WATER AND OSMOTIC - if animal cell is put in a hypertonic environment, it will

lose water but gain solute, the cell will shrink/be

REGULATION dehydrated
- important because animal cells in general, are not
protected by cell walls, are sensitive in increase and case. b) 1 is Extracellular Fluid which is hypotonic
decrease in osmotic pressure. if the water gets in too fast while 2 is the animal cells which is hypertonic
or if too much water gets in, it might burst. decrease in - solute will exit, water will enter
water can cause dehydration and death. - result to swelling and bursting
- classify organisms based on their ability to thrive in
different environments case. c) concentration of solute and solvent are equal
- called isotonic/isosmotic
 Osmotic conformers - organisms incapable of - no swelling nor shrinking through maintaining the
regulating their body's fluid concentration concentration of cytoplasm relatively to the
(marine invertebrates), they tend to conform w/ concentration of the solute in ECF
the environments’ osmotic balance/pressure
 Stenohaline - organisms with narrow range of
tolerance to salinity (can be marine or fresh
water organism but a slight change can be a risk
to their survival); they can be mostly found on
eco zones or estuaries
 Euryhaline - organisms with wide range of
tolerance to salinity (fluctuating changes in the
environment/salinity is still tolerable for these
organisms)

Hyperosmotic Regulations
- refers to fishes or living organisms living in a specific
aquatic environment Hypoosmotic Regulation
- body fluids less concentrated than the surrounding
(how can a freshwater fish regulate its body’s medium
salt/osmotic balance? the tendency is for the
environment to be less salty than the body, if that is the
case, thinking of diffusion, you know that the water will
keep on entering the cell, so that would result to swelling
or bursting of the cell if not controlled. overcoming that
challenge is the fish’s way of evolving.)

*diffusion – movement of material from an area of

greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

*tonicity – concentration of solute

1 (ratio of solute to solvent)
- 1 (with greater concentration of
solute but lesser concentration of
2 solvent) is called hypertonic
environment/solution
- 2 (with lesser concentration of
solute but higher concentration of solvent) is called
hypotonic environment

case. a) 1 is Extracellular Fluid (any fluid present in the

external environment of the cell) while 2 is the animal
cells
- through diffusion, the solute is more likely to enter the
cell but the solvent (greater concentration of water on the
animal cell) will move outward