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Class 11 - Chemistry
Sample Paper 01

Maximum Marks: 35
Time Allowed: 90
minutes

General Instructions:

1. The Question Paper contains three sections.


2. Section A has 25 questions. Attempt any 20 questions.
3. Section B has 24 questions. Attempt any 20 questions.
4. Section C has 6 questions. Attempt any 5 questions.
5. All questions carry equal marks.
6. There is no negative marking.

Section A
1. To which block of elements in the periodic table 3d104s2 belongs?
a. d- Block
b. p- Block
c. f- Block
d. s- Block
2. Among the following pairs of orbitals which orbital will experience the larger effective nuclear charge?
(i) 2s and 3s, (ii) 4d and 4f, (iii) 3d and 3p:
a. 4f, 3d, and 3s respectively
b. 2s, 4d and 3p respectively
c. 2s, 4d and 3d respectively
d. 4d, 3p and 2s respectively
3. What is the general electronic configuration of the elements of group 14?
a. [Inert] ns2 np1
b. [Inert] ns2 np4
c. [inert] ns2, np2
d. [Inert] ns2 np3
4. The state of hybridization of the central atom and the number of lone pairs over the central atom
in POCl3 are:
a. sp, 0
b. dsp2, 1
c. sp2, 0
d. sp3, 0
5. Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously, hence, the word “redox” was coined for this
class of chemical reactions. In the following redox reaction, identify the species undergoing
oxidation and reduction: 3Fe3O4(s) + 8 Al (s) 9 Fe (s) + 4Al2O3(s)
a. Aluminium (Al) is oxidised, (Fe3O4) is reduced

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b. Al2O3 is reduced, Fe3O4 is oxidised


c. Fe3O4 is oxidised, Aluminium is reduced
d. Fe3O4 is oxidised, Fe is reduced
6. Which of the following statements about hydrogen are correct?
A. The hydrogen ion, H+, exists freely in solution.
B. Dihydrogen does not act as a reducing agent.
C. Hydrogen has three isotopes of which protium is the most common.
D. Hydrogen never acts as an anion in ionic salts.
a. Only B is correct
b. Only D is correct
c. Only A is correct
d. Only C is correct
7. Straight or branched chain compounds, for example, the below ones are called

a. closed chain compounds


b. aliphatic cyclic compounds
c. alicyclic compounds
d. aliphatic compounds
8. One mole is the amount of a substance that contains as many particles or entities as there are atoms in:
a. exactly 12 g (or 0.012 kg) of the isotope
b. exactly 12 g (or 0.012 kg) of the isotope
c. exactly 14g (or 0.014 kg) of the isotope
d. exactly 12g (or 0.012 kg) of the isotope
9. In Thomson's Model of Atom:
a. the electrons are embedded into a sphere of positive charges similar to plum pudding
b. electrons oscillate about the nucleus
c. electrons move in circular orbits around nucleus
d. electrons swam like flies around nucleus
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10. Generally, the first ionization energy increases throughout the period. But there are some
exceptions. One which is NOT an exception is .
a. N and O
b. Na and Mg
c. Be and B
d. Mg and Al
11. Isostructural species are those which have the same shape and hybridisation. Among the given
species identify the isostructural pairs.
a. [ and ]
b. [ NF3 and BF3 ]
c. [BCl3and BrCl3]

d. [NH3 and ]
12. In the reaction of metallic cobalt placed in nickel sulphate solution, there is a competition for release of

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electrons At equilibrium, chemical tests reveal that both Ni2+ (aq) and Co2+ (aq) are present at moderate
concentrations. The result is that:
a. Neither the reactants nor the products are greatly favoured
b. Only [Co(s) and (aq)] are favoured
c. Only (aq) and Ni (s)] are favoured
d. Only one reactant and one product is greatly favoured.
13. Hydrogen peroxide is obtained by the electrolysis of .
a. water
b. fused sodium peroxide
c. hydrochloric acid
d. sulphuric acid
14. Electrophilic addition reactions proceed in two steps. The first step involves the addition of an
electrophile. Name the type of intermediate formed in the first step of the following addition reaction.
H3C—HC = CH2 + H+ ?

