QUALITY AND

AFFORDABILITY VIS-À-VIS
TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION
EDUC 390: Legal Problems, Issues and Cases in Technology Education

MELVIN N. AMBIDA
09 October 2021
DISCUSSION POINTS

QUALITY EDUCATION
AFFORDABILITY OF QUALITY EDUCATION
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
INFOSTRUCTURE

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Objectives

By the end of this session you will be able to:

1. Explain the characteristics of quality education;
2. Discuss the impact of affordable education;
3. Determine how technology influences quality and affordable
education; and
4. Describe the trend in Philippine ICT relative to the quality and
affordability of education.

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Quality Education
Constitutional mandate

Article IV

Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to
quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make
such education accessible to all.

Section 2. The State shall:

(l) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and
integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people and
society…

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Spec sheet of quality education

▪ Outcomes-based
▪ 21st century knowledge and skills
▪ Philippine Qualifications Framework (PQF)
▪ ASEAN Qualifications Reference Framework (AQRF)
▪ Sustainable Development Goals (SDCs)

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Generic graduate attributes

▪ Deep discipline knowledge and intellectual breadth

▪ Creative, critical thinking, and problem solving
▪ Teamwork and communication skills
▪ Professionalism and leadership readiness
▪ Intercultural and ethical competency
▪ Digital capabilities
▪ Self-awareness and emotional intelligence

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Quality education in times of pandemic

Financial Broadband Sufficient

resources facilities training for
teachers

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Quality education in times of pandemic

Article XIV, Broadband Sufficient

Section 5 (5) of facilities training for
the 1987 teachers
Constitution

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Quality education in times of pandemic

Article XIV, Broadband Sufficient

Section 5 (5) of facilities training for
the 1987 teachers
Constitution

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Quality education in times of pandemic

Article XIV, National Sufficient

Section 5 (5) of Broadband Plan training for
the 1987 teachers
Constitution

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Quality education in times of pandemic

Article XIV, National Sufficient

Section 5 (5) of Broadband Plan training for
the 1987 teachers
Constitution

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Quality education in times of pandemic

Article XIV, National Continuing

Professional
Section 5 (5) of Broadband Plan Development (CPD)
the 1987
Philippine
Constitution Professional
Standards for
Teachers (PPST)

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Quality education in times of pandemic

Digital Assessment Universality

platforms methods

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Quality education in times of pandemic

Republic Act Assessment Universality

No. 10844 methods
(DICT Act)

Republic Act
No. 10173
(Data Privacy Act)

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Quality education in times of pandemic

Republic Act Assessment Universality

No. 10844 methods
(DICT Act)

Republic Act
No. 10173
(Data Privacy Act)

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Quality education in times of pandemic

Republic Act Republic Act Universality

No. 10844 No. 10372
(DICT Act)
(Expanded IP Law)

Republic Act
No. 10173
(Data Privacy Act)

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Quality education in times of pandemic

Republic Act Republic Act Universality

No. 10844 No. 10372
(DICT Act)
(Expanded IP Law)

Republic Act
No. 10173
(Data Privacy Act)

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Quality education in times of pandemic

Republic Act Republic Act Republic Act

No. 10844 No. 10372 No. 10931
(DICT Act) (K-12 Act)
(Expanded IP Law)
Republic Act
Republic Act
No. 10533
No. 10173 (Free Tertiary
(Data Privacy Act) Education)
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Quality education in times of pandemic

Republic Act Republic Act Republic Act

No. 10844 No. 10372 No. 7796
(DICT Act) (TESDA Act)
(Expanded IP Law)

Republic Act House Bill No.

No. 10173 208
(Data Privacy Act) (LLL Act)

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Affordability of Quality Education
Affordability and equity

This means ensuring that everyone has a fair chance to receive high-
quality learning aligned to the same baseline outcomes and providing
opportunities for demonstrating evidence of their learning success.

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Lowers a primary barrier to pursuing higher education

▪ Complexities of college applications

▪ Academic preparedness
▪ Financial investment

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Lowers the risk related to exploring areas of learning
interest

▪ Academic interests outside their original major or area of

emphasis
▪ Opportunity to explore and understand their interests
before beginning studies in their major area

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Lowers the cost of pursuing a four-year degree

▪ Certainty about their career pathway

▪ Higher likelihood of on-time degree completion
▪ Possible to complete an associate degree

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Increases retention rates for colleges and universities

▪ Students are likely to enjoy their studies and go the extra

mile to complete them

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Relevant laws and programs

▪ RA 10687 or Unified Student Financial Assistance System for Tertiary

Education (UniFAST) Act
▪ RA 10931 or Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act
▪ Senior High School Voucher Program (SHS VP)
▪ TESDA Open Programs (TOPs)

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Educational Resources
What resources shall be afforded?

