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3 Simple emergency
light circuit | Many
ideas Mini and 12V
By Apichet Garaipoom August 16, 2017 1 Comment

This is the first Mini emergency light circuit of my son. It

is tiny small,  use LED display when power outage, use a
transistor instead relay use AA battery charger.  And you
can see other circuits that bigger and useful than this
one.

Let’s get a start.

How it works
As Figure 1; Tiny emergency Light circuit use a few parts
include the two AA nickel-metal hydride batteries, for
store enough energy to drive a small lamp.
It works like the general emergency light; it fixtures are
used to automatically provide lighting in the event of a
power outage.

1. The charger section electrical energy storage in

normal conditions.
2. The controller to drive the lamps light up when is
power outage.

The tiny emergency light are also special, do not uses

the relay to ON-OFF the lamp. But use the transistor, it
acts as the switch ON-OFF instead, may be called a
solid-state emergency light was.

Working began from AC power is fed into the circuit.

To fuse F1 as a blocker than the current flow may be

caused by the mistakes of the circuit.

The transformer T1 will reduce the AC voltage 220V to

lower about 6 volts. The AC low voltage will be rectified
by diode D1 as half rectifier form. Then DC voltage will
flow to resistor R1 and D2 to the battery. The charger
current of circuit will set at 55 mA

When plugged into the circuit, the LEDs are not lit.
Because the base lead of transistor Q1 get Reverse Bias
has higher voltage than the emitter leads. The transistor
will “OFF” own conduct. But when the power outage at
the base leg voltage is reduced.

He does not uses the lamp because he does not has

them, but he use the red super bright LED instead.

Since resistor R2 full down pull current makes transistor

“ON” have current flow from the battery. Makes LED glow
up. The current from battery will do not feedback to the
transformer. Because there is diode D2 block the current
by connected the reverse bias between the battery and
transformer.

Parts you will need

Q1: BD140, PNP transistor

C1: 470uF 16V, Electrolytic capacitors
R1: 22 ohms 1W
R2: 560 ohms
D1,D2: 1N4007 Diode
T1: 6V 0.5A transformer
and other

How to build
He makes this circuit on universal PCB Board as Figure 2
to Figure 4. Because it is easy circuit.
Easy to put parts on perforated PC board

Soldering pins
Cut lead of parts

But you build it on PCB you can use PCB layout as Figure
5 Actual-size of Single-sided Copper PCB layout
and Figure 6 is the components layouts

Because we do not have a 2 AA battery holder. We so

soldering wires directly as Figure 7
and use electrical tape as Figure 8.

To short-circuit protection
Drilling for mounting LEDs, they use only 3 LEDs,
because of the low power consumption.
Install all parts to the versatile box. Then use hot glue
stick. the LED legs with the box.

Look inside this machine

How to use and application

He installs this corridor. He tested the device without
connecting to power. If the battery power is normal and
the normal LED. The LEDs will be lit up immediately.

But when the plug and LEDs are not illuminated. The
charge current can be checked from voltage across the
resistor R1 is calculated by the Ohm’s law.

I (current) = E (voltage) / R (resistance)

Assuming the voltage drop across the resistor R1 (22

ohms) at 1 volts charging current values are equal:
= 1 volts / 22 ohms
= 0.045 Amperes
or equals 45mA
This circuit uses the charging current 50-60mA.

When building this project completed Try it together as

video below.

Tiny emergency light circuit

Simple emergency light

circuit with charger
This is Simple emergency light circuit with charger that
light on 30 minutes after the power outage, so use
normal transistor as base of circuit.

At the time of power failure. Especially during the night.

Many people do not like the dark. Emergency lighting
systems on the market, it has expensive. We make a
emergency lights with a simple electronic circuit. But it is
enough to use it to some degree. This circuit makes light
bulbs for nearly 30 minutes after the power outage.
As Figure 1 First of circuit that use to drive the lamp,
which consists of a transistor that work as switches, by
has Q1 is driver. The transistor -Q2 acts as the signal
amplifiers for provides to lamps- LP1-LP3 glow up.