a. 2° Carbocation
b. 1° Carbocation
c. 2° Carbanion
d. 1° Carbanion
15. There are L in 12.0 ml?
a. 0.10 L
b. 0.012 L
c. 0.12 L
d. 0.0012 L
16. Lines in the hydrogen spectrum which appear in the visible region of the electromagnetic
Spectrum, then they are called as:
a. Balmer series
b. Lyman series
c. Paschen series
d. Bracket series
17. Which of the following is most powerful oxidizing agent in the following:
a. KMnO4
b. K2Cr2O7
c. O3
d. H2O2
18. Rank the bonds in the set C=O, C-O, C O in order of decreasing bond strength.
a. C-O < C O > C=O
b. C O > C=O > C-O
c. C=O < C O > C-O
d. C O > C-O < C=O
19. In sulphur estimation, 0.157 g of an organic compound gave 0.4813 g of barium sulphate. What is
the percentage of sulphur in the compound?
a. 24%
b. 11%
c. 42.10%
d. 41.6%

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20. Consider the reaction,

If 300g of C4H10 (g) is burnt with 1000 g of O2, the yield of H2O and the limiting reagent in the
reaction are and respectively.
a. 435 g and O2
b. 400 g and O2
c. 350 g and C4 H10
d. 465 g and O2
21. A balanced chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of
the equation. This is in accordance with one of the following laws
a. Gay Lussac's Law of gaseous volumes
b. Avogadro Law
c. Law of conservation of mass
d. Law of Definite Proportions
22. Identify the correct statements with reference to the given reaction as follows:
.
a. Hydrogen is undergoing oxidation as well as reduction.
b. Phosphorus is undergoing oxidation only.
c. Phosphorus is undergoing reduction only.
d. Phosphorus is undergoing oxidation as well as reduction.
23. A qualitative measure of the stability of an ionic compound is provided by:
a. lattice enthalpy
b. Electron affinity
c. electron gain enthalpy
d. ionization enthalpy
24. In Carius method of estimation of halogen, 0.15 g of an organic compound gave 0.12 g of AgBr. Find
out the percentage of bromine in the compound.
a.
b.
c.
d.
25. A person is suffering with fever with a high temperature of 104 °F. What will be his body
temperature in °C?
a. 32.38 °C
b. 28 .10 °C
c. 18.68 °C
d. 40 °C
Section B
26. Rutherford’s –particle scattering experiment supported the discovery of:
a. nucleus
b. electron
c. radioactivity
d. proton
27. Which of the following angle corresponds to sp2
hybridisation? a. 109°

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b. 180°
c. 90°
d. 120°
28. Only one element of forms hydride.
a. group 9
b. group 7
c. group 8
d. group 6
29. 2-bromo butane can be represented in various ways. Choose the incorrect one from the following
a. CH2CHBrCH2CH2

b.

c.

d.

30. The molar mass of AgBO3 is


a. 189.9 amu
b. 159.9 u
c. 179.9 g
d. 169.9 u
31. One of the following scientists was the first to discover electron
a. Ernest Rutherford
b. J.J. Thomson
c. James Chadwick
d. Robert Hooke
32. The product of the magnitude of the charge and the distance between the centres of positive
and negative charge is called .
a. Dipole moment
b. ionic character
c. covalent character
d. electronegativity
33. Hydrogen peroxide is used as:
a. All of these
b. A bleaching agent
c. A reducing agent
d. An oxidizing agent
34. The hybridization state of a carbocation is:
a. sp3
b. sp
c. sp2

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d. sp4
35. The molar mass of C6H10O5 is:
a. 172.09 u
b. 182 g
c. 152.00 g/mol
d. 162.14 g/mol
36. Correct expression for all series of lines in the hydrogen spectrum is (n1 = 1, 2, 3... and n2 = n1 + 1, n1
+2, ... , and is the wavenumber)

a.

b.

c.

d.

37. Mg2+ is isoelectronic with:


a. Zn2+
b. Cu2+
c. Ca2+
d. Na+
38. , CO and are isoelectronic molecules. Their respective bond order is :
a. 2,3,3
b. 2,3,4
c. 1,1,3
d. 3,3,3
39. What does the following diagram showing Lewis structures depict?

a. metamerism in nitromethane (CH3NO2)

b. resonance structures of nitromethane


c. electron displacement effects in nitromethane (CH3NO2)
d. inductive effect in nitromethane (CH3NO2)
40. Photoelectric effect established that light
a. behaves like particles
b. behaves like magnetic fields
c. behaves like waves
d. behaves like rays
41. Select the nucleophile(s) among the following molecules/ions
HS-, BF3, C2H5O-, (CH3)3N:, Cl+, CH3C+ = O, H2N-:, NO2+

a.

