Table 1A

Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Sex

SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

Male 109 30.11%

Female 253 69.89%

Total 362 100%

Table 1A displays the frequency and percentage of male and female

respondents from the PSU-BC College Students sample of 362 students. There are 109

males and 253 females. Female respondents outnumber males (30.11%) by a larger

margin (69.89%). This finding is supported by Sahar et al. (2019), who confirmed that

several studies have found that female students are more likely than male students to

engage in academically honest activities. Similarly, in the study revealed by Coleman

and Mahaffey (2000), in universities, women are more tolerant of cheating than men.

Table 1B

Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Degree Program

DEGREE PROGRAM FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEE) 25 6.91%

Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE) English 16 4.42%

Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE) Filipino 12 3.31%

Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE) Mathematics 16 4.42%

Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE) Science 29 8.01%

Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE) Social Studies 18 4.97%

Bachelor of Early Childhood Education (BECED) 13 3.59%

Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education

14 3.87%
(BTLE)

Bachelor of Physical Education (BPED) 21 5.80%

Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) 57 15.75%

Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) 20 5.52%

Bachelor of Public Administration (BPA) 49 13.54%

Bachelor of Arts in English Language (ABE) 32 8.84%

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) 40 11.05%

Total 362 100%

As shown in Table 1B, the respondents are gathered from different degree

programs, whereas 25 (6.91%) are from BEE, 13 (3.59%) from BECED, 16 (4.42%)

BSE English, 12 (3.31%) BSE Filipino, 16 (4.42%) BSE Math, 29 (8.01%) BSE Science,

18 (4.97%) BSE Social Studies, 14 (3.87%) BTLED, 21 (5.80%) BPED, 57 (15.75%)

BSBA, 20 (5.52%) BSN, 49 (13.54%) BPA, 32 (8.84%) ABE, and 40 (11.05%) BSIT.

Therefore, most of the respondents came from the Bachelor of Science in Business
Administration (BSBA) wherein there are 57 respondents, comprising 15.75%, while the

least number of respondents is from the Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE)

Filipino, as they are comprised of 12 respondents, which reflects only 3.31% of the

overall data.

Table 1C

Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Year Level

YEAR LEVEL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

First Year 92 25.41%

Second Year 96 26.52%

Third Year 84 23.21%

Fourth Year 90 24.86%

Total 362 100%

Table 1C shows that the second year has the highest frequency, consisting of 96

respondents or 26.52%, followed by the first year with 92 students or 25.41%, then the

fourth year, comprising of 90 respondents or 24.86%, and lastly, the third year with 84

respondents or 23.21%, which comprises a total of 362 respondents. Younger students

tend to engage more academically dishonest practices than older students because

they are more immature in terms of both age and maturity (Haines et al., 1986).

General Weighted Average

 The profile of the respondents in terms of General Weighted Average per

semester were gathered and analyzed to have an accurate description of the

respondents. The following tables present the frequency and percentage of the

respondents by General Weighted Average and its descriptive equivalence. The

researchers only considered passing grades, thus, no conditional or failing grade has

been included in the data gathered.

According to Fabula (2022), GWA (General Weighted Average) signifies the

student's academic performance over a semester or academic year. It is based on the

grades you received in your classes and the number of units you earned in each class.

Students with a low GPAs are more likely to engage in dishonest academic practices

because they expect to gain more and lose less (McCabe & Trevino, 1997). Thus,

students with a higher GPAs may feel no need at all to participate in academic

dishonesty, whereas those with lower GPAs may feel obliged to engage in those kinds

of activities to improve their own grades.

First Year

Table 1D
First Year Students General Weighted Average
N=92

General Weighted Frequency Percentage (%) Descriptive

Average A.Y. Equivalence
2021-2022
First First
Semester Semester
1.00-.1.25 Excellent
1.26-1.50 8 8.70% Very Good
1.51-1.75 55 59.78% Very Good
1.76-2.00 26 28.26% Good
2.01-2.25 1 1.09% Good
 2.26-2.50 2 2.17% Good
2.51-2.75 Passed
2.76-3.00 Fair
TOTAL 92 100%

Table 1D presents the First Semester General Weighted Average (GWA) of 92

first-year students in Academic Year 2021-2022. It can be noted in the table that most of

the students got the first semester GWA ranges of 1.51-1.75 with a descriptive

equivalence of very good as it has the highest frequency recorded, which is 55, or

59.78%. On the other hand, the lowest frequency recorded in the first semester is 1

range of 2.01-2.25, with a descriptive equivalence of good and a percentage of 1.09%.

