “Measurements of the severity of fires Involving Private Motor Vehicles” Fire and Figure 5. 4 MW Fire Medium Growth Rate (Design Fire)
Materials, Vol.19, pp. 143-151.

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 4
 The BS 7346-7, Section 4.2 indicates that where the objective is to achieve clearance by horizontal cross flow
4. Fire Mode Simulation through the car park story one of the following may be used:

Simulation of smoke propagation inside a car park involves modeling heat generation by fire, effects of buoyancy  Natural cross ventilation specified as permanent openings in accordance with clause 7.
due to temperature and smoke species concentrations and the velocity and pressure variations caused by
mechanical ventilation system in operation. CFD analysis provides a detailed picture of the smoke path inside the  Mechanical cross ventilation achieved using conventional ventilation in accordance with clause 8.
car park and different parameters like smoke concentrations, smoke temperatures and velocity profiles at different  Mechanical cross ventilation using jet fans in accordance with clause 9.
times and different positions inside the building. This is difficult to obtain by experiments, because experiments
can be time consuming, costly and sometimes fire and smoke related experiments inside the buildings can be
The design team has opted to use mechanical cross ventilation using jet fans. A computer model has been
dangerous as well.
provided to verify that the proposed exhaust fan locations, location of makeup air fans, and the number of jet fans
meet the design intent.
In this analysis fire is modeled as combustion of polyurethane material in the car fire with a heat release rate of 4
MW medium t2 curve with convective & radiation effects. The fire simulation is carried out based on the below fire
curve with peak heat release rate of 4 MW with steady state beginning from 10 minutes which represents the 4.1.1. Simulation Parameters
worst case scenario. Refer to Graph (1). The fire source is represented as a rectangle block of length 4 m, width 2
m and height 1.25m situated in the car park area. During fire simulation, all the ventilation system runs in high The following tables summarize the modeling parameters:
speed and the Jet fans will activate after 2.5 minutes of delay. The delay is provided to allow occupants to exit the
area prior to turning the jet fans to high speed. Without a delay for occupant evacuation, occupants could be Table 1(Fire Details)
exposed to smoke and hot gases as they exit the carpark. Parameter Quantity
Fire size 4MW Car Fire
4.1. Design Criteria for Smoke (Fire) simulations Time to reach 4 MW fire as per medium fire
10 minutes
growth rate
Based on discussions with Civil Defense, the Approved Document BS7346-2006 edition and Approved Document
F-2010 edition of the British Building Regulations have been used to provide specific design guidelines for Total duration of fire 20 minutes duration
ventilation of car parks. The Approved Document B, Section 11.6 requires basement car parks and enclosed car Fire location As shown in the fig. 1(a)
parks be provided with mechanical ventilation. The mechanical ventilation must comply with the following:
Fire Material Polyurethane material in car
 The system will be independent of any other ventilation system (other than any system providing normal Heat of Combustion of Petrol 28 KJ/g (Source: NFPA Handbook)
ventilation to car park). The ventilation system must be designed to operate at 10 air changes per hour during
fire condition as referenced in Approved Document BS7346-2006. Smoke yield of Petrol 0.104 (Source: NFPA Handbook)

 Each part of the system will have independent power supply which will operate in the event of failure of the
main power supply. Table 2
 Exhaust fans should be rated to run at 300οC for a minimum of 120 minutes and the ductwork and fixings Parameter Quantity
must be constructed from materials having a melting point not less than 800οC. Further information on the hot
No. of Exhaust Air Openings for Fire Point 4
smoke removing equipment is referenced in BS EN 12101-3.
No. of Supply Air Openings for Fire Point 3
The BS 7346-7, Section 4.1 outlines three design objectives:
Positions of Exhaust & Supply Openings As shown in Fig. 1 (a) & 1(b)
 Clearance of smoke during the fire and after the fire has been suppressed, smoke removal to assist in
No. of Jet fans working for Fire Point 10
checking for secondary seats of fire, as well as returning the building at its normal use.
Location of Jet fans As shown in Fig. 1 (a) & 1 (b)
 Creating and maintain a smoke-free route through the car park open space on the fire’s story for firefighters to
approach the car on fire, with the intention of facilitating manual fire suppression. Mode of Supply Air Inlet Natural & Mechanical

 Protection of escape routes for occupants within the same story as the car on fire, to reserve a smoke-free Mode of Exhaust Air Outlet Mechanical
path to either the exterior of the building, or to a protected stairwell which leads to a final exit to a place of Mode of Exhaust Air Outlet
safety. Mechanical

The design team has opted to select the first option: Clearance of smoke during the fire and after the fire has
been suppressed, smoke removal to assist in checking for secondary seats of fire, as well as returning
the building at its normal use.

