GRAMMAR REVIEW – ENGLISH 11

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Unit 6: Global warming
Phân từ hoàn thành (having PII) Danh động từ hoàn thành (having PII)
- Chỉ hành động xảy ra trước hành động còn - Chỉ 1 hành động xảy ra và hoàn tất trước 1
lại. hanh động khác trong quá khứ, được thể
- Chỉ lý do cho hành động ở mệnh đề chính. hiện bởi động từ chính trong câu như:
Ex: Having collected all the necessary admit, deny, apologise ….for, accuse ... of,
information, he started writing his report. …..
Ex: He admitted having stolen my money.

Unit 7: Further education

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (have/has PII) Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn (have/has
been V-ing)
- Nhấn mạnh tới kết quả của hành động. - Nhấn mạnh tới hành động vẫn còn đang
- Ex: I have read this book. (the action is tiếp diễn.
completed) - I have been reading this book. (the action
- Nhấn mạnh số lần lặp đi lặp lại của hành isn’t completed.)
động. - Nhấn mạnh hành động không bị ngắt
Ex: I have written ten emails this afternoon. quãng.
Ex: I have been writing emails all afternoon.

Unit 8: Our World Heritage Sites

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng V-ing, PII và to V.
V-ing - Khi động từ ở mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng chủ động  bỏ đại từ quan hệ và đưa
động từ về V-ing.
Ex: Many students attending this college volunteer at the Heritage Museum.
(who attend)
PII - Khi động từ ở mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng bị động  bỏ đại từ quan hệ và to be,
 chỉ giữ lại quá khứ phân từ.
Ex: The ancient building destroyed by the fire is now under reconstruction.
(which was destroyed)
To V - Trong câu có the only, the last, the first, the second ….. hay so sánh hơn nhất
 Ta chuyển động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ về to V.
Ex: Bao Dai was the last king of Nguyen Dynasty to rule the country. (that
ruled)

PRACTICE
Question 1. Tourists _______ at the information desk couldn’t get tickets to the museum.
A. waited B. to wait C. wait D. waiting
Question 2. _________ near a chemical plant for many years, some villagers have now
developed cancer.
A. Have lived B. Having lived C. Lived D. Had lived
Question 3. ________ a workshop on nature conservation, James becomes more involved in
environmental activities.
A. Having attended B. Has attended C. Had attended D. Having been attended
Question 4. Lucy regretted _________ her household waste in the park near her house.
A. dumped B. to dump C. dump D. having dumped
Question 5. Like many of my classmates, I ________ English since secondary school.
A. have been learning B. learnt
C. had learnt D. would be learning
Question 6. My sister finished her postgraduate studies five years ago and she _______ at a
university for 6 months.
A. had taught B. have taught C. has been teaching D. is teaching
Question 7. He admitted ________ toxic chemicals in the manufacturing process.
A. used B. use C. to be used D. having used
Question 8. Visitors came to admire the relics _______ from the ancient buildings.
A. excavated B. excavate C. to excavate D. excavating
Question 9. The capital city of Ecuador was the first city _______ as a World Heritage Site
by UNESCO.
A. declare B. declaring C. to declare D. to be declared
Question 10. They accused Tom of _______ explosives to kill fish in the lake.
A. used B. being used C. use D. having used
Question 11. Linda thanked David for ________ useful feedback on her essay about global
warming.
A. give B. having given C. gave D. to be given
Question 12. The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, _______ in Thanh Hoa Province, was added to
UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2011.
A. locating B. located C. locate D. to locate
Question 13. The Complex of Hue Monuments, _______ along the Perfume River in Hue
City, is a good example of a well-designed capital city.
A. lied B. lie C. lying D. to lie
Question 14. She ________ medicine for years; she always wants to become a doctor.
A. has been studying B. have studied
C. had studied D. will be studying
Question 15. _________ from high school, Luke decided to take a gap-year to travel around
the world.
A. Graduated B. Has graduated C. Having graduated D. Having been graduated
Question 16. ________ a lot for the exam, we entered the exam room with absolute
confidence.
A. Prepared B. Prepare C. To be prepared D. Having prepared
Question 17. Nam ________ for interesting historical sites to visit for 2 hours.
A. have looked B. had looked C. is looking D. has looked
Question 18. ________ his tertiary education, Max became an interpreter.
A. Complete B. To complete C. Has completed D. Having completed
Question 19. He ________ a postgraduate course in the UK for more than 1 year to be well-
prepared for future work.
A. has been taking B. takes
C. has been taken D. had taken
Question 20. Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex, ________ as a World Heritage Site, is
very famous with both domestic and international tourists.
A. recognising B. recognise C. recognised D. to recognise
Question 21. Why don’t you take a break? You ________ online games all day!
A. had played B. have been playing
C. are playing D. played
Question 22. _______ down the forests to make way for farming, the locals now suffer
severe floods.
A. Have cut B. Had cut C. Cut D. Having cut
Question 23. He denied ________ lots of rubbish onto the beach.
A. having dumped B. dumped C. dump D. being dumped
Question 24. David was rewarded for ________ a 3-year-old child from drowning.
A. having saved B. saved C. to be saved D. having been saved
Question 25. The ancient house _________ two weeks ago suffered severe damage from the
flood.
A. refurbish B. refurbishing C. refurbished D. to refurbish