RESEARCH TITLE:

ADVANTAGES OF USING GRASS PAPERS AS AN ALTERNATIVE

TO WOOD-PULP FIBER PAPERS TO THE GRADE 12
STUDENTS OF PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
A.Y 2021 TO 2022

SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT TITLE:

CAMINO MÁS VERDE: THE UTILIZATION OF POACEAE PULP
FIBERS AS AN ALTERNATIVE PAPER TO WOOD-PULP PAPERS
 QUESTION:
How efficient are the poaceae made papers in terms of Durability, Versatility and
Cost Efficiency compared to the normal wood-based papers?
 HYPOTHESIS:
The Grass papers will have a slight advantage over the normal wood-pulp papers
that we commonly use nowadays to the Grade 12 Students of Pamantasan ng
Cabuyao, if the grass paper will hold the same properties in terms of durability,
and versatility that a wood-pulp papers have, and can perform like normal papers.

BUSINESS PLAN TITLE:

PAPEL DE HIERBA VERDE: VENTURE TO THE FUTURE
Business Concept:

The paper and pulp are considered as one the largest industries in the world.
The paper and paper board worldwide is around 390 million tons and experts
suggest that it will reach 490 million tons by 2020. (Bajpai, 2014). This massive
production of wood papers and paperboards affects the environment significantly,
the irresponsible harvesting of wood from the forest threatens the species, and
ecosystem. The Union of Concerned Scientist (2016) points out that the 10% of the
total deforestation were accounts to the wood production including papers.
With the rise of ecological problem in the modern world, industries and
consumers are finding different ways for alternative things to help to decrease the
source of ecological problems that the world are facing currently. The
entrepreneurs of this projects aims to provide an alternative product that can be a
substitute for paper to lessen the environmental threat.
The entrepreneurs comes up with utilizing the grass abundancy to create
Grass Papers as an alternative substitute to the normal wood-papers. The products
aims to be an alternative material for different crafts and commercial use. The
marketability of the product won’t be a problem, as the grass papers are rare and
unique in the market as of now. People tends to buy and test things that are unique
to their eyes when it comes to design and crafts, that’s why the first target of the
product is to be an alternative for crafts and designs. In short, the entrepreneurs
targets the grass papers to be first marketed as envelopes, fragrant papers, paper
bags, and etc. Through this, the grass paper can be used by the people who loves to
create crafts and design. In this way, the product can be self-advertised as versatile
and durable as the original wood-pulp papers, this can attract more buyers and
investors for Papel de Hierba Verde and help to develop its reputation as one of the
viable alternative products for wood-pulp papers.
The profitability of the product is large, relatively speaking, the product can
be sold slightly expensive or slightly a bit lower than the normal papers as the
demand for new product are low at first, and the expenses of the materials to
produce the product is less expensive than normal wood-pulp paper. Paperl de
Hierba Verde uses significantly less materials, as it only requires common
materials that we can buy anywhere. No chemicals, no excessive use of water and
energy such as electricity; and most importantly no harmful effects to the
environment, as the main material for the product is just grass. This facts and
reasons makes the Papel de Hierba Verde a convenient product to make and
profitable for the entrepreneurs.