TECHNOLOGY FACILITIES

ASSISTANCE TIME

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What resources shall be afforded?

TECHNOLOGY FACILITIES

ASSISTANCE TIME

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What resources shall be afforded?

TECHNOLOGY FACILITIES

ASSISTANCE TIME

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What resources shall be afforded?

TECHNOLOGY FACILITIES

ASSISTANCE TIME

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What resources shall be afforded?

TECHNOLOGY FACILITIES

ASSISTANCE TIME

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What resources shall be afforded?

TECHNOLOGY FACILITIES

ASSISTANCE TIME

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Technology

The development of new technologies, and especially learning management

systems, lecture capture, and social media, have radical implications for the
design of teaching and learning. The technologies available to a teacher can
contribute immensely to creating interactive and engaging learning
environments for students.

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Technology

▪ Instructional materials
▪ Mass media
▪ Social media
▪ Open Educational Resources (OER)
▪ Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)
▪ Learning Management System
▫ Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning
Environment (Moodle) 36
Facilities

This refers primarily to physical facilities available to an instructor and students,

such as classrooms, labs, and the library. These may provide constraints on the
teaching, because for example the physical set-up of a lecture hall or classroom
may limit opportunities for discussion or project work, or an instructor may be
forced to organize the teaching around three hours of lecturing and six hours
of labs per week, to ‘fit’ with broader institutional requirements for classroom
allocations.

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Assistance

Teaching assistance refers to adjunct or sessional instructors, teaching

assistants, librarians, and technical support staff, including instructional
designers, media producers and IT technical support. An institution may have
policies or guidelines about how many support staff an instructor can have for
a set number of students.

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Time

Building an effective learning environment is an iterative process, but in the

end, the teaching design, and to some extent the learning environment as a
whole, will be dependent on the time available from the teacher for teaching.

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Synchronous vs. Asynchronous

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Synchronous vs. Asynchronous

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Infostructure
Access

▪ The most basic step toward effective technology integration is widespread

access to equipment necessary to run educational computer programs.
▪ Regular and reliable access to internet. Routine access to hardware (i.e.,
laptops or tablets), software (e.g., reading and writing software, internet
browsers), and internet connection is a fundamental requirement.
▪ Schools must also be prepared with a network infrastructure that can
accommodate the additional number of devices and that is appropriately
secure.

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Access

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Access

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Access

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Access

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Access

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Philippine Infostructure

▪ Philippines is becoming one of the emerging tech regions in Asia

as strong public investments are expected to support the
country’s economic growth.
▪ Philippine Government recognizes the need for strengthening
efforts to widen the reach of ICT in the Philippines.
▪ P5.2 billion is allocated for the Department of Information and
Communications Technology (DICT) for 2020 to support its efforts
in rolling out interconnectivity and data security programs.

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Philippine Infostructure

▪ Of the overall budget, P1.1 billion will be used to install free Wi-Fi
in public places. Some P280 million will be used to fund free Wi-Fi
facilities in state universities and colleges while P196 million will
be for the National Broadband Plan.
▪ It is envisioned that around P295 million is needed on creating the
National Government Data Center (NGDC) which will serve as the
physical infrastructure that will interconnect government agencies
through centralized data centers, servers, and storage facilities.

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In a nutshell

While the pathway to education continues to evolve, the need for

continued education remains the same. The world our students
graduate into changes quickly, and the knowledge and skills they learn
will help them navigate those changes more easily. Providing
affordable options so students can not only access the courses they
need but also successfully complete their learning journey means
more people are ready to face the challenges of an increasingly fast-
moving world.

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 WEBSITE WITH AN AUTHOR

Joaquin, J., et al. (2020, October 22). The Philippine higher education sector in the time of
COVID-19. Frontiers in Education. Retrieved from
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2020.576371/full on October 2021.

References
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 WEBSITES WITHOUT AUTHORS

https://dict.gov.ph/construction-of-national-government-data-center-3/
https://dict.gov.ph/national-broadband-plan/
https://www.share-asean.eu/sites/default/files/2017-07-03-QF-study-final-for-SHARE-website.pdf
https://www.adelaide.edu.au/learning/resources-for-educators/graduate-attributes#attribute-1-
deep-discipline-knowledge-and-intellectual-breadth
https://www.tel-education.org/the-impact-of-affordability/

References
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RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

Thank you!

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