MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION SYSTEM:
COURSE OVERVIEW

PRM-42
Instructor : H K Misra/ K Anjaria
AGENDA Pedagogy
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 HOW TO PROCEED?
Text Book is the main source;
 Please keep your text book by your side when the session is in
progress.
Text Book supplied to you provides explanations to the topics and
it guides; do not forget to go through the reference books
Classes would focus on concepts
Cases drawn for the course aim to understand application of
concepts
CR of the batch will deal with common issues and administration of
course for each section they represent.
Ms. Hillary, AA will be the point of contact for the course related
activities/issues.

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HOW TO PROCEED?
Text Book is used progressively chapter wise
Shall use MIS Book – Laudon and Laudon….
The Reference Book
Follow the session plan as mentioned in TAU
material
TAU material has some additional readings,
cases and “Demo” instructions.
 Demo will be discussed in the class for reference and
appreciation of concept

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 EVALUATION

Four Quizzes: 30 Percent

No make up quizzes for absentees – no
requests please…..
Mid Term: 20 Percent (Closed Book)
End Term: 30 Percent (Open Book)
Group Tasks: 20 Percent
 Three in each group-maximum
Assignment-I: 10%
Assignment-II: 10%

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 Introduction
AGENDA
to MIS
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INTRODUCTION TO MIS COURSE
Pre-requisites
Computing skills will hasten the process of
understanding – but is not essential
Note of Caution
It is not a programming course
Many students may feel that they are aware of many
concepts being discussed / they are experienced and
thus the course is trivial in nature
 In this case please support the instructor in handling the class and
empathize with peers
 Lead the discussions
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COURSE ORGANIZATION
Segment-I
 Understand Organizations
 Business and Development Orientation
 Management and Controls
 What is so common in Business and Development
Organizations? – Systems’ viewpoints
Segment-II & III
 Systems Approach to Organizations, Systems Thinking
 Data Management Principles
 Concepts of Information Systems, Design and
Development; Systems Development Life Cycles
 MIS Architecture and Model

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COURSE ORGANIZATION
Segment- IV
 IT Infrastructure Planning
 Databases
 Networks
Segment - V
 Concepts of MIS
 MIS and Technology Barriers
 Forms of MIS: ERP, Expert Systems,
Decision Support Systems
 Architectural Principles and MIS

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 MIS IS INTERDISCIPLINARY
Shift in traditional thinking
 From ICT Focus to interdisciplinary
focus
 Includes issues related to
organization, management,
technology, and social dimensions
 Holistic views of organization

Disciplines involved in
contemporary MIS
 Computer Science
 OB / HR, Economics, Mathematics,
Statistics,
 Sociology, Psychology

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HOW MIS CAN BE DESCRIBED?
Multidisciplinary approach
in an Organization to
address decision
challenges at all levels
 Strategic
 Tactical
 Operational

Manage Information
 Gather, store, process and use
 Induce appropriate
technologies

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 MIS AND SYSTEMS APPROACH

MIS is largely supported by Systems Theory

Systems Theory argues in favour of
 Systems Thinking (Holistic)
 Do not miss the “Forest” for “Trees” (Holistic Approach)
 Relate to the environment
 Cause-Effect principles

Systems Theory has supported in emergence of

 ERP
 E-Commerce/ E-Business
 Web 4.0; Industry 4.0 and beyond
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 MIS DESIGN
MIS is organization specific
Organizations – they deal with
 People, Process and Technology
 Market

Organization’s need
 Systematic measurements (Internal Controls ….)
 Systemic interfaces with market for management of resources
(factors of production…) and to sustain in the market
 Products and services
 Innovations and Benchmarks

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 WHY STUDY MIS?
It deals with Information Systems
 Processes, operations, strategy
 Integration of computer systems with organization objectives

It helps in
 Providing Structured-ness in the organization (systematic)
 Dealing with Systemic Issues
 Identifying possible areas for IT intervention

It identifies “Barriers” in introducing IT (may not directly discuss IT management)

Barriers Barriers
Organization Information Information
Systems Technology

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HOW IS THE COURSE PLANNED?
Barriers Barriers
Organization Information Information
Systems Technology
Segment-I Segment-II & III Segment-IV
Chapters

1-3

Organization Information Systems Technology

Structure Infrastructure Infrastructure
Structure
Chapters
Chapters
4-8
12-14
Organization MIS Technology

Architecture Architecture Architecture

Chapters

9-11
Organization MIS Model IT Model

Model

35% 45% 20%

Segment V: MIS Plan (15-16)

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UNDERSTANDING BUSINESS
ORGANIZATIONS CHAPTER-1

(MIS PERSPECTIVE)
 UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATIONS FOR MIS
Organizations
 are Complex
 structures, market links,
financing etc..
 have Life Cycles
 do have human elements

Organizations evolve
out of
 Social factors
 Economic compulsions

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UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATIONS FOR MIS
Organizations
evolve out of collective advantages
Go beyond individuals
Sharing returns
Managing complex situations in groups
Assure protection of common
interests / objectives / goals
have advantages of domain expertise
Enhancement of productivity / quality
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 EVOLUTIONS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Sl.No. Classic Organization (Pre-1945AD) Post Modern Era (post 1945AD)
1. Centralized Decentralized
2. Hierarchical Inter-functional
3. Command and control Facilitating and empowered
4. Traditional system and process a) Technology mediation
b) Knowledge influenced systems
and processes
5. Factor of production centric Economy of complementarities and
post modernism
6. Localizing focus Globalization
7. Individualized economic focus Networks and socially embedded
8. Product orientation Market orientation
9. Mass production Mass customization
10. Process specific Innovation orientation

