CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: 02: FUEL AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: 01: THE FUEL AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIP
NAME: SELARIO, PRINCE CARL M. DATE OF SUBMISSION: 05/07/2022
ID NO.: 2022-06253-MN-0 PAGE NO: 01
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: DCvET 1-2 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 08

1. In your own words, define what is a fuel and how do they generate energy.

A fuel is a material that has a stored energy inside and must undergo a process
of combustion before it can be turned into energy that is in the form of heat. An
example is a gasoline that fuels vehicles to make it run and also the food that we eat
every day that gives us energy to move and do our daily tasks. Fuels already do
consist of elements that easily reacts with oxygen with the help of heat. Thus, the fuel
will produce heat energy with the presence of oxygen and heat.
Fuel, having combustible elements like carbon and hydrogen, will form bonds
with the oxygen in the air by the help of heat. As a result, heat energy will be produced.
For example, wooden sticks can produce fire by continuously rubbing one another
because friction between them can produce heat that will also made the carbon and
hydrogen atoms of wood react with the oxygen from the air.
 CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: 02: FUEL AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: 01: THE FUEL AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIP
NAME: SELARIO, PRINCE CARL M. DATE OF SUBMISSION: 05/07/2022
ID NO.: 2022-06253-MN-0 PAGE NO: 02
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: DCvET 1-2 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 08

2. Cite the different classifications of fuels. Explain the reason why they have different
energy values.

Fuels can be classified based on its phase. Solid fuels, liquid fuels and gaseous
fuels are the classification of fuels. Solid fuels include coal, coal char, peat, coke,
charcoal, wood, wood wastes and biomass. Some examples of liquid fuels are liquid
petroleum fuels and nonpetroleum fuels such as tar sands, oil shale, and coal-derived
fuels. On the other hand, natural gas, hydrogen gas, acetylene, and miscellaneous
fuels like oil gases, reformed gases, blue water gas and coal gas are considered as
gaseous fuels.
Compression ratio is the ratio between the maximum volume of a mixture at the
beginning of compression stroke to its maximum volume as a fully-compressed mixture
at the end of compression. Higher compression ratio corresponds to higher combustion
ratio and also to higher energy value. Solids are less compressible than liquids and
liquids are less compressible than gas. So, gaseous and liquid fuels produces higher
energy value than that of solid fuels.
 CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: 02: FUEL AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: 01: THE FUEL AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIP
NAME: SELARIO, PRINCE CARL M. DATE OF SUBMISSION: 05/07/2022
ID NO.: 2022-06253-MN-0 PAGE NO: 03
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: DCvET 1-2 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 08

3. Define what is octane number and discuss its relationship with engine knocking.

Fuel’s octane number or rating is the measure of the fuel’s ability to resist
knocking, Higher octane number signifies higher resistance to engine knocking. Fuels
that consists of highly branched alkanes are assigned with high octane numbers and
also means that they can be burned effectively with less chances of being knocked. On
the contrary, fuels consisting of unbranched alkanes have more possibility to knock.
 CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: 02: FUEL AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: 01: THE FUEL AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIP
NAME: SELARIO, PRINCE CARL M. DATE OF SUBMISSION: 05/07/2022
ID NO.: 2022-06253-MN-0 PAGE NO: 04
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: DCvET 1-2 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 08

4. Discuss the relationship of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics to energy
production from fuels.

First Law of Thermodynamics state that energy cannot be created nor destroyed
but can be transferred in other forms. Combustible elements in the fuel like hydrogen
and carbon will react with oxygen if heat is applied to form heat energy. Combustible
elements and oxygen being the raw materials and the heat energy as the product. The
number of atoms of same element in the side of raw materials must be equal to the
number of atoms of same element in the side of the product to conserve the energy or
raw materials to their respective products.
Second Law of Thermodynamics state that the entropy of any isolated system
always increases. It also states that when energy is converted from one form to
another, it is degraded. The thermal energy is taken randomly and is transformed into
ordered work by going against the Second Law. It only shows how efficient we are at
converting energy from fuels to a useable source of power.
 CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: 02: FUEL AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: 01: THE FUEL AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIP
NAME: SELARIO, PRINCE CARL M. DATE OF SUBMISSION: 05/07/2022
ID NO.: 2022-06253-MN-0 PAGE NO: 05
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: DCvET 1-2 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 08