RESEARCH DISCIPLINE

Chemistry and Material Science are the foundations of this research. Under the
chemistry researcher must first understand the cellulose content of the grass pulp in
order for the paper to be durable. Material sciences are involved because, in order
to make grass paper, the researchers must first understand the qualities of the
materials that will be utilize in order to ensure that the success of the project.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This study is supported by the one of the theories under Critical Raw Materials entitled,
Finding Alternative to Critical Raw Materials (Mitchel & Joce, 2013). The theory states that
most of the industries relies on wide range of raw materials, both renewable and non-renewable.
This often impact the price of the product to extreme price volatility. Failure to find alternatives
for the critical raw materials could impact the ability for future renewable targets.
These chains of global supply problems are dramatically outweighing the supplies that
results to new criticalities. One of the most realistic solutions is a combination of course action
that includes recycling and substitution of original raw materials for production Therefore, the
opportunities for materials scientist to innovate and develop alternative materials that suit to the
market, which can result to sustainable economic growth. One of the obvious solutions is a direct
replacement of Critical Raw Materials through developing alternative materials, this approach
has already proved to be successful in a wide variety of range of Critical Raw Materials in
several aspects of the world which includes academic and business. This development of
alternative supplies should encourage to overcome the current and the future problem of
supplies. The innovation of substitute materials for a wide variety of materials could potentially
replace the major use of CRM.
Another study have anchored this research entitled as, The Use of Cogon Grass as an
Alternative for Paper Production (2020). The study states that Imperata Cylindrica or commonly
known as Cogon Grass, an invasive weed that grows commonly on Asian countries such as
Philippines and Japan. The smooth, long, abundant straight fibers of Cogon grass provides a
durability that could potentially be source of good fiber for paper production.
Cogon grass have the properties as an alternative material for producing papers, the
structure of its fibers and the kind of process proves its capability to be an alternative material for
paper production. The use of alternative materials as a substitute to produce a paper, such as
cogon grass, will significantly decrease the number of trees being cut down for the production of
paper. The production of paper using Cogon grass will not only help the environment,
specifically the forest, but will also give an opportunity for the farmers to produce another source
of income.
KNOWLEDGE GAP TO BE FILLED
One of the most used materials in the world for both commercial and handicraft use is
papers. Papers allows people to create different objects, arts, decoration, storing important files,
and etc. Making it one of the most versatile and flexible things that humans have ever made.
Majority of the papers are produced from wood pulps, because woods are known for having
longer fibers that is known for making the paper more durable.
One of the alternative raw materials for making papers is grass, grass pulp papers are
more cost efficient than the original materials for making papers. Grass papers are slightly less
durable than the wood pulp papers, but it can also be used for the same purpose as the wood pulp
papers. Grass papers are not only eco-friendly but also more cost-efficient source of materials for
handicraft and commercial used. For these reasons, the researchers decided to conduct this study
to determine the advantages of papers made from grass as an alternative substitute to the wood-
pulp papers to the grade 12 senior high school students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao.
This research aims to determine and fill in the knowledge gap of the grass paper as an
alternative paper in terms of cost efficiency, durability, and versatility of the paper. The
information about the grass papers are not yet developed in terms of the variables mentioned.
Some of the data that the researchers get from the internet are conflicting with one another, in
terms of the variables mentioned.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The use of grass paper as an alternative paper to wood-pulp papers is supported by
several theories. Specifically, the theory of Critical Raw Materials and The Use of Cogon Grass
as an Alternative for Paper Production. The IV – DV paradigm below shows the relations of the
variables in this study.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

GRASS PAPER STUDENTS

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

The conceptual of this study is interpreted through the IV – DV paradigm. The research
paradigm shows the grass paper as an Independent Variable affecting the Dependent Variable
which is the Students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao. The grass paper can affect the students in
terms of accessibility and cost. The grass paper can act as an alternative paper when the normal
is not present or accessible for usage.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:
 To identify the advantages of using grass paper by the grade 12 Senior High school
STEM students.
 To influence the Grade 12 Senior High school STEM students to start making and using a
grass paper.
 To assess whether or not using grass paper gives benefits to both students and the
environment.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

As the world continue to progress, the source of raw materials is rapidly decreasing. The
needs for alternative materials for certain crafts is increasing significantly. These changes have
caught the researcher’s attention.
The purpose of this research is to determine the advantages of grass papers as an
alternative to wood-pulp papers to the grade 12 respondents of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao.
Specifically, this study is sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the level of effectiveness of grass paper as an alternative substitute for wood-pulp
papers in terms of:

2.1 Durability;
2.2 Versatility and;
2.3 Efficiency;

2. Is there any significant advantages of grass papers towards to wood-pulp papers?

3. How efficient are the grass papers for an alternative substitute for the absence of wood-
pulp papers?

4. Are grass papers more cost efficient than the common normal papers?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
HYPOTHESIS:
The Grass papers will have a slight advantage over the normal wood-pulp papers that we
commonly use nowadays to the Grade 12 Students of Pamantasan ng Cabuya, if the grass paper
will hold the same properties in terms of durability, and versatility that a wood-pulp papers have,
and can perform like normal papers.
PREDICTION
If the grass paper will have the same properties of the common wood-pulp papers and can
perform like normal papers to the grade 12 students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao, Therefore, the
grass paper will have a slight advantage over the normal paper in terms of cost efficiency of the
product.