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SYSTEMIC VIEWS: POST MODERN ERA
In Post-Modern Era
More uncertain market
High entry barriers
There Is No Alternative “TINA”
 Adjustments to Organization Structure (functional, divisional,
matrix..)
 Fit between form of organization and performance
 CSR
 diversifications, acquisitions, mergers
 Induction of IT
 BPR / Supply Chains
 Value Additions
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 EXISTENCE OF ORGANIZATIONS
Society and Organizations - Co-existence is the IDEAL
situation
 They need groups
 They resolve conflicts
 They deal with individuals
Organizations harness
 Collective power
 Stakeholders / stock holders
 Manage economies of scale and integration

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 EXISTENCE OF ORGANIZATIONS
Organizational existence is
influenced by
 Motivation of individuals
 Futuristic visions
 Availability of resources
 Power to address uncertainties

Organization's existence is
a continuous phenomenon
and it needs
 dynamic capabilities
 to manage events quickly to Systems approach includes these attributes through
come to steady state Life Cycle Studies

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 LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT (LCM) IN ORGANIZATIONS

LCM
is an integrated framework covering
performance of goods and services towards
more sustainable forms of production and
consumption.
Comprises
analyses (analytical tools, checklists, methods and
techniques)
practice (policy, procedural tools)
proactive management of economic, social and
environmental performance
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 ORGANIZATIONAL EXISTENCE AND LIFE CYCLES
Stage of life Organizational Issues
Cycle
Inception Understanding the market
Providing Structure
Growth Resource Management, Control
over Cost, Margin and Market
Share
Maturity Formalization of Standard
Operating Procedures and
Deliverables; Benchmarking
Performance
Decline Market Behaviour, Adaptation to
internal and external pressure,
Liability of complacency
(Across all these stages, information management is unique in nature)
Information Strategies
Business Intelligence for
identification of products, services,
processes and measurements
Enterprise information and retrieval
Empowering individuals with
benchmarks on productivity,
customer and market orientation
Restructuring information
management principles to align with
market requirements and inception
phase begins
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MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL CONTINUITY

Continuity is influenced by life cycles of

Products
Processes
Organization structures
Systems
Information……

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 WHAT SHOULD BE DONE FOR ORGANIZATIONAL
CONTINUITY??

Manage Information
Market oriented decisions and process re-engineering
Benchmarks – sector specific
Employee motivation
Habit to learn from failures
I (information) = i(D, S, t)
i- interpretation
D- Data,
S-Pre-Knowledge --- this needs expertise…
t- time
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 INFORMATION BARRIERS FOR
ORGANIZATIONAL LIFE CYCLE(OLC)
Inception Growth Maturity Decline

Decision/ Information Barriers

•How to establish shared
vision among employees?
•How to manage influence of
regulating authority?
•How to identify market
drivers?
•How to establish standards
across organization
•How to maintain •How to build trust and
effective supply chain? transparency in the
•How to create and retain supply chain?
market leadership? •How to manage
•How to maintain competition?
information symmetry? •How to innovate?

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 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT (PLC)
Stage of PLC Organizational Issues
Development Make your product known
and establish a test period
Introduction Acquire a strong market
position
Growth Maintain your market
position and build on it
Maturity Defend market position from
competitors and improve
your product
Decline Product innovation and
improvement
Information Imperatives
Information sharing through web
technologies; Computer aided modelling,
design and engineering
E-Commerce, E-Cataloguing, E-
Business, Machine Learning
Click-n-Mortar Services, e-Supply Chain
(Lean)
Decision Support Systems for competitor
analyses on pricing and Market
Behaviour through data warehousing and
mining, Business Analytics
Customer interfaces through e-
commerce activities as explained in
stage-I. Processing of information
gathered through all the previous stages
for effective modelling and decision
making
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 INFORMATION BARRIERS FOR PLC
Development Introduction Growth Maturity Decline

Decision/ Information Barriers

•What to produce? • When to • Who should • How to maintain market

introduce? collaborate for supply share?
•What the product chain?
should deliver? •How much to •How to innovate for
produce? •How to build trust and
•For whom should it be transparency in the •Better quality of
produced? •What price supply chain? service?
should it have?
•Is there any •How to manage •Customer
competition? •How should it be competition? satisfaction?
produced?
•How to innovate? •Process
improvement?

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 PROCESS LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT
Process precedes information
Three Pillars of Organization
People
Process
Technology
Process is influenced by
People (ownerships)
Technology (improvements)
Process should not be a “black box”. It should work on standards,
mature to be transparent and measurable
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LIFE CYCLES OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Organizations build their own structure for
Role Clarity
Accountability
Decision Making
Mintzberg said that
 Managers are information processors
There needs to be standardization in information flow
Structural changes are due to external influencers and
internal competencies
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LIFE CYCLES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Systems in organization work on
General Systems Theory
 Reductionist Approach (Complex problems can be reduced to
smellers ones and relate each smaller ones to the whole.
 Argues in favour of Organic systems (Dynamic) instead of
Mechanistic systems (Formalized) More discussions in later
chapters
Cybernetics
 Feedback loop to attain steady state through corrective action
Systems Thinking
 Non-linearity in predictions
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 LIFE CYCLES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Systems Life Cycle is influenced by

Structural changes
Leadership changes
Technologies adopted to manage systems
Products used for systems
Services generated (outsourcing?)

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MANAGING STEADY STATE IN OLC

Steady State across all decision

points….
Budget and variances
 Cost
 Margin
 Volume / Turnover

Reference Points
Standards
Benchmarks
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FOR YOUR ATTENTION…………

Go through first TWO articles in

TAU titled
Difference between IS,CS,IT
 “Information Systems Engineering: What is
it?”

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