Figure 1 the 30-minutes-emergency-lighting

The second is the ac line voltage detector and the

battery charger. By transistor-Q1 will open circuit when
voltage from AC line power still. (at its base will has
voltage not exceeds 0.7V) and when not have voltage
from power supply Q1 will close switch down, cause the
lamps glow.

The low voltage power supply can be build the low

voltage transformers of center trap type. And rectifier
diode D1-D4 to the secondary of transformer. which has
0V another position.

If voltage of AC line power still, the first positive half

cycle side, current will flow through the transformer to
fuse and through battery. which is A nickel-metal hydride
battery to charge the battery by current is limited with R3
current will flow back to point 0V through diode D1 or D2

Another half cycle later. current will flow like the first half
cycle. but will flow to transformer by through Diode D3 or
D4. The driver transistor will still hold switch off.

When not have ac line power (power outage) current will

flow from the positive polarity of battery through
resistors-R1 to bias to base of Q1, cause Q1 conduct
current, Q2 so also conduct current. The lamp so glow
up as during time equals voltage of battery still which
about nearly 30 minutes

How to builds
This project use a normal components so can assemble
on the universal PCB board. With the wiring and various
components can view of the example in Figure 2. We
should check carefully the polarity of the electrolytic
capacitors, diodes, transistor correctly.

The components list

0.5W Resistors
R1-100 ohms
R2-33 ohms
R3-10 ohms, 2W Resistor
C1-100uF 25V Electrolyte capacitors
D1-D4-1N4001, 50V 1A Diode
Q1-BC546
Q2-BD135
LP1-LP3-Lamp, 3.5V 300 mA
The LED emergency light
circuit without a transformer
This mini LED emergency light circuit without
transformer is used to automatically give lighting when
ac line power goes out. Which they consist of one lamp,
a battery, and a low voltage sensor. This project’s design
takes advantage of simple circuit techniques and cheap.

Special feature:
1. Small-sized: output with 2.4V 5W lamp or 3V LED and
a 3V battery.
2. No transformer is so Lightweight and easy to build.
3. No relay so be Silent and small.
4. etc.

How it works

To begin with, we use a 4-5V dc power supply without a

transformer. Next, the AC 220V input to passed trough
R1 to cut current down and D1 to rectifier AC to DC in
half-wave type. Then, the dc pulse or fluctuating signal is
smoothed with C1-capacitor. Which has voltage dropped
across of 4.5Vdc

And then SW1 is used to turn on-off the next circuit as a

sensor, control, battery charger, and lamp circuit. First of
all, in normally power the lamp go out not light since
current pass to R4 to the base of Q1 cause it is bias so
high current flow through D2-diode, R5-resistor to
collector-emitter of Q1. Thus not has a current bias to
the base of Q2, Q3 ( Darlington transistor) cause they do
not conduct current, so not has current pass Lamp, it so
not light.

And later the power AC line goes out, So not has current
through S1, and then current from 3V battery not current
through D2 be due to diode not allow current as is a one-
way street. It will not work if you put it in backward. And
making Q1 does not work.

But this battery current will flow to R5 through base Q2,

Q3 they so bias current is a result of high current flow to
Lamp glow light up at once.

Friends can use Nicad Battery or NiMH battery the size is

1.2V x 2 gives the light has just enough. This circuit can
charge automatically battery.

Recommended:

Try simple FET Preamplifier circuit (Very high

impedance)

Uses of capacitors | Capacitance | RC circuit time

constant and Coupling

Simple transistor intercom circuit

How to build
This circuit is easy for you so can build them with
yourself on a universal PCB board.

The detail components

Q1,Q2,Q3: C9014,C9013, 0.8A 50V, NPN transistor

D1: 1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes
D2: 1N4004 400V 1A Diodes
L1: 2.4V 5W Lamp
L2: Neon Lamp
S1: Slider Switch
C1: 47µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitors
0.5W Resistors, tolerance: 5%
R1: 220K
R2: 33K, 1W resistors
R3: 10K
R4: 1K
R5: 15K
B1: 3V battery (AA 1.2V)

Note: However, this circuit is not suitable for practical

applications. Because of the small size 

12V emergency light circuit

using D313
If you ever feel annoyed when power failure while
working or business. and in an important area. Such as
the way up the ladder and in the bathroom could be
dangerous, or shops at night you might be case it gets
stolen the products. Emergency lighting is necessary to
replace the main light during a power failure.