RESEARCH DESIGN
This study is designed as Experimental Research aiming to understand the possible
advantages of grass papers as an alternative paper to wood-pulp papers to the grade 12 students
of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao. This research will follow scientific method to gather data to prove or
disprove the hypothesis. Through experimental research, the researcher will measure the
variables affecting the grass papers as an alternative paper to wood-pulp papers.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
MATERIALS
The researcher of the study use various material to understand the concept of grass papers
and its properties that allows the grass to be a material for paper production. The researchers
used peer-reviewed study and theories about the properties and capability of the grass to make a
paper. The researchers also used the grass (specifically, Cogon and Carabao grass) for the
experimental process of paper production using paper grass.
METHOD
The research is design as experimental research, with that, the researchers use
experimental method to gather data to test the hypothesis of the study. The researchers aim to
identify the advantages of using grass paper as an alternative substitute to the wood-pulp papers
for grade 12 students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao in terms of grass paper’s durability, cost,
versatility, and efficiency.
The study used the following methods for creating grass paper. The process starts with
gathering grass, any type of grass will do but the Imperata Cylindrica also known as Cogon
grass and Paspalum Conjugatum also known as Carabao grass are the two most preferred type of
grass to be used for this process. After gathering grass, prepare the cooking pot to boil the hot
water with washing soda for breaking down the non-cellulose part of the plant while cutting the
plant into preferred sizes. The measurement for washing soda is 100g of soda for 300g of grass
fibers. (Tougher fiber will need more soda or longer time to cook). The cooking time for these
grasses are approximately 100mins, the tougher the grass the more cooking time it will need. To
check if the grass are now ready, try pulling it; the grass should pull apart easily.
After cooking the fibers, start beating the grass fibers for several mins to fine the grass
and then press it to release some of the water left inside. After 5 mins, start beating it again, this
second beating will help the grass fibers to form a smooth surface for the paper. After beating
proceed to blend the grass fiber to separate the fiber to pulp, while blending the fibers, start
preparing the mixture of glue and water. The glue will serve as the binding of the paper and to be
more durable, the brand of the glue won’t matter in this case. The measurement of water of the
mixture should be 40 L takes about 5 L of pulp, and 7 L of formation aid and 150g of glue, this
ratio of measurement will make thin sheets. For thicker sheet increase the pulp or reduce the
water.
For molding the paper, use old frames for molding the grass paper with strains that are
enough to drains and hold the grass pulps. After pulling the sheets place it on a clean cloth and
start applying pressure on top of the paper, this will make the surface smoother. After applying
pressure for several seconds, place it on a place wherein a sun can reach it to dry it up faster. The
drying time will depend on how thick the grass paper. When the paper dries up, start pulling it
slowly to prevent tearing it.

RELEVANT STUDIES
GRASS
Grass are considered invasive for some people because they can grow anywhere despite
of the circumstances of the land. According to Kassim et. al (2015), the demand for wood for the
paper production is increasing significantly over the years. Some of the good potential for paper
production are agricultural residues and non-wood annual plants that contains cellulose property.
The chemical and morphological properties of some grass especially Imperata Cylindrica alsow
know as Cogon grass are suitable for paper production.
The Cogon grass contains some of the properties such as ligin (5.67%), and ash (8.24%).
The Cogon also contains cellulose solubility and holo-cellulose 37.1% and 64.9%. (N A Zarib et.
al, 2020). These properties are the main components for paper production. This makes the Cogon
Grass as one of the qualified grass kinds to be able to produce quality grass papers.
GRASS PAPERS
One of the most effective alternatives for wood paper are grass papers. According to a
research study conducted by Dr. Kerstin Hermuth- Kleinschmidt entitled “Grass Paper: The
Green Way to Produce Paper and Cardboard"(2021), grass papers are much more an effective
alternative material for paper production. This kind of paper can be produced without using any
kind of chemicals that are used for normal wood-pulp papers. The replacement of grass instead
of normal wood pulp are going to contribute to reducing deforestation.
 In addition, the production of grass used much less raw materials than normal wood pulp
paper. The production of grass paper is easy, and any people can do, because of the common
materials that are easy to find anywhere. The grass paper being both compostable and recyclable
makes it a great alternative material for paper production.
RESEARCH TITLE:
AROMATHERAPY: USING REED DIFFUSER TO HELP LESSEN THE
STRESS OF THE GRADE 12 STEM STUDENTS OF PAMANTASAN NG
CABUYAO

SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT TITLE:

Hermosa Fragrancia: Using Reed Diffusers to alleviate stress
 QUESTION:
What are the good benefits reed diffuser have and its impact to both person and its
home?
 HYPOTHESIS:
The smell plays an important role in the physiological effects of mood, stress, and
working capacity. Therefore, Reed diffuser could be beneficial because of its
aroma that helps the Grade 12 Students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao to produce a
remedy that would help them to feel less stressed.