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 5
 Table 3(a) 1) Following figures shows the geometric details, location of fire
Exhaust Air Opening Specifications source
Name Volume Flow Rate in CMS
Supply-1
Exhaust Air Louver Opening-1 7.14 Exhaust Air Fan opening (Red Object)
Exhaust Air Louver Opening-2 7.14
Exhaust Air Louver Opening-3 15.02 Supply-2

Exhaust Air Louver Opening-4 6.4

Table 3(b) Supply-3

Supply Air Opening Specifications

Name Volume Flow Rate in CMS (each opening)
Supply Air Louver Opening - 1 5.85
Supply Air Louver Opening - 2 15.02 Fire Location Jet Fans (Green &Red Objects)
Supply Air Louver Opening - 3 5.85

Table 3(c) Exhaust 1 Supply Air Fan & Ramp Openings (Green Object)
Jet fan Specifications
No. of Jet fans Volume Flow Rate in CMS
Type of Jet fan working for fire Fig. 1(a): Location of Jet Fans, Exhaust Air, Supply Air, Ramp openings & Fire location of “Jabal Omar
point Low speed High speed Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”
31JT - 3LP-UBD- TB 10 0.6 1.2 Exhaust 4
Exhaust 3

5. Fire Simulation CFD Results Exhaust 2

The geometry of the car park and the results of the fire simulation for Basement 2 and basement 3 (basement 2 &
3 are identical) are summarized in the figures below.

Fig. 1(b): Location of Jet Fans, Exhaust Air, Supply Air, Ramp openings & Fire location in 3D view of
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 6
 2) Following figures shows the smoke generated from burning Car
inside the basement at different timings

Fig.2 (c) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at 3 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”
Fig.2 (a) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at starting of fire in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fig.2 (b) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at 1.5minutes of time in Fig.2 (d) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at 5 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)” “Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 7
 Fig.2 (e) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at 10 minute time in Fig.2 (f) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at 20 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)” “Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

3) Following figures shows the Velocity contours of the air in the car
park area.

Fig.2 (g) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at 15 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fig.3 (a) Contours of velocity contour at 1.8m height in

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 8
 “Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)” Fig.4 (a) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at starting of fire in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fig.4 (b) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 1.5 minutes time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”
Fig.3 (b) Contours of velocity contour at jet fan height in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

4) Following figures show the Temperatures generated from burning

Car inside the basement in different vertical planes & at different
timings

Fig.4 (c) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 3 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 9
 “Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fig.4 (f) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 15 minute time in

Fig.4 (d) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 5 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fig.4(g) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 20 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”
Fig.84(e) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 10 minute time in

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 10
 5) Following figures shows the Temperatures generated from burning
Car inside the basement in horizontal plane at 1.8 m height & at
different timings

Fig.5(c) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 3 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fig.5 (a) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at starting of fire in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fig.5 (d) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 5 minute time in

Fig.5 (b) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 1.5 minute time in “Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 11
 Fig.5 (g) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 20 minute time in
Fig.5 (e) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 10 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

6) Following figures shows the Visibility levels in (meters) in different

vertical planes & at different timings

Fig.5(f) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 15 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”
Fig.6 (a) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at starting of fire in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 12
 Fig.6 (d) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 5 minute time in
Fig.6 (b) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 1.5 minute time in “Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fig.6 (c) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 3 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)” Fig.6 (e) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 10 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 13
 8) Following figures show the Visibility levels in (meters) in horizontal
plane at 1.8 m height & at different timings

Fig.6 (f) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 15 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”
Fig.7 (a) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at starting of fire in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fig.6 (g) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 20 minute time in Fig.7 (b) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 1.5 minute time in
7) “Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)” “Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 14
 Fig.7 (c) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 3 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)” Fig.7 (e) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 10 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fig.7(d) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 5 minute time in

Fig.7 (f) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 15 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 15
 Fig.7 (g) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 20 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-2)”

6. Conclusions
The design objective for the Carpark smoke removal is to clear the smoke during the fire and after the fire has
been suppressed. A supplemental objective is to remove smoke to assist in checking for secondary seats of fire,
as well as returning the building at its normal use.

The fire simulation of the basement has been simulated for 20 minutes of duration with CFD; this work is carried
out to examine the proposed Jet fan ventilation system for given peak heat release rate (Convection + Radiation)
of 4 MW fire. The following conclusion can be reached after simulating the three basements levels:

 The smoke is cleared within the fire area zone using the exhaust fans strategically located in the Carpark. The
remote civil defense access points (stairs) are maintained clear of smoke to allow Civil Defense access to
fight the fire.
 The temperatures are less than 60 0C in the areas away from the fire, which give access to Civil Defense to
fight the fire (at all stairs access).
 Visibility is maintained in the areas away from the fire (at least at one stair access), which give access to Civil
Defense to fight the fire.
 The effectiveness of automatic sprinkler system was not accounted in the simulations. In reality, the sprinkler
system is assumed to control the fire, which will reduce the smoke production significantly.
Based on the results of the fire model, the jet fan system meets the intent of the code. The smoke removal of the
carpark areas will be detailed by the general contractor for integration with the building fire alarm.