5. Look for any food label and calculate the total energy that it can provide.

FUDGEE BAR QUANTITY ENERGY CONTENT

FAT 7g 9
CARBOHYDRATES 22 g 4
PROTEIN 2g 4

9 𝑐𝑎𝑙 4 𝑐𝑎𝑙 4 𝑐𝑎𝑙

Total energy = (8 𝑔 × ) + (22 𝑔 × ) + (2 𝑔 × )
𝑔 𝑔 𝑔

= 72 cal + 88 cal + 8 cal

= 168 cal
The total energy that one pack of Fudgee Bar can give is 168 cal.
 CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: 02: FUEL AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: 02: THE APPLICATION OF STOICHIOMETRY IN COMBUSTION REACTIONS
NAME: SELARIO, PRINCE CARL M. DATE OF SUBMISSION: 05/07/2022
ID NO.: 2022-06253-MN-0 PAGE NO: 06
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: DCvET 1-2 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 08

1. Distinguish which among the following chemical reactions is (are) combustion

reaction(s):
a. 2𝐻2 + 𝑂2 → 2𝐻2 𝑂
b. 2𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3 → 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 + 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂
c. 2𝐶12 𝐻26 + 37𝑂2 → 24𝐶𝑂2 + 26𝐻2 𝑂
d. 𝐶3 𝐻6 𝑂 + 4𝑂2 → 3𝐶𝑂2 + 3𝐻2 𝑂

a. Combustion reaction
b. Decomposition reaction
c. Combustion reaction
d. Combustion reaction
 CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: 02: FUEL AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: 02: THE APPLICATION OF STOICHIOMETRY IN COMBUSTION REACTIONS
NAME: SELARIO, PRINCE CARL M. DATE OF SUBMISSION: 05/07/2022
ID NO.: 2022-06253-MN-0 PAGE NO: 07
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: DCvET 1-2 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 08

2. During combustion, if nitrogen is present in the original fuel, it is converted to 𝑁2 , not

to a nitrogen-oxygen compound. Write the balanced combustion equation of the fuel
dinitroethylene, whose formula is 𝐶2 𝐻2 𝑁2 𝑂4 .

𝐶2 𝐻2 𝑁2 𝑂4 + ____ → 2𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝑁2

To make the chemical equation balanced, we must make the coefficient of

𝐶2 𝐻2 𝑁2 𝑂4 to 2 and multiply is it also to every molecules in the right side of the equation.
Also we must add 𝑂2 to the dinitroethylene.

2𝐶2 𝐻2 𝑁2 𝑂4 + 𝑂2 → 4𝐶𝑂2 + 2𝐻2 𝑂 + 2𝑁2

 CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS – LECTURE ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT

LESSON NO. & TITLE: 02: FUEL AND ENERGY

UNIT NO. & TITLE: 02: THE APPLICATION OF STOICHIOMETRY IN COMBUSTION REACTIONS
NAME: SELARIO, PRINCE CARL M. DATE OF SUBMISSION: 05/07/2022
ID NO.: 2022-06253-MN-0 PAGE NO: 08
YEAR/COURSE/SECTION: DCvET 1-2 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 08

3. 100 grams of water was produced from the complete combustion of naphthalene
(𝐶10 𝐻8 ). Calculate for the initial volume of the fuel in liters. Assume that it is stored in a
container under a pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of 25°C.

Given:
Mass of 𝐻2 𝑂 = 100 g
Naphthalene (𝐶10 𝐻8 )
P = 1 atm
T = 25°C
Required:
Volume (V) of naphthalene
Solution:
𝐶10 𝐻8 + 12 𝑂2 → 10 𝐶𝑂2 + 4 𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐻2 𝑂 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶10 𝐻8
no. of moles of 𝐶10 𝐻8 = 100 𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2 𝑂 × ×
18 𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂 4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂

no. of moles of 𝐶10 𝐻8 = 1.39 moles

PV = nRT

𝑛𝑅𝑇
𝑉=
𝑃
𝐿−𝑎𝑡𝑚
1.39 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶10 𝐻8 × 0.08205 ×(25°𝐶+273.15)𝐾
𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾
𝑉=
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚

𝑉 = 34 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
Naphthalene must have an initial volume of 34 L in order to produce 100 g of water.