BUSINESS PLAN TITLE:

HERMOSA AROMA

 Business Concept
As the pandemic continues, a lot of people are experiencing a lot of stress some
may be because of their job, financial, school, etc. The entrepreneurs of this
projects aim to provide a product that is so easy to use and will help a student feel
less stressed.
The marketability of the product is high, as reed diffuser has a lot of good benefits
such as help encourage sleep, makes your home smell great, long-lasting smell and
last but not the least it helps a person to be relax, that’s why this product can be
sold to anyone especially to a student who’s coming to their home feeling stress
but when they smell the Hermosa Aroma’s reed diffuser, they feel relief.
The profitability of this product is high. The product can be sold more expensive or
a bit lower than the price of an electric diffuser, the expenses of the material used
to the product is less expensive than the electric diffuser. Since Hermosa Aroma’s
reed diffuser doesn’t need to be plug in, and the material used can be a recycled
bottle or jar, and most important it’s safer than electric diffuser.

RESEARCH DISCIPLINE

Science and chemistry will be used to classify this type of research. Aromatherapy,
we believe, can help to relieve tension and alter the nervous system, and essential
oils have a variety of therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory,
antibacterial, febrifuge [fever-reducing], and many more. The extraction of
essential oils is the first role chemistry plays in the field of aromatherapy. Essential
oils are plant-derived combinations of volatile chemicals that are usually non-polar
and fat-soluble.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Students who do not get enough sleep become fatigued, irritated, and less able to
cope with the pressures of daily life. It can even cause major physical and mental
health effects. The human brain was shown to relax and calm when certain
essential oils are used. 

According to Lin, Y.-N., & Chiu, Y.-H. C. (2020) students' physical and
psychological well-being can benefit from aromatherapy. This study discovered
that students can enjoy the pleasant feeling caused by herbal fragrance, release
their pressure, and restore their strength by studying the basics of herbal plants and
how to grow, as well as massage, smelling, and bathing with natural and herbal
essential oils. 
As stated by Dunnigan, J. M. (2013) aromatherapy is the highly skilled method of
essential oils used for physical and emotional well-being, and it has been shown to
help with relaxation, concentration, and consciousness. The effects of
aromatherapy essential oils on anxiety, emotionality, and worry, as well as their
impact on student test scores, are investigated in this study.

KNOWLEDGE GAP TO BE FILLED

Aromatherapy has long been used to treat both physical and mental disorders. The
sense of smell and inhaling specific aromas can change one's mood and induce
relaxation by changing the chemical balance in the brain and making one feel
calmer. Becoming more and more popular nowadays are reed diffusers. Reed
diffusers are easy to handle and produce amazing long-lasting aromas that fill your
house with relaxing and comforting scents. A glass container, a scented oil
mixture, and a handful of rattan reeds are the main components of a diffuser. The
scented oil mixture, which is mostly made up of a diffuser base mixed with
fragrance or essential oils, is kept in the glass bottle. 

As a result, the researchers managed to perform this research to see how effective
reed diffusers are at reducing the stress of Grade 12 STEM Students of Pamantasan
ng Cabuyao. The purpose of this study is to close the information gap about the use
of reed diffusers as a stress reliever for PnC Grade 12 STEM students in terms of
insomnia, relaxation, usage, versatility, and aesthetics. However, certain
information about reed diffusers in terms of versatility and usage is still limited.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

  INDEPENDENT VARIABLE                                 DEPENDENT VARIABLE

                                                    

REED DIFFUSER STUDENTS PHYSICAL AND

MENTTAL HEALTH

                                                   Figure 1. Research Paradigm

This study's conceptualization is understood using the IV – DV paradigm. The
research paradigm depicts the reed diffuser as an Independent Variable affecting
the Dependent Variable, which is the health of the Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
students. The reed diffuser can have an impact on the students' physical and
emotional wellness. Students' stress can be reduced by using a reed diffuser.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

While we're still in the midst of a pandemic, many students are under a lot of
stress. That’s why the researcher tries to come up with a remedy that would help
them to feel less stressed.

