5.1.0 Test 1 Questions

SEMM 3023 Applied Numerical Methods
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
Question 1 [30 marks]

Part 1
Answer the following questions briefly.
a. If a function is real and continuous in the region from a to b and f(a) and f(b) have opposite
signs, then there is no real root between a and b. True or False?
[CLO1 | 2 marks]
b. Explain convergence and divergence in case of Newton-Raphson method.

[CLO1 | 3 marks]
c. The rate of convergence for Secant method, when it converges, is better than the Newton-
Raphson method. True or False? Briefly describe your answer.
[CLO1| 3 marks]
Part 2
Figure 1 A piping system
The internal flow of the piping system is important for constructing fluid mechanism. To calculate the
elevation difference between two reservoirs, the Colebrook equation can be used. The Colebrook
equation is used to find the Darcy friction factor of the pipe. However, the friction factor of the
Colebrook equation cannot be extracted analytically. Hence, a numerical analysis is performed to find
the Darcy friction factor from Colebrook equation.
Based on Colebrook equation, the relation of friction factor, f is given as,
1   2.51 
− = 2.0  log10  +
 3.7D Re f 
(1)
f  
Where f is the Darcy friction factor, ε/D is the relative roughness of inner pipe surface and Re is the
Reynolds number,
VD
Re = (2)

Additionally, head loss equation (Pa), p is given as,
L V 2
p = f (3)
2D
Page 1 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
When the water is set at 10 °C, the value of density,  and dynamic viscosity, μ, of water determined
from the properties table are 999.7 kg/m3 and 1.307x10-3 kg/ms, respectively. Cast iron is used as the
material with a roughness, , of 0.26 mm.
a. Develop a new modelling equation in the form of g ( f ) = 0 that can be used to determine the
friction factor of the pipe at a flow rate, v of 1.5 m/s and pipe diameter of 12 cm.
[CLO2 | 4 marks]
b. Use an appropriate method to determine f using the modelling equation developed in part
(a). Compute your calculation to three iterations. Note that based on Moody Chart, the Darcy
friction factor is within the range of 0.008 to 0.08.
[CLO2 | 10 marks]
c. From Moody chart, the true value of friction factor is equal to 0.026. Please comment on your
result in part (b) in terms of their relative error.
[CLO4 | 6 marks]
d. Determine p for 0.25 m long horizontal stretch smooth drawn tubing.

[CLO2 | 2 marks]
Page 2 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021

Part 1
a. The function on which we use the bisection method is not necessary to be continuous on the
interval we choose. True or False?
[CLO1 | 2 marks]
b. Explain convergence and divergence in case of Newton-Raphson method.

[CLO1 | 3 marks]
[CLO1| 3 marks]
Part 2
A flow of water between two reservoirs is to be maintained at v = 1.7 m/s. The two reservoirs are
connected by a steel pipe that is 0.15 m diameter with a pump in the middle. The configuration is
shown in Figure 1. To calculate the elevation difference between two reservoirs, the Colebrook
equation can be used. The Colebrook equation is used to find the Darcy friction factor of the pipe.
However, the friction factor of the Colebrook equation cannot be extracted analytically. Hence, a
numerical analysis is performed to find the Darcy friction factor from Colebrook equation.
For turbulent flow, the Colebrook equation provides a means to calculate the friction factor,
1   2.51 
− = 2.0  log10  +
 3.7D Re f 
(1)
f  
where f is the Darcy friction factor,  = surface roughness (m), ε/D is the relative roughness of inner
pipe surface and Re is the Reynolds number,
VD
Re = (2)

where μ = dynamic viscosity (N.s/m2). Additionally, head loss equation (Pa), p is given as,
L V 2
p = f (3)
2D
Page 1 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
friction factor of the pipe. Given  = 0.25 mm, μ = 1.301 x 10-3 N.s/m2, and  = 998.8 kg/m3.
[CLO2 | 4 marks]
[CLO2 | 10 marks]
[CLO4 | 6 marks]

[CLO2 | 2 marks]
Page 2 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021

Part 1
a. Explain convergence and divergence in case of Newton-Raphson method.

