Qassim University

Unayzah College of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Problem Solving Session V

A cover of a pressure vessel is fastened to its flange by 6 bolts M18 as shown in Figure.
The stiffness of the bolt Cs = 300 KN/mm and of the tight parts Cp = 100 KN/mm. The
initial tightening force each bolt is 20 KN. The internal pressure of the vessel P = 10 MPa.
The material class of the bolt is 8.8 ( σy = 640 MPa, and σe =200 MPa).
a. Draw the force deformation diagram to scale for the connection showing all the
details of all force and deformation.
b. Calculate the factor of safety S of the bolts.
c. Find the leakage pressure.
 The Figure shows a cylindrical pressure vessel with 100 mm internal diameter. A
constant pressure of Pi = 10 MPa is stored inside the cylinder by two cover plates and
4 rigid bolts M20. The initial tightening force for each is Fi = 30 KN. The material class
of the bolt and tight parts is 6.8. The stiffness of the bolts and tight parts are Cs = 400,
Cp = 300 KN/ m, respectively.
a. Draw (to scale) the force deformation diagram for the connection showing all terms
of force and deformations.
b. Calculate the factor of safety the bolts and the leakage pressure.
c. Calculate the longitudinal stress acting on the cylinder before and after the effect of
the internal pressure.
The figure shows a steam valve fitted to a pipe supplying steam from a boiler to steam
engine. The max pressure 30 bar, stop valve opening 100 mm, orifice diameter of steam
valve 150 mm. The bolts have been carefully preloaded to 20 KN per bolt. The strength
class of the bolt is 8.8 with yield stress of 640 MPa, Cp=2Cs, Es= 2.1GPa.
I-Calculate the stiffness of the screw Cs.
II- Find the resultant force acting on the bolt and the tight parts.
III- Find the elongation of the bolts and the reduction of the tight parts after effect of
the steam pressure.
V- Find the factor of safety of the bolts based on the yielding strength.
VI- Find the leakage pressure.
The cover of a pressurised cylinder is attached by a self-energising seal and 6
identical bolts M10x1.5 of class 8.8. The fluid pressure is essentially ranged
between 6 to 15 MPa. A safety factor of three is required. The initial tightening
force each bolt is 30 KN. The stiffness of the bolt Cs = 200 KN/mm and of the tight parts
Cp = 400 KN/mm. Find;
a. The mean and amplitude stresses acting on both bolt and tight parts.
b. Maximum and minimum deformations of both bolt and tight parts.
c. Draw a complete force deformation diagram showing all details.
d. The suitable bolt diameter. (Endurance stress = 300 MPa)