Aon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, Zone S9(Exhibit 2 – Carpark CDF Report) 9 March 2015
Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page 16
Appendix A – Basement Level 1 Mode of Exhaust Air Outlet Mechanical

Table 3(a)
Exhaust Air Opening Specifications
Name Volume Flow Rate in CMS
Exhaust Air Louver Opening 25

Table 3(b)

Supply Air Opening Specifications

Name Volume Flow Rate in CMS
Jabal Omar Phase 4 (S9) Car park
Supply Air Louver Opening - 1 20
Basement-1 Supply Air Louver Opening - 2 3.3

Table 3(c)

Jet fan Specifications

Table 1(Fire Details)
Parameter Quantity Type of Jet fan Volume Flow Rate in CMS

Fire size 4MW Car Fire 35JT – 2SP-UBD- ISL 1.9

Time to reach 4 MW fire as per medium fire
10 minutes
growth rate
Total duration of fire 20 minutes duration
Fire location As shown in the fig. 1(a) & 1(b)
Fire Material Polyurethane material in car
Heat of Combustion of Petrol 28 KJ/g (Source: NFPA Handbook)
Smoke yield of Petrol 0.104 (Source: NFPA Handbook)

Table 2

Parameter Quantity
No. of Exhaust Air Openings for Fire Point 1
No. of Supply Air Openings for Fire Point 1
Positions of Exhaust & Supply Openings As shown in Fig. 1 (a) & 1 (b)
No. of Jet fans working for Fire Point 6
Location of Jet fans As shown in Fig. 1 (a) & 1 (b)
Mode of Supply Air Inlet Natural & Mechanical

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page A-1
Fire Simulation CFD Results: (2) Following figures shows the smoke generated from burning Car
inside the basement at different timings
(1) Following figures shows the geometric details, location of fire
source
Exhaust Air Fan opening (Red Object) Jet Fans (Blue &Red Objects)

Fire Location
Exhaust

Supply Air Fan & Ramp Openings (Green Object) Fig.2 (a) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at starting of fire in
“Jabal Omar Phase-1, Car park (level-1)”
Fig. 1(a): Location of Jet Fans, Exhaust Air, Supply Air, Ramp openings & Fire location in plan view of
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Supply 2

Supply 1

Fig.2 (b) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at 1.5minutes of time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”
Fig. 1(b): Location of Jet Fans, Exhaust Air, Supply Air, Ramp openings & Fire location in 3D view of
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page A-2
 Fig.2 (c) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at 3 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)” Fig.2 (e) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at 10 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fig.2 (g) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at 15 minute time in

Fig.2 (d) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at 5 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page A-3
 Fig.3 (b) Contours of velocity contour at jet fan height in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fig.2 (f) Contours of smoke from burning vehicle at 20 minute time in (4) Following figures show the Temperatures generated from burning
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)” Car inside the basement in different vertical planes & at different
timings
(3) Following figures shows the Velocity contours of the air in the car
park area.

Fig.4 (a) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at starting of fire in

Fig.3 (a) Contours of velocity contour at 1.8m height in “Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page A-4
 Fig.4 (b) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 1.5 minutes time in
Fig.4 (d) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 5 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fig.84(e) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 10 minute time in

Fig.4 (c) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 3 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page A-5
 (5) Following figures shows the Temperatures generated from burning
Car inside the basement in horizontal plane at 1.8 m height & at
different timings

Fig.4 (f) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 15 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-1)” Fig.5 (a) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at starting of fire in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fig.5 (b) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 1.5 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fig.4(g) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 20 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4-S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page A-6
 Fig.5(c) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 3 minute time in
Fig.5 (e) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 10 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fig.5 (d) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 5 minute time in

Fig.5(f) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 15 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page A-7
 Fig.5 (g) Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 20 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”
Fig.6 (b) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 1.5 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”
(6) Following figures shows the Visibility levels in (meters) in different
vertical planes & at different timings

Fig.6 (c) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 3 minute time in

Fig.6 (a) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at starting of fire in “Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page A-8
 Fig.6 (d) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 5 minute time in Fig.6 (f) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 15 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)” “Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fig.6 (g) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 20 minute time in

Fig.6 (e) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 10 minute time in “Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page A-9
 (7) Following figures show the Visibility levels in (meters) in horizontal
plane at 1.8 m height & at different timings

Fig.7 (c) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 3 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fig.7 (a) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at starting of fire in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fig.7(d) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 5 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fig.7 (b) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 1.5 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page A-10
 Fig.7 (g) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 20 minute time in
Fig.7 (e) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 10 minute time in
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”
“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fig.7 (f) Contours of visibility levels in (meters) at 15 minute time in

“Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-1)”

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page A-11
Appendix B – Basement Level 3

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page B-1
Jabal Omar Phase 4 (S9) Car park
Basement-3
Table 1 Supply 1

Supply 2
Parameter Quantity
No. of Exhaust Air Openings for Fire Point 1
No. of Supply Air Openings for Fire Point 1
Supply 3
Positions of Exhaust & Supply Openings As shown in Fig. 1 (a) & 1 (b)
No. of Jet fans working for Fire Point 10
Location of Jet fans As shown in Fig. 1 (a) & 1 (b)
Jet Fan
Mode of Supply Air Inlet Natural & Mechanical
Mode of Exhaust Air Outlet Mechanical

Table 2(a)
Exhaust Air Opening Specifications
Exhaust 1
Name Volume Flow Rate in CMS
Exhaust Air Louver Opening-1 7.57
Exhaust Air Louver Opening-2 7.57
Exhaust 4
Exhaust Air Louver Opening-3 15.02
Exhaust Air Louver Opening-4 7.5

Exhaust 3
Table 2(b)
Supply Air Opening Specifications
Name Volume Flow Rate in CMS (each opening)
Exhaust 2
Supply Air Louver Opening - 1 6.68
Supply Air Louver Opening - 2 15.02
Supply Air Louver Opening - 3 6.68

Table 2(c)

Jet fan Specifications

No. of Jet fans Volume Flow Rate in CMS Fig. 1(a) & (b): Location of Jet Fans, Exhaust Air, Supply Air, Ramp openings & Fire location in 3D view of
Type of Jet fan working for fire “Jabal Omar Phase-4- S9, Car park (level-3)”
point Low speed High speed
Note: for Basement 3 results please refer to basement 2 since they are identical.
31JT - 3LP-UBD- TB 10 0.6 1.2

Fire Strategy – Phase 4 – S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix A, Basement Level 1) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page B-2
Appendix C – Fans Schedule and C&E Matrix

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix C) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page C-1
 Fan Design Air
Item Fan Reference Number Fan Rating Quantity Remarks
location flow (m3/s)
Fans capacity modeled ware based on the flow noted in the IFC fan schedule.
1 35JT – 2SP-UBD- ISL B1 300 deg/ 2 hrs 1.8/0.9 6 Design/installation of different fan capacities will require approval.
Fans capacity modeled ware based on the flow noted in the IFC fan schedule.
2 31JT - 3LP-UBD- TB B2 300 deg/ 2 hrs 1.8/0.9 10 Design/installation of different fan capacities will require approval.
Fans capacity modeled ware based on the flow noted in the IFC fan schedule.
3 31JT - 3LP-UBD- TB B3 300 deg/ 2 hrs 1.8/0.9 10 Design/installation of different fan capacities will require approval.
4 EF-P09-C4-01 P2 300 deg/ 2 hrs 41.02 1 Serving All Parking Floors
5 EF-P09-C1-01 C1 300 deg/ 2 hrs 35.73 1 Serving All Parking Floors
6 SF-P09-B1-01 B1 Fresh air 28.55 1 Serving All Parking Floors
7 SF-P09-GR-01 GR Fresh air 32.8 1 Serving All Parking Floors

Motorized Smoke Dampers at Parking 1- open

Motorized Smoke Dampers at Parking 2- open

Motorized Smoke Dampers at Parking 3- open

Exhaust fresh air fan at CO Ventilation mode
Supply fresh air fan at CO Ventilation mode

Exhaust fresh air fan at emergency mode

Motorized Smoke Dampers at Parking 1-

Motorized Smoke Dampers at Parking 2-

Motorized Smoke Dampers at Parking 3-

Supply fresh air fan at emergency mode
Parking 1 Jet Fans at 100%

Parking 2 Jet Fans at 100%

Parking 3 Jet Fans at 100%

Parking 2 Jet Fans at 50%
Parking 1 Jet Fans at 50%

Parking 3 Jet Fans at 50%

System Output
SMOKE CONTROL CAUSE EFFECT MATRIX

Closed

Closed

Closed
PHASE 1-S2
Car Park Floors

System Input
1 Normal Ventilation condition X X X X X X X X

2 Parking 1 Water flow switch X X X X X X

3 Parking 2 Water flow switch X X X X X X

4 Parking 3 Water flow switch X X X X X X

Note:
Motorized smoke dampers mention in table above shall be located at the Supply and exhaust fans at each parking Level for air control purposes.

Fire Strategy – Phase 4, S9 (Exhibit 2 – Appendix C) 9 March 2015

Jabal Omar Development Aon FPE No. 2814037-000
Mekkah, Saudi Arabia Page C-2