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Cl+, CH3C+ = O

b. CH3C+ =O, NO2+

c. HS-, H2N-:, (CH3)3N:, C2H5O-

d. BF3, Cl+
42. The wave character of electrons is used in the construction of
a. fluorescence microscope
b. compound microscope
c. electron microscope
d. light microscope
43. The outer electronic configuration of a p- block element is:
a. 6s24f3
b. 3s23p64s2
c. 3d104s2
d. ns2 np1-6
44. According to Dalton’s atomic theory
a. Atoms are made of neutrons and protons
b. Atoms are made of electrons and protons
c. Atoms are indivisible
d. Atoms are made of electrons, neutrons and protons
45. Assertion (A): Thomson's atomic model is known as the raisin pudding model.
Reason (R): The atom is visualized as a pudding of positive charge with electrons (raisins) embedded in
it.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
46. Assertion (A): The second period consists of 8 elements.
Reason (R): The number of elements in each period is four times the number of atomic orbitals
available in the energy level that is being filled.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
47. Assertion (A): The hybridisation possessed by the oxygen atom in OF2 molecule is sp2.

Reason (R): sp2 hybrid structures have trigonal planar geometry.


a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
48. Assertion (A): In aqueous solution, SO2 reacts with H2S liberating sulphur.
Reason (R): SO2 is an effective reducing agent.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

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c. A is true but R is false.


d. A is false but R is true.
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49. Assertion (A): Inductive effect is a permanent effect.
Reason (R): Inductive effect involve the complete transfer of electron.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Section C
50. 30 mg is the same mass as:
a. 0.0003 kg
b. 0.03 g
c. 300 decigrams
d. 0.3 grams
51. An electron has a
a. negligible mass
b. relative charge of -1
c. all of these
d. the charge is opposite and equal to a proton

52. The addition of HCl to alkene proceeds in two steps. The first step is the attack of H+ ion to
the portion which can be shown as:

A.

B.

C.

D. All of these are possible


a. C
b. D
c. B
d. A

Question No. 53 to 55 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the
questions:

The existing large number of organic compounds and their ever-increasing numbers has made it
necessary to classify them on the basis of their structures. Organic compounds are broadly classified
as open-chain compounds which are also called aliphatic compounds. Aliphatic compounds further
classified as homocyclic and heterocyclic compounds. Aromatic compounds are special types of
compounds. Alicyclic compounds, aromatic compounds may also have heteroatom in the ring. Such
compounds are called heterocyclic aromatic compounds. Organic compounds can also be classified on
the basis of functional groups, into families or homologous series. The members of a homologous
series

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can be represented by general molecular formula and the successive members differ from each
other in a molecular formula by a –CH2 unit.

53. Assertion (A): Hydroxyl group (–OH) is a functional group.


Reason (R): The functional group is defined as an atom or group of atoms joined in a specific manner
with characteristic chemical properties of the organic compounds.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
54. Assertion (A): Non-benzenoid compound is a classification as the alicyclic compound.
Reason (R): Aniline is a benzenoid compound.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
55. Assertion (A): H2C=CH2 is a condensed structural formula.
Reason (R): Condensed structural formula is represented by omitting some or all of the dashes
representing covalent bonds.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.

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Class 11 - Chemistry
Sample Paper 01

Solution

Section A
1. (a) d- Block
Explanation: d-block element has the general outermost electronic configuration as (n-1)d1-10 ns0-2.
2. (b) 2s, 4d and 3p respectively
Explanation: Nuclear charge is defined as the net positive charge experienced by an electron in the
orbital of a multi-electron atom. The closer the orbital, the greater is the nuclear charge experienced by
the electron (s) in it.
(i) 2s is closer to the nucleus than 3s.Hence 2s will experience larger effective nuclear charge.
(ii) 4d will experience greater nuclear charge than 4f since 4d is closer to the nucleus than 4f.
(iii) 3p will experience greater nuclear charge since it is closer to the nucleus than 3f because 3p
is closer to nucleus than 3f.
3. (c) [inert] ns2, np2
Explanation: The general electronic configuration of different elements is given with reference to the
complete configuration of an inert element preceding. It is usually denoted as and thereafter
the number of electrons in the last orbit of the element is written following notation, where
n = principal quantum number
l = secondary or Azimuthal quantum number
x = number of electrons
So, the general electronic configuration of group 14 elements (ie. a p-block element) is [inert] ns2, np2.
4. (d) sp3, 0
Explanation: CN= 0.5 [V+M-C+A]
For POCl3 V=5 M=3 C =A=0 So CN=4

So hybridization is sp3. And there are 4 bps so 0 lps.


