Biomolecules

Functions
Types of Biomolecules

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 What is Biomolecule?
• - these are organic molecules, not
fundamentally different from other
typical organic molecules
• - it contain mainly carbon, which
behaves as it always does in organic
compounds , forming 4 bonds, usually
with a tetrahedral arrangement
• - they are polyfunctional , containing
two or more different functional groups
which can influence each other’s
reactivity
 What are its Functions?

• energy storage (carbohydrates)

• catalyzing the biochemical
reactions(hormones)
• storing/ transmitting the
genetic codes (DNA/RNA)
• altering biological and
neurological activities
(neurotransmitter/hormones)
• materials for building new body
mass
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What are the importance of
Biomolecules in our lives?
It aids organisms to grow, sustain
and reproduce

They are involved in building

organisms from single cells to
complex beings like humans
The diversity in their shape and
structure provides diversity in
their functions
4 Categories of Biomolecules
Sources
Importance
Benefits
1. Carbohydrates

• Simplest biomolecule and called as

“SACCHARIDES”, which means
“SUGAR”
• A naturally occurring compound, or a
derivative of such compound, with
the general chemical formula
Cx(H20)y, made up of molecules of
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and
Oxygen (O).
5 Primary function of
Carbohydrates

• 1. energy production
• 2. energy storage
• 3. building macromolecules
• 4. sparing proteins
• 5. assisting in lipid metabolism

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 Importance of Carbohydrates in
the Body
• it provides the body with glucose, which
is converted to energy used to support
bodily functions and physical activity

Benefits of Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates help fuel the brain, kidney,
heart muscles, and central nervous system
Sources: Rice, Cereals, Potatoes, Fruits,
Pasta, vegetable and etc.
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arbohydrates%2F&psig=AOvVaw0I3RPYFo6nXqGinrOJ6x-
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 2. Lipids

• are molecules that contain hydrocarbons and

make up the building blocks of the structure
and function of living cells
• It is soluble in nonpolar solvents
• Made up of one glycerol molecule that is
joined to three molecules of fatty
acids(saturated/unsaturated or both) through
ester bonds
• Example of lipids include fats, oils, waxes,
certain vitamins(such as A, D, E, and K),
hormones and most of the cell membrane that
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Primary Functions of lipids

BODY FOOD
• Energy reserve - High energy source
• Regulate hormones - Smell, taste, texture,
satiety
• Transmit nerve impulses
• Cushion vital organs
• Transport fat-soluble nutrients

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Benefits of lipids Sources of Lipids

• Biochemical regulatory • Butter

system:
• Animal fat
- They can serve as
precursors for beneficial • Honey
biologically active • Avocados
compounds such as • Olive oil
prostaglandins steroids
hormones, and bile acids.

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3. Protein

• made from a long chain of these amino

acids, each linked to its neighbor
through a covalent peptide bond.
Proteins are therefore also known as
polypeptides. Each type of protein has a
unique sequence of amino acids, exactly
the same from one molecule to the next.
• consist of amino acids joined together
in long chains. About twenty different
amino acids make up proteins, and
proteins with similar compositions and
structures have similar functions.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26830/
Primary functions of Protein

1.Providing structure
2.Regulating body processes
3.Transporting materials
4.Balancing fluids
5.Helping with immunity
6.Providing energy

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• Benefits of Protein • Sources of Protein

• Eating high protein foods • Beans

has many fitness benefits
including: • Meat
- Speedy recovery after • Green leafy vegetables
exercise and/or injury • Meat
- Reducing muscle loss • Soy beans
- Building lean muscles • nuts
- Helping maintain a healthy
weight and curbing hunger
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-
eat/protein/
 4. Nucleic Acid
• Nucleic acids are polynucleotides—that is, long
chainlike molecules composed of a series of
nearly identical building blocks
called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a
nitrogen-containing aromatic base attached to a
pentose (five-carbon) sugar, which is in turn
attached to a phosphate group. Each nucleic acid
contains four of five possible nitrogen-
containing bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosi
ne (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U).
• naturally occurring chemical compound that is
capable of being broken down to yield phosphoric
acid, sugars, and a mixture of organic bases
(purines and pyrimidines). https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNu
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Primary functions of Nucleic
Acid

• gene expression
• regulation of cellular activities
• storage and transmission of
genetic information.

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-
technology/science/biology/nucleic-acids-and-chromatin/content-section-0?active-
tab=description-tab
• Benefits of Nucleic • Sources of Nucleic Acid
Acid
• Meat
• Foods rich in nucleic • Fish
acids can offer a variety
of benefits: • Seafood
- Stronger immune • Legumes
system • Mushrooms
- Improve digestion
- Quick muscle recovery

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Norline Joy M. Dulnuan Thankyou!
10-Masipag