Second Year

Table 1E
Second Year Students General Weighted Average
N= 96

General Frequency
Weighted A.Y. A.Y. Descriptive
Average 2020-2021 2021-2022 Equivalence
First Second First
Semester Semester Semester
1.00-.1.25 Excellent
1.26-1.50 19 13 17 Very Good
1.51-1.75 43 43 39 Very Good
1.76-2.00 24 27 26 Good
2.01-2.25 6 5 6 Good
2.26-2.50 4 4 5 Good
2.51-2.75 4 3 Passed
 2.76-3.00 Fair
TOTAL 96 96 96

General Percentage (%)

Weighted A.Y. A.Y. Descriptive
Average 2020-2021 2021-2022 Equivalence
First Second First
Semester Semester Semester
1.00-.1.25 Excellent
1.26-1.50 19.79% 13.54% 17.71% Very Good
1.51-1.75 44.79% 44.79% 40.63% Very Good
1.76-2.00 25% 28.12% 27.08% Good
2.01-2.25 6.25% 5.21% 6.25% Good
2.26-2.50 4.17% 4.17% 5.21% Good
2.51-2.75 4.17% 3.12% Passed
2.76-3.00 Fair
TOTAL 100% 100% 100%

Table 1E presents the General Weighted Average (GWA) of 96 second year students. It
can be noted in the table that most of the students got the frequency number of 43 with a
percentage of 44.79% in first and second semester GWA ranges of 1.51-1.75, similarly to
Academic Year 2021-2022 first semester with a frequency number of 39 with a percentage of
40.63%. All semesters taken by the second-year students imply a very good descriptive
equivalence. On the other hand, the lowest frequency recorded in the first and second semester
in Academic Year 2020–2021 is 4, and the first semester ranges 2.26-2.50 with a descriptive
equivalence of good and the second semester ranges 2.51-2.75 with a descriptive equivalence
of fair and each semester has a percentage of 4.17%. In Academic Year 2021–2022 first
semester, the lowest frequency recorded is 3 ranges 2-51-2.75 with a descriptive equivalence of
fair and a percentage of 3.12%.

Third Year

Table 1F
Third Year Students General Weighted Average
N= 84
General Frequency
Weighted A.Y. A.Y. A.Y. Descriptive
Average 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 Equivalence
First Second First Second First
Semester Semester Semester Semester Semester

1.00-.1.25 Excellent
1.26-1.50 5 4 6 6 12 Very Good
1.51-1.75 26 42 39 33 44 Very Good
1.76-2.00 43 29 29 37 20 Good
2.01-2.25 7 6 7 5 5 Good
2.26-2.50 2 3 2 2 2 Good
2.51-2.75 1 1 1 1 Passed
2.76-3.00 Fair
TOTAL 84 84 84 84 84

General Percentage (%)

Weighted A.Y. A.Y. A.Y. Descriptive
Average 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 Equivalence
First Second First Second First
Semester Semester Semester Semester Semester

1.00-.1.25 Excellent
1.26-1.50 5.95% 4.76% 7.14% 7.14% 14.29% Very Good
1.51-1.75 30.95% 50% 46.43% 39.29% 52.38% Very Good
1.76-2.00 51.19% 34.52% 34.52% 44.04% 23.80% Good
2.01-2.25 8.33% 7.14% 8.33% 5.95% 5.95% Good
2.26-2.50 2.38% 3.57% 2.38% 2.38% 2.38% Good
2.51-2.75 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% Passed
2.76-3.00 Fair
TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
 Table 1F presents the General Weighted Average (GWA) of 84 third-year students. It
can be noted in the table that most of the students in Academic Year 2019-2020 got a frequency
of 43, or 51.19%, in the first semester; GWA ranges from 1.76-2.00 with a descriptive
equivalence of good and 42, or 50%, in the second semester; GWA ranges from 1.51–1.75 with
a descriptive equivalence of very good. On the other hand, the lowest frequency recorded in the
first semester is 1 or 1.2% GWA range of 2.51-2.75 with a descriptive equivalence of passed
and in the second semester is 3 or 3.57% GWA range from 2.26-2.50 with a descriptive
equivalence of good.
In Academic Year 2020–2021, the highest frequency recorded was 39, or 46.43% in first
semester GWA ranges of 1.51–1.75 with a descriptive equivalence of very good and 37, or
44.04% in second semester GWA ranges of 1.76-2.00 with a descriptive equivalence of good.
The lowest frequency recorded in the first and second semesters, on the other hand, is 1 or
1.2% GWA range of 2.51-2.75 with a descriptive equivalence of passed.
In Academic Year 2021-2022, the highest frequency recorded is 44, or 52.38% GWA
ranges from 1.51-1.75 with a descriptive equivalence of very good. On the other hand, the
lowest frequency is 1 or 1.2% range of 2.51-2.75 with a descriptive equivalence of passed.

