CHAPTER 14 : STATISTICS

Topics to be covered-
➢ Mean, median and mode of grouped data
➢ Mean by Direct Method and Assumed Mean Method only

Key Points and Concepts:

➔ The mean of the values 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 +............ + 𝑥𝑛 of the variable x is denoted by 𝑥 and
is given by
𝑥1+𝑥2+𝑥3+............+𝑥𝑛
𝑥= 𝑛

➔ The mean of grouped data can be found by the following methods:

(i) Direct method (ii) Assumed mean method

★ If the mean of the first n natural number is 15, then find n. [ CBSE Standard 2020 ]
★ Find the mean of the first ten odd natural numbers.

➔ The median is the middle value of a distribution

❖ Median of a distribution is the value of the observation which divides it into
two equal parts.
➔ Median of an ungrouped data can be found as :
❖ Arrange the data in ascending order.
𝑛+1
❖ If n (number of observations) is odd, then median = ( 2
)𝑡ℎ observation
1 𝑛 𝑛
❖ If n (number of observations) is even, then median = 2
[( 2 )𝑡ℎ + ( 2 + 1)𝑡ℎ]
➔ Median of grouped data can be found as :
𝑛
−𝑐𝑓
❖ Median = 𝑙 + [ 2
𝑓
]× ℎ
Where, l = lower limit of the median class
n = number of observations
f = frequency of the median class
h = size of the median class (assuming all class sizes to be equal)
 cf = cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class
★ The table below shows the salaries of 280 persons:

Salary (In thousand Rs) No. of Persons

5-10 49

10-15 133

15-20 63

20-25 15

25-30 6

30-35 7

35-40 2

40-45 4

45-50 1
Calculate the median salary of the data. [CBSE 2018]
★ The median of the following data is 16. Find the missing frequencies a and b, if the
total of the frequencies is 70. [CBSE Standard SP 2020-21]

Class 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40

Frequency 12 a 12 15 b 6 6 4

➔ The mode or modal value is that value of the variate which occurs most frequently.
➔ To find the mode of a grouped data, we proceed as follows:
❖ Obtain the grouped data.
❖ Locate the class having maximum frequency. This class is called modal class.
❖ Mode of a grouped data is given by the formula:
 𝑓 −𝑓
Mode = 𝑙 + ( 2𝑓 −𝑓
1 0
−𝑓
)×ℎ
1 0 2

Where, l = lower limit of the modal class

𝑓1 = frequency of the modal class
𝑓0= frequency of the class preceding the modal class
𝑓2 = frequency of the class succeeding the modal class
h = size of the modal class
★ Find the mode of the following data: [CBSE Standard 2020]

Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120 120-140

Frequen 6 8 10 2 6 5 3
cy

★ The mode of the following data is 67. Find the missing frequency x.
[CBSE Standard SP 2020-21]

Class 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90

Frequency 5 x 15 12 7

➔ Important formulae table

Mean 𝑥1+𝑥2+𝑥3+............+𝑥𝑛
𝑥= 𝑛

Median
𝑛
−𝑐𝑓
=𝑙 + [ 2
𝑓
]× ℎ

Mode = 𝑙 + ( 2𝑓 −𝑓
1 0
𝑓 −𝑓
)×ℎ
−𝑓
1 0 2

*** Evaluate your level of knowledge by solving this Quiz ***

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