5. (a) Aluminium (Al) is oxidised, (Fe3O4) is reduced
Explanation: In the above reaction, oxygen is transferred from Fe3O4 to Al, so Fe3O4 is reduced while
Al is oxidised. As per the definition of oxidation and reduction, loss of oxygen i.e reduction occurs
in Fe3O4, and gain of oxygen i.e Oxidation occurs in Al.
6. (d) Only C is correct
Explanation: Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes: protium, deuterium, and tritium. Each
isotope has different chemical properties. Protium is the most prevalent hydrogen isotope, with an
abundance of 99.98%. It consists of one proton and one electron. It is typically not found in its
monoatomic form, but bonded with itself (H2) or other elements.
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7. (d) aliphatic compounds
Explanation: The straight and branched chain compounds are known as aliphatic compounds (also
called acyclic or open chain compounds).
8. (d) exactly 12g (or 0.012 kg) of the isotope
Explanation: One mole is the amount of a substance that contains as many particles or entities as there

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are atoms in exactly 12 g of the isotope.


A mole of a substance always contains the same number of entities, no matter what the substance may
be. In order to determine this number precisely, the mass of carbon -12 atom was determined by mass
spectrometer and found to be equal to 1.992648 10-23g. Knowing that one mole of carbon weighs 12g.
the number of atoms in it is equal to: 6.0221367 1023
9. (a) the electrons are embedded into a sphere of positive charges similar to plum pudding
Explanation: According to Thomson's Model of Atom,
i. An atom possesses a spherical shape.
ii. The negatively charged electrons are embedded into a sphere of positive charges in such a
manner to give it the most stable electrostatic arrangement.
iii. The whole arrangement is like plums (electrons) in a pudding of positive charges in the
plum pudding.
10. (b) Na and Mg
Explanation: The exception in ionization energy is due to the extra stability of fully filled and half-
filled valence orbitals. It appears in the case of N and O where N is half-filled; Be and B where B has
fully filled; Mg and Al where Mg has fully filled valence orbitals. No such exception appears when we
move from Na to Mg.
11. (a) [ and ]
Explanation: BF - and NH +
both have sp3 hybridisation.
4 4
12. (a) Neither the reactants nor the products are greatly favoured
Explanation: Reaction will not complete and it will remain at equilibrium.
13. (d) sulphuric acid
Explanation: Hydrogen peroxide is manufactured in large amounts by the electrolysis of aqueous
solutions of sulfuric acid (or of potassium bisulfate or ammonium bisulfate):

On cathode : On anode :

14. (a) 2° Carbocation


Explanation: When the electrophile attacks CH 3-CH=CH2, delocalisation of electron can take place in
two ways:

As 2° carbocation is more stable than 1° carbocation, the first addition is more feasible.
15. (b) 0.012 L
Explanation: Since , 1L = 1000 ml
12 ml = L = 0.012 L
16. (a) Balmer series
Explanation: The Balmer series or Balmer lines in atomic physics is the designation of one of a set of
six named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom. The Balmer series is
calculated using the Balmer formula, an empirical equation discovered by Johann Balmer in 1885
Balmar series lies in the visible region of the Electromagnetic spectrum.

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17. (c) O3
Explanation: Ozone act as powerful oxidising agent because it can easily decompose to give an atom of
nascent oxygen which is more reactive than O2.
18. (b) C O > C=O > C-O
Explanation: The more bonds between atoms, the shorter the bond is. For example, a triple bond will
be shorter than a double bond. Shorter = stronger, so the shorter the bond is the stronger it is (higher
dissociation energy). Bond order is basically the number of bonds between atoms, so a larger number
bond order=more bonds=shorter bonds=stronger bonds.
19. (c) 42.10%
Explanation: Molecular mass of BaSO4 = 137 + 32 + 64 g = 233 g
233 g BaSO4 contains 32 g S

0.4813 g BaSO4 contains

So % of S =
S = 42.10%
20. (d) 465 g and O2
Explanation: Calculations
As per the stoichiometry of the given equation,

Calculations:
Step 1/ -
Molar mass of C4H10
= (4 2+1 10) amu = (48 + 10) amu
= 58 amu
300g of C4H10

