FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

The fundamental duties which were added by the 42nd Amendment Act of the Constitution in
1976, in addition to creating and promoting culture, also strengthen the hands of the legislature
in enforcing these duties vis-a-vis the fundamental rights.

The fundamental duties are taken from the USSR (Russia) constitution. The addition of
fundamental duties in our constitution have brought our constitution aligned with the Article
29(1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and with various provisions of the modern
constitution of other countries.

SWARAN SINGH COMMITTEE IN (1976) recommended Fundamental Duties to be added

in the constitution.

Swaran Singh’s Committee recommended more than 10 Fundamental Duties, however, not all
were included in the Constitution. Those duties recommended by the committee which were not
accepted were:

1. Citizens to be penalized/punished by the parliament for any non-compliance with or

refusal to observe any of the duties.
2. The punishments/penalties decided by the Parliament shall not be called in question in
any court on the ground of infringement of any of Fundamental Rights or on the ground
of repugnancy to any other provision of the Constitution.
3. Duty to pay taxes.

The list of 11 Fundamental Duties under article 51-A to be obeyed by every Indian citizen is
given in the table below:

a) Abide by the Indian Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag
and the National Anthem.
b) Cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom.
c) Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
d) Defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
 e) Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India
transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce
practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
f) Value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture.
g) Protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife
and to have compassion for living creatures.
h) Develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
i) Safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
j) Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the
nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
k) Provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and
fourteen years. This duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act,
2002.

OBJECTIVES OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

1. They remind Indian Citizens of their duty towards their society, fellow citizens and
the nation.
2. They warn citizens against anti-national and anti-social activities.
3. They inspire citizens & promote a sense of discipline and commitment among them.
4. They help the courts in examining and determining the constitutional validity of a
law.

JUSTICE VERMA COMMITTEE REPORT:

Justice Verma Committee was constituted in 1998 to plan a strategy and to work out
for a methodology for operationalizing a programme initiated countrywide for the purpose of
teaching fundamental duties and make it enforceable in every educational institution and to
initiate as in-servicing training.

1. There are enough legal provisions and committee had provided with these provisions:
2. The prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 has already been
implemented stipulating that no citizen can disrespect the National flag, Constitution
of India and the National anthem which are enshrined in the first clause of the Article
51A.
3. There are various criminal laws which are enacted to provide punishment to people
encouraging enmity between different sections of people on the grounds of race,
religion, language, place of birth and so on.
4. To provide punishment for the offence related to caste and religion, The Protection of
Civil Rights Act (1955) was enacted.
5. There are various sections in the Indian Penal Code that declare the imputation and
assertions which are prejudicial to nation’s integrity and unity and are punishable
offences.The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act of 1967 was enacted to prevent a
communal organisation to be declared as an unlawful association.
6. For the disqualification of Members of Parliament or state legislatures that have
indulged in corrupt practices such as soliciting votes in the name of religion or
promoting enmity between different sections of people on grounds of race, caste,
language, religion or any other ground, The Representation of People Act of 1951
was enacted.
7. The protection of wildlife and prohibition of trade in rare and endangered animals is
done by The Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972.To ensure the implementation of
Clause (g) of Article 51A, The Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980 was implemented
which provides for indiscriminate deforestation and diversion of forest land for non-
forest purpose.