An internal emergency light circuit will have battery

backup. As usual, This circuit will charge to store in
batteries. But when the electricity fails, it does the
opposite is the battery will discharge into a lamp to
provide light immediately.

How circuit works

Simple battery charger circuit with voltage charging.
The complete emergency lighting circuit is shown as a
circuit diagram below. Which core of the circuit is a
simple charging system.

– Start the electricity AC220V 50Hz of the house is

entered through F1 (Fuse 1 Amp) to prevent damage. If
the circuit malfunction.
– Later, pass through the switch S1 is turned on-off
circuit.
– And the transformer T1 converts the voltage from
AC220V to AC15V that voltage is also AC.
– When passed to the set of 4 diodes bridge D1-D4 into
the direct current voltage (DC).
– But the electric current is not smooth, Therefore the
capacitor C1 is a smoothing filter power up.
– LED1 be used to display the power-on of the circuit
which R1 is a current limiting that suitable for LED1.
– The DC electric current to the transistor Q1 is
connected as a regular circuit. To control both the
voltage and current properly. For charging the battery.
– The diodes D5 prevents the flowing back of the
battery’s current into the circuit again.
– The voltage regulated is controlled to a constant, by
value diode, Zener ZD1 15.6V, with the output voltage will
be 15V (low voltage of the Zener diode 0.6V).

– While battery voltage is zero volts or no power, R3 is

used to set the maximum current of the circuit is about
500mA.

– the circuit will charge the current battery steadily When

the voltage of the battery, the charging current is
reduced.

– Until the battery voltage is 13.8V or to full charge. The

charger will not stop charging circuit as other
But current is flowing through the battery charge is low
at about 100mA. To compensate for the loss of the
battery to full power always.
– Normal relay contacts to the battery charging circuit.
As any power failure, it will switch to battery connected
to a load or a light bulb instead. And before to cutting the
S2 switch on the lights to activate or not. When the
electric current failure up.

How to build
You can make PCB as Figure 2 is a simple layout. Then
you put all parts in PCB as components layout on Figure
3 which easy to really build. Please check error for wiring
and various components or see carefully for is the
polarity of the electrolytic capacitors and Diodes,
transistor, lamp, transformer, and more.

Figure 2 The PCB layout.

Figure 3 the components layout

You may be packing all the equipment into the same box.
With key ingredient is the B1 battery voltage 12V. In the
prototype, the current size there is 4 AH, is the battery of
sealed lead acid. It does not have any maintenance
throughout the lifespan. It is more expensive than
conventional batteries.
The transistor Q1 – 2SD313 is TO220 case, Vce=50V, Ic
= 3A, power=25W. 2SD235 2SC1061 2SC789.

The tests and using

After operates the circuit is complete into the box. Now
that you the test used.

– This circuit is plugged into a powerhouse. Then turn on

the power switch S1 can hear the relay(RY1) click , start
to connect the battery to the charging circuit and LED1
lights display power on.

– When switch off S1 to relay to the battery to the load

and LED1 will off. Show that section cutting is loaded
with circuit running. I will try to test the circuit. By the
Connect the battery and the load circuit terminals to the
output.

Then plug in the power cord about 1 hour, (if the battery
is not charging). Try turning the power switch S1 current
flows from the battery to the load. If the load is a lamp, it
lights up. But 12V a lamp may not light up, do not panic.
Because the battery is not charged until full. Must be
plugged in for about 10-12 hours.

After that, try to cut off power switch S1 again. The lamp
will be fully lit. If the test results show that both battery
and charging circuit is functioning properly. You can find
the right position to get it.

Here are a few related circuits you may find helpful, too:

Transistor series voltage regulator with overload

and short circuit protection

Universal nicd and nimh battery charger using

LM317T

What is switching power supply vs linear, how does

it work?

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Last updated on July 13, 2021

Apichet Garaipoom
I love electronic circuits. I will collect a
lot of circuit electronics to teach my
son and are useful for everyone.
Thanks for your support.
 View All Posts

1 Comment

APURBA KUMAR HATI Reply

November 23, 2017, 6:27 am

Very nice,how to get attach with you

to get like this circuits.

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