[CLO1 | 3 marks]
b. The function on which we use the bisection method is not necessary to be continuous on the
[CLO1 | 2 marks]
[CLO1| 3 marks]
Part 2
The total energy loss in a pipe system is the sum of the major and minor losses. Major losses are
associated with frictional energy loss that is caused by the viscous effects of the fluid and roughness
of the pipe wall. Major losses create a pressure drop along the pipe since the pressure must work to
overcome the frictional resistance.
The Darcy-Weisbach equation is the most widely accepted formula for determining the energy loss in
pipe flow. In this equation, the friction factor, f, a dimensionless quantity, is used to describe the
friction loss in a pipe. In engineering, the friction factor can be extracted by using Moody’s chart or
Colebrook equation.
1   2.51 
− = 2.0  log10  +
 3.7D Re f 
(1)
f  
VD
Re = (2)

where μ = dynamic viscosity (N.s/m2).
Page 1 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
L V 2
p = f (3)
2D
As shown in Figure 1, a piping system moves water (10 °C) from a large, open, ground level reservoir
to a large open tank at v = 1.6 m/s. The piping system consists of 0.5 m of commercial steel pipe win
an inner diameter of 13 cm.
[CLO2 | 4 marks]
[CLO2 | 10 marks]
[CLO4 | 6 marks]

[CLO2 | 2 marks]
Page 2 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021

Part 1

[CLO1 | 3 marks]
b. The rate of convergence for Secant method, when it converges, is better than the Newton-
[CLO1| 3 marks]
c. If a function is real and continuous in the region from a to b and f(a) and f(b) have opposite
[CLO1| 2 marks]
Part 2
Determining fluid flow through pipes and tubes has great relevance in many areas of engineering and
science. Figure 1 shows a piping system for a liquid-air separation process. A flow of air inside the
pipe is to be maintained at V = 40 ms-1. The components are connected by a steel pipe that is 0.5 cm
in the diameter.
The resistance to flow in such conduits is parameterized by a dimensionless number called the friction
factor, f. Here, the Colebrook equation is used to find the Darcy friction factor of the pipe. However,
the friction factor of the Colebrook equation cannot be extracted analytically. Hence, a numerical
analysis is performed to find the Darcy friction factor from Colebrook equation.
1   2.51 
− = 2.0  log10  +
 3.7D Re f 
(1)
f  
Page 1 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
VD
Re = (2)

L V 2
p = f (3)
2D
[CLO2 | 4 marks]
[CLO2 | 10 marks]
[CLO4 | 6 marks]

[CLO2 | 2 marks]
Page 2 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021

Part 1

[CLO1 | 3 marks]
b. The function on which we use the bisection method is not necessary to be continuous on the
[CLO1| 2 marks]
c. The rate of convergence of Secant method, when it converges, is better than the Newton
[CLO1| 3 marks]
Part 2
Determining fluid flow through pipes and tubes has great relevance in many areas of engineering and
science. In mechanical and aerospace engineering, typical applications include the flow of liquids and
gases through cooling systems as shown in Figure 1.
factor, f. For turbulent flow, the Colebrook equation provides a means to calculate the friction factor,
1   2.51 
− = 2.0  log10  +
 3.7D Re f 
(1)
f  
VD
Re = (2)

L V 2
p = f (3)
2D
Page 1 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
friction factor of the pipe at a flow rate, v = 38 m/s and pipe diameter, D = 12 mm.
[CLO2 | 4 marks]
b. In the present problem, determine f for air flow through a smooth, thin tube. For this case,
the parameters are  = 1.22 kg/m3, μ = 1.81 x 10-5 N.s/m2, and  = 0.00014 m. Compute your
calculation to three iterations. Note that based on Moody Chart, the Darcy friction factor is
within the range of 0.008 to 0.08.
[CLO2 | 10 marks]
[CLO4 | 6 marks]