= moles
= 5.17 moles
Step 2 / -
i. For the yield of H2O;
Since 2 mols of C4H10 yields 10 H2O i.e.
= 10 moles.
5.17 moles of C4H10 would yield 10H2O

= 25.85 moles

465.3 g 465 g
ii. For predicting the limiting reagent;
a. Calculate the number of moles of O2 needed to react with 5.17 moles of C4H10
Since 2 moles of C4H10 requires 13 O2 molecules i.e.
= 13 moles

= 33.62
moles
Number of moles of O2 actually taken for combustion

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=
=
= 31.25 moles
Thus, it is noteworthy that,
O2(g) taken for reaction (i.e. 31.25 moles) is lesser than the required number of moles (i.e. 33.62
moles).
Hence, it would be consumed first and is, therefore, the limiting reagent for this reaction.
21. (c) Law of conservation of mass
Explanation: As a result of the law of conservation of mass ( ie." matter can neither be created nor
destroyed " ), it is significant that in any chemical change the total mass of the reacting substances
should be equal to that of the products formed. This is easily represented through a balanced chemical
equation for the reaction being considered. Further, since the number of atoms of different elements,
with their own atomic masses, are involved in a chemical change their number should not change ( or
remain the same ) even before and after the reaction, irrespective of the compound/element used as a
reactant or in products yielded.
22. (d) Phosphorus is undergoing oxidation as well as reduction.

Explanation:
Phosphorus is undergoing oxidation as well as reduction. As the oxidation number of P is 0 in the
reactant and in the product it is -3 as well as +1.
23. (a) lattice enthalpy
Explanation: Lattice energy is an estimate of the bond strength in ionic compounds. It is defined as the
heat of formation for ions of opposite charge in the gas phase to combine into an ionic solid. The
stability of the ionic bond is directly proportional to lattice energy.
24. (d)
Explanation: Molar mass of AgBr = 108 + 80 = 188 g/mol
188 g AgBr contains 80 g bromine
0.12 g AgBr contains (80 x 0.12)/188 g bromine

Percentage of bromine
25. (d) 40 °C
Explanation: 104°F − 32) × 5/9 = 40°C
Section B
26. (a) nucleus
Explanation: Rutherford's model of an atom: Ernest Rutherford was interested in knowing how the
electrons are arranged within an atom. Rutherford designed an experiment for this. In this
experiment, fast-moving alpha ( )-particles were made to fall on a thin gold foil.
On the basis of his experiment, Rutherford put forward the model of an atom, which had the following
features:
There is a positively charged centre in an atom called the nucleus.
Nearly all the mass of an atom resides in the nucleus. The electrons revolve around the
nucleus in well-defined orbits.
The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom.
27. (d) 120°
Explanation: sp2 hybridisation have triangular planar structure so bond angle is 120o
28. (d) group 6

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Explanation: Only Chromium (Cr) who belongs to group 6 forms hydride.


Elements of group 7, 8, 9 of d – block do not form hydrides at all. This inability of metal, of group 7, 8, 9
of periodic table to form hydrides is referred to as hydride gap of d – block.

29. (b)

Explanation: methyl group is represented at 3rd carbon no bromine is there on 2nd carbon
30. (d) 169.9 u
Explanation: Molar mass of AgBO3 = [atomic mass of Ag + atomic mass of N + 3 (atomic mass of O))] u
Substituting the atomic masses of Ag, N & O as 107.9, 14 & 16 respectively in the above expression we
get -
Molar mass of AgBO3 = [107.9 + 14 + (3 16) ] u
= 169.9 u
31. (b) J.J. Thomson
Explanation: Electron was discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897 when he was studying the properties of
the cathode ray. J. J. Thomson won Nobel Prize in 1906 for discovering the elementary particle
electron.
32. (a) Dipole moment
Explanation: A dipole moment is a measurement of the separation of two opposite electrical charges.
Dipole moments are a vector quantity. The magnitude is equal to the charge multiplied by the
distance between the charges and the direction is from negative charge to positive charge: =q
r
33. (a) All of these
Explanation: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very pale blue liquid that appears colourless in a dilute
solution, slightly more viscous than water. It is a weak acid. It has strong oxidizing properties and is,
therefore, a powerful bleaching agent that is mostly used for bleaching paper but has also found use
as a disinfectant and as an oxidizer.
Hydrogen peroxide in acid solution is oxidized with KMnO 4 and reduced with KI. When H2O2 serves as
an oxidizing agent, the oxygen is reduced to H 2O. When H2O2 serves as a reducing agent, the oxygen is
oxidized to O2 and bubbles are noticed.