Fourth Year

Table 1G
Fourth Year Students General Weighted Average
N=90

General Frequency
Weighted A.Y. A.Y. A.Y. A.Y. Descriptive
Average 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022
Equivalence

First Second First Second First Second First

Semester Semester Semester Semester Semester Semester Semester

1.00-.1.25 1 Excellent

1.26-1.50 1 2 3 10 15 13 16 Very Good

1.51-1.75 25 27 24 34 28 43 31 Very Good
1.76-2.00 42 37 43 25 31 19 21 Good
2.01-2.25 16 21 16 12 11 8 13 Good
 2.26-2.50 6 2 3 8 3 5 8 Good
2.51-2.75 1 1 2 1 1 Passed

2.76-3.00 1 Fair

TOTAL 90 90 90 90 90 90 90

General Percentage (%)

Weighted A.Y. A.Y. A.Y. A.Y. Descriptive
Average 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022
Equivalence

First Second First Second First Second First

Semester Semester Semester Semester Semester Semester Semester

1.00-.1.25 1.11% Excellent

1.26-1.50 1.1% 2.22% 3.33% 11.11% 16.67% 14.44% 17.78% Very Good
1.51-1.75 27.78% 30% 26.67% 37.78% 31.11% 47.78% 34.44% Very Good
1.76-2.00 46.67% 41.11% 47.78% 27.78% 34.45% 21.11% 23.33% Good
2.01-2.25 17.78% 23.33% 17.78% 13.33% 12.22% 8.89% 14.44% Good
2.26-2.50 6.67% 2.22% 3.33% 8.89% 3.33% 5.56% 8.89% Good
2.51-2.75 1.11% 1.11% 2.22% 1.11% 1.11% Passed

2.76-3.00 1.11% Fair

TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Table 1G presents the General Weighted Average (GWA) of 90 fourth-year students. It

can be noted in the table that most of the students in Academic Year 2018-2019 got a frequency
of 42, or 46.67%, in the first semester; GWA ranges from 1.76-2.00 with a descriptive
equivalence of good; and 37, or 41.11%, in the second semester; GWA ranges from 1.76–2.00
with a descriptive equivalence of good. The lowest frequency recorded in the first semester, on
the other hand, is 1 or 1.1% GWA range of 1.26-1.50 with a descriptive equivalence of very
good and in the second semester is 1 or 1.11% GWA range from 2.51-2.75 with a descriptive
equivalence of passed.
In Academic Year 2019–2020, the highest frequency recorded was 43, or 47.78% in first
semester GWA ranges of 1.76–2.00 with a descriptive equivalence of good and 34, or 37.78%
in second semester; GWA ranged from 1.51–1.75 with a descriptive equivalence of very good.
The lowest frequency recorded in the first and second semesters, on the other hand, is 1 or
1.11%, with a GWA range of 2.76-3.00 in the first semester with a descriptive equivalence of fair
and 2.51-2.75 in the second semester with a descriptive equivalence of passed.
n Academic Year 2020–2021, the highest frequency recorded was 31, or 34.45% in first
semester GWA ranges of 1.76–2.00 with a descriptive equivalence of good and 43, or 47.78%
in second semester GWA ranges of 1.51–1.75 with a descriptive equivalence of very good. On
the other hand, the lowest frequency recorded in the first semester is 2 or 2.22% GWA range of
2.51-2.75 with a descriptive equivalence of passed, and in the second semester is 1 or 1.11%
GWA range from 1.00-1.25 with a descriptive equivalence of excellent and 2.51-2.75 with a
descriptive equivalence of passed.
In Academic Year 2021-2022, the highest frequency recorded is 31, or 34.44% GWA
ranges from 1.51-1.75 with a descriptive equivalence of very good. On the other hand, the
lowest frequency is 1 or 1.11% range of 2.51-2.75 with a descriptive equivalence of passed.

References:

Coleman, N., Mahaffey, T. Business Student Ethics: Selected Predictors of Attitudes Toward Cheating. Teaching Business
Ethics 4, 121–136 (2000).
Haines, V. J., Diekhoff, G. M., LaBeff, E. E., & Clark, R. E. (1986). College cheating: Immaturity, lack of commitment, and the
neutralizing attitude. Research in Higher Education, 25(4), 342–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992130

McCabe, D.L., Trevino, L.K. Individual and Contextual Influences on Academic Dishonesty: A Multicampus
Investigation. Research in Higher Education 38, 379–396 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024954224675