[CLO2 | 2 marks]
Page 2 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021

Part 1

[CLO1 | 3 marks]
b. If a function is real and continuous in the region from a to b and f(a) and f(b) have opposite
[CLO1| 2 marks]
c. The rate of convergence of Secant method, when it converges, is better than the Newton
[CLO1| 3 marks]
Part 2
In determining flow rates to distribute a fluid through a network of pipes, is essential to estimate
losses in kinetic energy that the flow experiences due to head loss. To do that, it is necessary to
calculate the friction factor, f . The friction factor relates to pressure drop and fluid viscous effects.
factor, f. For turbulent flow, the Colebrook equation provides a means to calculate the friction factor,
1   2.51 
− = 2.0  log10  +
 3.7D Re f 
(1)
f  
VD
Re = (2)

L V 2
p = f (3)
2D
Page 1 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
friction factor of the pipe at a flow rate, v = 45 m/s and pipe diameter, D = 13 mm.
[CLO2 | 4 marks]
b. In the present problem, determine f for air flow through a smooth, thin tube. For this case,
the parameters are  = 1.19 kg/m3, μ = 1.78 x 10-5 N.s/m2, and  = 0.00013 m. Compute your
calculation to three iterations. Note that based on Moody Chart, the Darcy friction factor is
within the range of 0.008 to 0.08.
[CLO2 | 10 marks]
[CLO4 | 6 marks]

[CLO2 | 2 marks]
Page 2 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
As the name implies, indoor air pollution deals with air contamination in enclosed spaces such as
homes, offices, work areas, etc. Suppose that you are designing a ventilation system for a restaurant
as shown in Figure 1. The restaurant serving area consists of two square rooms and one elongated
room. Room 1 and room 3 have sources of carbon monoxide from smokers and a faulty grill,
respectively. In Figure 1, the one-way arrows represent volumetric airflows, whereas the two-way
arrows represent diffusive mixing. The smoker and grill loads add carbon monoxide mass to the system
but negligible airflow.
Figure 1 Overhead view of rooms in a restaurant
a. Write down the steady-state mass balance for each room. (Please remember to include the
forced air overflow contributions: Qa flows into Room 1 from source, Qa flows from Room 1
to Room 3, Qa flows from Room 3 to Room 4, (Qa - Qd) flows from Room 4 to Room 2.)
[CLO1 | 4 marks]
b. Based on the governing equations in part (a), prove that the augmented matrix is,
 225 0 −25 0 3400 

 0 150 0 −100 100 
 (1)
 −225 0 275 −50 2000 
 
 0 0 250 −250 0
[CLO1 | 6 marks]
c. Explain the difference between Gauss Elimination and Gauss Jordan Elimination Method
Hence, choose the one which requires making the matrix upper triangular and solve the
problem given in part (b). Please note that you have to show and explain all details involved
in the calculation.
[CLO2 | 15 marks]
Page 1 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
d. If the diffusive mixing between Room 1 and 3 is eliminated, rewrite the steady-state mass
balance equation for room 1. How does the concentration in Room 1 will change in such case?
(Calculate the percentage of change).
[CLO4 | 3 marks]
e. Is the same problem in part (b) likely to converge when using the Gauss-Seidel method? Justify
your answer.
[CLO4 | 2 marks]
Page 2 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
[CLO1 | 4 marks]
 225 −25 0 0 1400

 −25 175 0 −100 100
 (1)
 −200 0 250 −50 2000
 
 0 0 250 −250 0
[CLO1 | 6 marks]
c. Solve the problem given in part (b) by using the method which requires making the matrix
upper triangular. Please note that you have to show and explain all details involved in the
calculation.
[CLO2 | 15 marks]
Page 1 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
[CLO4 | 3 marks]
your answer.
[CLO4 | 2 marks]
Page 2 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
[CLO1 | 4 marks]
 225 −25 0 0 4400 

 −25 200 0 −125 100
 (1)
 −200 0 200 0 2000
 
 0 25 200 −225 0
[CLO1 | 6 marks]
calculation.
[CLO2 | 15 marks]
Page 1 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
[CLO4 | 3 marks]
your answer.
[CLO4 | 2 marks]
Page 2 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
[CLO1 | 4 marks]
 325 0 −25 0 2600 

