Task 3 - Electromagnetic waves in guided media

Individual work format

EDUARD DUBIN GOMEZ

Group 203058_34
1007518180

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
2022 16-01
 Exercises development

Activity
Answers: (write with your own words)
1.
2.
3.
Application exercises:
For the development of the following exercises, note that ¿ corresponds to the
group number and CCC to the last 3 digits of the identification number.
1. A coaxial line has the following characteristics:
Geometric parameters: a=0.1 mm b=10 mm t=( ¿+10 ) μm=( 34+10 ) μm=44 μm
6
Conductor properties: (conductivity) σ c =4.3 x 10 Sm/m

Sm /m ϵ r =2.3 μr =1
−10
Properties of the insulator: σ d=1 x 10

Applied signal frequency: f =CCC KHz=180 KHz

a. Calculate the electrical parameters R L C G.
b. Using the distributed model, calculate the propagation parameters
α , β , γ ∧Z 0 .
c. Calculate the propagation velocity V p, the wavelength λ and the
attenuation α dB / Km.

Figure 1: Geometrical parameters in coaxial line.

Solution:

 First, we need to determine the penetration depth of the wave in the

conductor:
 1 1
δ p= =
√ πf σ c μc √ π∗180 x 10 Hz∗4.3 x 10 Sm/ m∗1.2566 x 10−6 T m/ A
3 6

−4
δ p=5.7207 x 10 m=572.07 μm

Parameters in a coaxial line:

Data:
a=0.1 mm=100 μm
b=10 mm
t=44 μm

We have that δ p >a ,indicates low frequency, so the parameters are

determined as:
 Resistance:

R=
(
1 1
+
1
π σ c a 2 bt
2 )
R=
1
6
∗
( 1
−4
+ −2
1
−4
π∗4.3 x 10 Sm/m 1 x 10 m 2∗1 x 10 m∗0.44 x 10 m )
Ω
R=7.486
m
 Parallel conductance G:
 2π σd
G=
ln () b
a
−10
2 π∗1 x 10 Sm/m −10 Sm
G= =1.364 x 10

( )
1 x 10 m
−2 m
ln −4
1 x 10 m

 Inductance L:

L=
μo
2π ( ( ))
1+ ln
b
a

L=
1.2566 x 10−6 T m/ A
2π
1+ ln
1 x 10−2 m
−4
1 x 10 m ( (
=1.121 x 10
−6 H
m ))
 Parallel capacitance C:

2πε
C=
ln
b
a ()
−12 2 2 −11 2 2
ε =ε r ε o=2.3∗8.8542 x 10 C / N m =2.04 x 10 C /N m

2 π∗2.3∗8.8542 x 10−12 C 2 /N m2 −11 F

C= =2.78 x 10
( )
−2
1 x 10 m m
ln
1 x 10−4 m

Point b calculations:
 Propagation constant:

γ= √ ( R+ jωL) (G+ jωC )

Angular frequency:

ω=2 πf =2 π∗180 x 10−3 Hz=113.09 x 104 rad /s

γ= (√ 7.486 Ωm + j∗113.09 x 10 rads ∗1.121 x 10 Hm )(1.364 x 10

4 −6 −10 Sm
m
+ j∗113.09 x 10 4
rad
s
∗2.78 x 10−11
F
m )
γ=0.00996+0.01179 j

 Attenuation constant:
Np
α =ℜ ( γ ) =0.00996
m
 Phase constant:
 rad
β=ℑ ( γ )=0.01179
m
 Intrinsic impedance of the line:

Z o=
√ R+ jωL
G+ jωC

√
Ω rad H
7.486 + j∗113.09 x 10 4 ∗1.121 x 10−6
m s m
Z o=
Sm rad F
1.364 x 10−10 + j∗113.09 x 104 ∗2.78 x 10−11
m s m
Z o=375.489−317.246 j Ω

For point c:
 Propagation velocity:

rad
113.09 x 10 4
ω s 7 m
V p= = =9.592 x 10
β rad s
0.01179
m
 Wavelength:

2π 2π
λ= = =532.914 m
β rad
0.01179
m
 Attenuation constant:

α dB =−8.68∗α
Km
( Npm )
Np
α dB =−8.68∗0.00996
m
m

dB
α dB =−0.0864
m
m
 7 m
Interpretation: V p=9.592 x 10 , is the value of speed with which the wave
s
travels into the line
λ=532.924 m is the wavelength produced for the applied signal frequency.
α dB / Km=−0.0864 dB/m represents the attenuation experienced by the voltage
and current into the line.

2. A Z o=75 Ω lossless transmission line has a Z L =35− j75 Ω. If it is ¿ m long and

the wavelength is CCC mm, Calculate:
a. Input impedance Z¿ .
b. Reflection coefficient Γ (magnitude and phase).
c. VSWR.

Figure 2: Graphic representation of the transmission line.

Solution:
 First, the input impedance:

L=34 m
λ=180 mm=0.180 m

Z =Z
¿
( λ )
2π
Z L + j Z o tan
L

Z + j Z tan (
λ )
o
2π
o L L

( 35− j 75 ) Ω+ j 75 Ω∗tan ( ∗34 m)

2π
0.180 m
Z =75 Ω
¿ =332.785−47.360 j Ω
75 Ω+ j ( 35− j 75 ) Ω∗tan ( ∗34 m)
2π
0.180 m

 Reflection coefficient:

Z L −Z o ( 35− j 75 ) Ω−75 Ω
Γ= = =0.0691− j 0.634
Z L +Z o (35− j 75 ) Ω+75 Ω

|Γ|=|0.0691− j 0.634|=0.638
arg ( Γ )=−83.785°

 VSWR:

VSWR=1+ ¿ Γ ∨ ¿ ¿
1+0.638
1−¿ Γ ∨¿= =4.531 ¿
1−0.638
 Interpretation: The input impedance is equal to Z¿ =332.785−47.360 j Ω and
is defined as the ratio of total voltage to total current.
The reflection coefficient has a value of Γ =0.0691− j0.634 and expresses the
amplitude of the reflected wave according to the initial wave.
The standing wave ratio is VSWR=4.531 and can be expressed as the ratio
of the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage into the line.
3. Bearing in mind that Smith's letter is used to determine parameters of the
transmission lines, use the "Smith 4.1" software to check the results
obtained in point 2.
a. Input impedance Z¿ .
b. Reflection coefficient Γ .
c. VSWR.

Application example

Example:

Video link

URL:

References

 Joines, W., Bernhard, J., & Palmer, W. (2012). Microwave

Transmission Line Circuits. Artech House, (pp. 23-68). 

 Gutiérrez, W. (2017). The Smith Chart

basics [Video]. http://hdl.handle.net/10596/13141