The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of using reed

diffusers to help lessen the stress of the Grade 12 STEM Students of Pamantasan
ng Cabuyao.

This study inquires to answer the following questions:

1. What are the good benefits of using reed diffuser to a stress student in terms of:

2.1 insomnia and;

2.2 relaxation;

2. What are the advantages of reed diffuser towards the common air fresheners in
terms of;

3.1 usage;

3.2 versatility and;

3.2 aesthetic;

3. Are reed diffusers safer than scented candles?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

The smell plays an important role in the physiological effects of mood, stress, and
working capacity. Therefore, Reed diffuser could be beneficial because of its
aroma that helps the Grade 12 Students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao to come up
with a remedy that would help them to feel less stressed.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study is designed as Experimental Research aiming to determine the

effectiveness of using reed diffusers to help lessen the stress of the Grade 12
STEM Students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao. Through experimental research, the
researcher will measure the variables affecting the benefits and advantages of using
reed diffusers.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

 MATERIALS
Two sets of questionnaires will be used to collect data on independent and
dependent factors during this study. The researchers evaluated the benefits of
utilizing a reed diffuser to a stress student and the advantages of reed diffuser over
standard air fresheners using a collection of surveys. The survey might reveal that
using a reed diffuser is beneficial to students and reduces stress. The benefits of
using a reed diffuser for a stressed student are referred to as sleeplessness and
relaxation, respectively. Usage, versatility, and aesthetic are all factors to consider
in addition to the advantages of reed diffusers over ordinary air fresheners.

 METHOD
The study is designed as an experimental study, which implies that the researchers
collect data in an experimental manner in order to test the study's hypothesis. The
purpose of this study is to determine the efficiency of the Reed Diffuser to help
lessen the stress of the Grade 12 STEM Students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao. We'll
need droplets of your chosen essential oil to make the diffuser. To begin this
investigation, we will require essential oil that will provide aroma to the diffuser
because it has a low viscosity and flows readily.

RELEVANT STUDIES

In the study of Liu, S.-H., Lin, T.-H., & Chang, K.-M. (2013) aromatherapy is used
to treat the symptoms of physical and mental stress. The primary goal of this study
was to determine the role of aromatherapy in reducing work-related stress. A
variety of stress-relieving techniques have been investigated. Aromatherapy
appeals to many because it is both effective and simple to apply. To evaluate the
performance of the aromatherapy treatment, these researchers used a controlled
trial to conduct experiments and examined changes in the nerve and muscle
systems of participants. 

As studied by Lee, M., Lim, S., Song, J.-A., Kim, M.-E., & Hur, M.-H. (2017)
stress can cause poor sleep and damage immune function, so it would be critical to
figure out how to deal with these issues and enhance quality of life. Their study
seeks to discover if aromatherapy, which involves inhaling essential oils, will help
with stress, anxiety, sleep quality, and immunological function. Therefore,
aromatherapy inhalation resulted in consistently low stress and depression, as well
as improved sleep quality, but had no effect on physiological indicators like the
stress index or immunological condition.
RESEARCH TITLE:
The Impact of Solar Energy Deployment on Sustainability in households among
Grade 12 Senior High School STEM Students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao

SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT TITLE:

Solar Energy Deployment as an Eco-Friendly Alternative to Common Consumable
Electricity in Households: Clean and Safe
 QUESTION:
What are some of the environmental benefits of using solar energy instead of
traditional electricity?
 HYPOTHESIS:
If the solar energy deployment has the same properties in terms of quality as non-
renewable resources that we have, and can perform like normal electricity, it will
have a slight advantage over the normal electrical consumption that we commonly
use nowadays to the Grade 12 Students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao.