 0 150 0 −200 100 
 (1)
 −325 0 375 −50 1000 
 
 0 0 350 −350 0
[CLO1 | 6 marks]
c. Explain the difference between Gauss Elimination and Gauss Jordan Elimination Method.
Hence, choose the one which requires making the matrix upper triangular and solve the
problem given in part (b). Please note that you have to show and explain all details involved
in the calculation.
[CLO2 | 15 marks]
Page 1 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
[CLO4 | 3 marks]
your answer.
[CLO4 | 2 marks]
Page 2 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
[CLO1 | 4 marks]
 335 −35 0 0 3600

 −35 185 0 −100 200
 (1)
 −300 0 355 −55 2000
 
 0 0 355 −355 0
[CLO1 | 6 marks]
calculation.
[CLO2 | 15 marks]
Page 1 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
[CLO4 | 3 marks]
your answer.
[CLO4 | 2 marks]
Page 2 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
[CLO1 | 4 marks]
 245 −45 0 0 3900

 −45 220 0 −125 140
 (1)
 −200 0 200 0 1500
 
 0 25 200 −225 0
[CLO1 | 6 marks]
calculation.
[CLO2 | 15 marks]
Page 1 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
[CLO4 | 3 marks]
your answer.
[CLO4 | 2 marks]
Page 2 of 2
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
Figure 1 illustrates a two-degree of freedom vibrational system in which two masses with frictionless
rollers are attached to three springs while two of the spring are attached to a fixed wall on the left.
Both masses undergo displacement from their equilibrium positions; x1 and x2 which are equivalent to
A1 sin(ωt) and A2 sin(ωt), respectively.
Figure 1 Two mass–three spring system
a. With the help of free body diagrams, prove that the equations of motion for both masses in
matrix form for this case starting from  F = ma , can be expressed as
  2k k  
 m −  1 0    A1  0 
 −  
 1 m1
 k   =  (1)
2k  0 1    A2  0 
 − 
  m2 m2  
where k is the spring constant, m is the mass, λ = ω2 and A is the amplitude.

[CLO1 | 10 marks]
b. If k = 300 N/m, m1 = 15 kg, m2 = 10 kg, estimate the largest eigenvalue and its corresponding
eigenvectors up to four iterations using A0 = [1 1]T as initial guesses. Please explain in detail
the steps to numerically solve for the largest eigenvalue. Also, discuss the results in terms of
vibration period and amplitude. Take ω = 2π/T.
[CLO2 | 15 marks]
c. Starting from equation (1), determine the characteristic equation for this system in terms of
k, m1 and m2.
[CLO1 | 5 marks]
d. Determine all eigenvalues based on equation derived in part (c) using the same parameters
mentioned in part (b).
[CLO2 | 5 marks]
e. Compare the answers in part (b) against that of part (d). Can the initial guesses be other than
A0 = [1 1]T in finding the largest eigenvalue? Explain your answer.
[CLO4 | 5 marks]
Page 1 of 1
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
rollers are attached to three springs while two of the spring are attached to a fixed wall on the right.
  2k k  
 m −  1 0    A1  0 
 −  
 1 m1
 k   =  (1)
2k  0 1    A2  0 
 − 
  m2 m2  

[CLO1 | 10 marks]
b. If k = 280 N/m, m1 = 14 kg, m2 = 10 kg, estimate the largest eigenvalue and its corresponding
[CLO2 | 15 marks]
k, m1 and m2.
[CLO1 | 5 marks]
[CLO2 | 5 marks]
[CLO4 | 5 marks]
Page 1 of 1
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
  3k 2k  
 m −
m   1 0    A1  0 
 −    =   (1)
  − 2k 4k  0 1    A2  0 
  m m  

[CLO1 | 10 marks]
b. If k = 280 N/m, and m = 20 kg, estimate the largest eigenvalue and its corresponding
[CLO2 | 15 marks]
k, and m.
[CLO1 | 5 marks]
[CLO2 | 5 marks]
[CLO4 | 5 marks]
Page 1 of 1
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
  3k k 
 m −
m  1 0    A1  0 
 −    =   (1)
 − k 2k  0 1    A2  0 
  m m  