34. (c) sp2


Explanation: The carbocations have trigonal planar shape with positively charged carbon being
sp2 hybridised. Thus, the shape of a carbocation may be considered as being derived from the
overlap of three equivalent C(sp2) hybridised orbitals.
35. (d) 162.14 g/mol
Explanation: Molar mass of C6H10O5 is as follows:
= [(atomic mass of C) 6] + [(atomic mass of H ) 10] + [ (atomic mass of O) 5]
= [(12.0107 6) + (0.00794 10) + (15.9994 5)]
= 162.1406 g/mol

36. (c)

Explanation: In an amazing demonstration of mathematical insight, in 1885 Balmer came up with a


simple formula for predicting the wavelength of any of the lines in atomic Hydrogen in what we now

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know as the Balmer series.


Three years later, Rydberg generalized this so that it was possible to determine the wavelengths of
any of the lines in the hydrogen emission spectrum. Rydberg suggested that all atomic spectra formed
families with this pattern (he was unaware of Balmer's work).
It turns out that there are families of spectra following Rydberg's pattern, notably in the alkali metals,
sodium, potassium, etc., but not with the precision the hydrogen atom lines fit the Balmer formula, and
low values of n2 predicted wavelengths that deviate considerably.
Rydberg's general equation is as follows:

where
i. RH is the Rydberg constant and is 109,737 cm-1
ii. n1 and n2 are integers (whole numbers) with n2>n1

37. (d) Na+


Explanation: Total electrons in Mg2+ and Na+ are same i.e. 10.
38. (d) 3,3,3
Explanation: Total number of electrons in N2 molecule is 7+ 7= 14.

As per the formula Bonded pair of electrons Nb:


Total 10 electrons.
Anti bond pairs of electrons Na: Total 4 electrons.

Bond Order (B.O.) =


Similarly bond order of CO And NO+ is 3
39. (b) resonance structures of nitromethane
Explanation: These are resonating structures of nitromethane. It is known that the two N-O bonds of
nitromethane are of the same length (intermediate between a N-O single bond and a N=O double
bond). The actual structure of nitromethane is, therefore, a resonance hybrid of the two canonical
forms I and II.
40. (a) behaves like particles
Explanation: The emission of free electrons from a metal surface when light is shone on it is called the
photoemission or the photoelectric effect. This effect led to the conclusion that light is made up of
packets or quantum of energy. Einstein already associated the light quantum with momentum. This
strongly supported the particle nature of light and these particles were named photons. Thus, the
wave-particle duality of light came into the picture. Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics not for his
work on relativity, but for explaining the photoelectric effect.
41. (c) HS-, H2N-:, (CH3)3N:, C2H5O-
Explanation: Nucleophiles are nucleus loving species. These can be negatively charged or netural
having lone pair of electrons. So among the given options nucleophiles are HS-, H2N-:, (CH3)3N:, C2H5O-

42. (c) electron microscope


Explanation: The electron microscope uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination.
The wavelength of an electron being much shorter than the visible light the electron microscope has a
higher resolving power.
43. (d) ns2 np1-6
Explanation: In the p-block elements, the last electron enters in p-orbital of the valence shell and the

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electronic configuration of the valence shell is ns2 np1-6.


44. (c) Atoms are indivisible
Explanation: Dalton’s atomic theory stated that:
All the matter is made of atoms which are tiny particles and indivisible.
All the given atom of the element is identical in mass, size, shape, and in other
properties. All different elements have different types of atoms and also different in
their mass, size, shape, and in other properties.
All the atom of an element cannot be made or destroyed.
45. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
46. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: The number of elements in each period is twice the number of atomic orbitals available
in the energy level that is being filled.
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47. (d) A is false but R is true.

Explanation:

In OF2, O is sp3 hybridised.


48. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
49. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
Section C
50. (b) 0.03 g
Explanation: since 1000 mg = 1g
30 mg
= [(1/1000) 30] g
= 0.03 g
51. (c) all of these
Explanation: all of these
52. (c) B
Explanation: Since arrows are shown in the direction of movement of electrons, so the correct
depiction is B.
53. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
54. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
55. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.

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