BUSINESS PLAN TITLE:

SOLAR POWER

 Business Concept
Many people lost their jobs as the pandemic progressed, which was one of the
factors contributing to the pandemic's increasing poverty. In order to avoid being
infected with the covid -19 virus, most individuals only stay in their houses due to
the pandemic. As a result, it takes longer to utilize electricity, resulting in a higher
electricity cost. The goal of the project's creators is to create a product that will
assist consumers in saving energy and lowering their electricity bills.
The product's marketability is considerable since solar panels offer numerous
advantages, including the fact that they are environmentally friendly and do not
emit any greenhouse gases after installation. Depreciation of reliance on foreign oil
and fossil fuels. Every day of the year, even on cloudy days, renewable clean
energy is available. In contrast to paying electricity bills, there is a return on
investment.
The profitability of this product is high. The product can be marketed at a higher or
lower price than a solar panel because the material used to make the product is less
expensive than the solar panel. Since Solar Power uses equipment such as a solar
panel and electric cables that will be connected to our homes in order to generate
solar energy

RESEARCH DISCIPLINE

This form of research will be classified as business, natural, or applied sciences

research. We believe it will be in the business brackets since it has the capacity to
be marketable since it is highly useful, especially during times of electricity
shortages and natural disasters. In addition, in order to produce solar energy, we
will need equipment such as the solar panel itself as well as the electric lines that
will be connected to the house. The ability of such technology to run into will now
be nurtured and determined in natural and applied sciences.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study is supported by the article under Renewable and Sustainable

Energy Reviews entitled, Solar Energy: Markets, Economics and Policies (Timilsina,
et al., 2012). The article states that the solar energy has grown dramatically in
recent years as a result of both technology advancements that have reduced costs
and government regulations that encourage the development and use of
renewable energy. Even though the cost of solar energy has fallen dramatically in
recent years, it is still significantly more than the cost of other energy methods.
 Many commentators feel that solar with storage, together with EVs, will be
the energy economy's unavoidable future. Solar, storage, and related energy and
business model advancements, according to the SDH, are truly disruptive rather
than incremental. Solar plus storage will generate at least half of global electric
power generation by 2030, according to economic factors. In assessing the
hypothesis's problems, we propose that local, regional, and national policy might
either stymie or significantly accelerate the emergence of solar supremacy.
Another article has anchored this research entitled as, Energy Research &
Social Science, (Haukkala, T. 2015). The article states that the solar energy is
receiving a lot of attention these days. It is expected to contribute a significant
share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the future. Solar energy has numerous
advantages, including the fact that it cannot be monopolized by a few countries,
as is the case with fossil fuels. It has neither high maintenance and management
costs, nor conversion systems that emit bothersome emissions, and it can be
simply integrated into both public and private buildings without causing exterior
environmental consequences like wind turbines. Solar energy, according to the
International Energy Agency (IEA), could be the greatest source of electricity by
2050.

KNOWLEDGE GAP TO BE FILLED

Electricity is one of the most widely used forms of energy on the planet.
People may use electricity to light their homes, operate electric appliances, and
even charge their electronics. We may use the sun to power our life instead of
traditional electricity because it is a free, sustainable, and clean resource. In
homes and buildings, solar energy can be used to provide heat, light, and other
electricity-dependent needs. Photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar thermal
power are the two main technologies that supply solar energy today (CSP).
Photovoltaics is the most popular type of solar panel technology. PV cells collect
the energy from the sun and produce electrical charges to supply electricity.

Reflecting sunlight onto receivers, CSP uses mirrors to produce energy in

the form of heat, which is then used to generate electricity for larger businesses.
However, because we don't have the modern equipment to make an effective
solar panel that can power the entire house, we're conducting this study to see if
the little solar panel can fully charge a smartphone. According to the findings of
this study, there is a knowledge gap in the deployment of solar energy as an
alternative renewable resource in terms of cost, quality, usage, and electricity bill.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:

SOLAR ENERGY DEPLOYMENT SUSTAINABILITY

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study attempts to determine whether solar energy is commonly used for the
advantage of students or if it will have a detrimental impact on the homes of
Grade 12 STEM Senior High School students from Pamantasan ng Cabuyao.
1. What are the effects of having solar energy regarding to sustainability in terms
of:
 Usage
 Electricity bill
2. What are the deplorable levels of solar energy in terms of:
 Quality
 Cost
3. Is there significant relationship between the use of solar energy in homes and
the desire of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao's Grade 12 STEM students to install it?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

 Hypothesis:
If the solar energy deployment has the same properties in terms of quality as non-
renewable resources that we have, and can perform like normal electricity, it will
have a slight advantage over the normal electrical consumption that we
commonly use nowadays to the Grade 12 Students of Pamantasan ng Cabuya.