[CLO1 | 10 marks]
[CLO2 | 15 marks]
k, and m.
[CLO1 | 5 marks]
[CLO2 | 5 marks]
[CLO4 | 5 marks]
Page 1 of 1
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
 k k  
 m −
2m  1 0    A1  0 
 −    =   (1)
 − k 2k  0 1    A2  0 
  m m  

[CLO1 | 10 marks]
[CLO2 | 15 marks]
k, and m.
[CLO1 | 5 marks]
[CLO2 | 5 marks]
[CLO4 | 5 marks]
Page 1 of 1
Test 1 2021/2022 -1
27 November 2021
 k k  
 m −    A1  0 
3m  1 0 
 −    =   (1)
 − k 2k  0 1    A2  0 
  m m  

[CLO1 | 10 marks]
[CLO2 | 15 marks]
k, and m.
[CLO1 | 5 marks]
[CLO2 | 5 marks]
[CLO4 | 5 marks]
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SEMM 3023 Applied Numerical Methods

Question 1 [30 marks]

b. Explain convergence and divergence in case of Newton-Raphson method.

Figure 1 A piping system

Additionally, head loss equation (Pa), p is given as,

d. Determine p for 0.25 m long horizontal stretch smooth drawn tubing.

Question 1 [30 marks]

b. Explain convergence and divergence in case of Newton-Raphson method.

Figure 1 A piping system

d. Determine p for 0.25 m long horizontal stretch smooth drawn tubing.

Question 1 [30 marks]

a. Explain convergence and divergence in case of Newton-Raphson method.

Figure 1 A piping system

where μ = dynamic viscosity (N.s/m2).

Additionally, head loss equation (Pa), p is given as,

d. Determine p for 0.25 m long horizontal stretch smooth drawn tubing.

Question 1 [30 marks]

a. Explain convergence and divergence in case of Newton-Raphson method.

Figure 1 A piping system

where μ = dynamic viscosity (N.s/m2).

Additionally, head loss equation (Pa), p is given as,

d. Determine p for 0.25 m long horizontal stretch smooth drawn tubing.

Question 1 [30 marks]

a. Explain convergence and divergence in case of Newton-Raphson method.

Figure 1 A piping system

where μ = dynamic viscosity (N.s/m2).

Additionally, head loss equation (Pa), p is given as,

d. Determine p for 0.25 m long horizontal stretch smooth drawn tubing.

Question 1 [30 marks]

a. Explain convergence and divergence in case of Newton-Raphson method.

Figure 1 A piping system

where μ = dynamic viscosity (N.s/m2).

Additionally, head loss equation (Pa), p is given as,

d. Determine p for 0.25 m long horizontal stretch smooth drawn tubing.

Question 2 [30 marks]

Figure 1 Overhead view of rooms in a restaurant

 225 0 −25 0 3400 

Question 2 [30 marks]

Figure 1 Overhead view of rooms in a restaurant

 225 −25 0 0 1400

Question 2 [30 marks]

Figure 1 Overhead view of rooms in a restaurant

 225 −25 0 0 4400 

Question 2 [30 marks]

Figure 1 Overhead view of rooms in a restaurant

 325 0 −25 0 2600 

Question 2 [30 marks]

Figure 1 Overhead view of rooms in a restaurant

 335 −35 0 0 3600

Question 2 [30 marks]

Figure 1 Overhead view of rooms in a restaurant

 245 −45 0 0 3900

Question 3 [40 marks]

Figure 1 Two mass–three spring system

where k is the spring constant, m is the mass, λ = ω2 and A is the amplitude.

Question 3 [40 marks]

Figure 1 Two mass–three spring system

where k is the spring constant, m is the mass, λ = ω2 and A is the amplitude.

Question 3 [40 marks]

Figure 1 Two mass–three spring system

where k is the spring constant, m is the mass, λ = ω2 and A is the amplitude.

Question 3 [40 marks]

Figure 1 Two mass–three spring system

where k is the spring constant, m is the mass, λ = ω2 and A is the amplitude.