 Prediction:
For grade 12 students at Pamantasan ng Cabuyao, if the deployment of solar
energy has the same qualities as common non-renewable energy and can perform
as well as normal electricity, therefore, the deployment of solar energy will have a
slight competitive advantage over normal electricity.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study is an Experimental Research project designed to inform grade 12

students at Pamantasan ng Cabuyao about the potential benefits of solar energy
deployment as an alternative consumable electricity. To acquire evidence to
confirm or disprove the theory, this study will use the scientific process. The
researcher will measure the variables impacting the sustainability of solar energy
deployment through experimental research.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

 Materials:
During this research, two sets of questionnaires will be utilized to collect data on
independent and dependent variables. Using a collection of surveys, the
researchers investigated the consequences of having solar energy on
sustainability and the unsatisfactory level of solar energy. If selected students use
solar energy in their homes, the questionnaires will be designed to determine
how important it is when the population grows, and consumerism rises on a daily
basis. As a result of the survey, it was determined that employing solar energy
benefits both students and the environment. Solar energy has a number of
negative implications on sustainability, including usage and electricity bills. In
addition to the actual level of solar energy, quality and costs are all issues to
consider.

 Method:
The study is designed as an experimental study, which means that the researchers
utilize an experimental approach to collect data in order to test the study's
hypothesis. The goal of this research is to identify the impact of the use of solar
energy is sustainable in the households of Grade 12 STEM students of
Pamantasan ng Cabuyao. For solar energy production, we'll need equipment like a
solar panel and the electric wires that will be run from the home to the solar
panel. The method that we need to start this research, we'll need equipment such
as a solar panel and electric cables that will be connected to our homes in order
to generate solar energy.

RELEVANT STUDIES

According to Sindhu, et al., (2017), In terms of economic growth, improved quality

of life, and attainment of a nation's sustainable future, solar energy is the most
promising resource. In South Korea, it is widely accepted that the solar energy
markets have gotten a lot of attention in the previous decade due to the fact that
solar energy will have a large economic and environmental influence in the next
years. In order to attain a goal of green and eco-sustainable energy, the
development and deployment of large-scale solar energy technologies in South
Korea must overcome various technological, financial, regulatory, and institutional
hurdles (Alsharif, et al., 2019).
Goodstein and Lovins (2019) stated that, Solar with storage, as well as electric
vehicles, are widely seen as the energy economy's unavoidable future. Solar,
storage, and related energy and business model advances, according to the SHD,
are fundamentally disruptive technologies, not incremental ones. By 2030, solar
plus storage will account for at least half of worldwide electricity output. We
propose that local, regional, and national policies might either stifle or significantly
speed up the emergence of solar supremacy in the face of challenges to the theory.
Meanwhile, if the hypothesis is correct, "energy policy" in the 2020s will have to
move to tackling economic, political, and social issues such as job losses, stranded
assets, and geopolitical developments triggered by energy disruptions.

Research Objective: This study generally aims to identify if Grade 12 STEM

Students at Pamantasan ng Cabuyao households uses solar energy and how
significant it is when the population grows, and consumerism rises on a daily basis.

Research Problem: Students' households that are currently studying in PnC

unawareness of the value of solar energy and how they can save money while also
benefiting the environment.

Limitation: The study's shortcoming can be attributed to the fact that students in
Pamantasan ng Cabuyao do have a consistent electrical connection or do not have
the ability to install solar power. As a result, we are unable to determine if solar
energy has had an influence on some statistically selected students' electrical
sustainability.
Rationale: In this study, Grade 12 stem students' thoughts on solar energy are being
collected in order to establish whether or not installing such can maintain a home
and is more useful. Many individuals, particularly parents, tend to put their money
where their mouth is. Installing a solar panel, in my opinion, will be favorable,
especially as the electrical company's charging from house to house rises. We can
consume more electricity with the help of solar energy without even considering
how much it will cost us. It can also be used as a tool to persuade others to use it,
and it will be indefinably marketable.