AUTOMATIC LED EMERGENCY M.

Noman Khalid
(17TC17)
LIGHT SYSTEM AND HEAT SENSOR Hafiz Muhammad Talha Sattar
(17TC19)
COMPONENTS:
9V step down transformer
Diode bridge-1A
7808 Voltage regulator
Light dependent resistor -2M ohm
IRF540 MOSFET transistor
BC548 PNP transistor
DC battery-6V, 4.5Ah
Pot-10k
4 high bright LED’s -3V@15mA
Red LED
1n4007 Diodes -1
Electrolytic Capacitor-47uF
Ceramic Capacitor-0.1uF
1k resistor-2
10 ohm resistor-2
10k resistor-1
THEORY:
This is the simple and cost effective automatic emergency light circuit with light sensing. This system charge
from main supply and gets activated when main supply is turned OFF. This emergency lamp will work for
more than 8 hours.

Here step down transformer is used to reduce input AC voltage to low AC voltage. Diode Bridge is use to
convert input AC voltage to pulsating DC. Here capacitor C1 is use to remove the ripples from the rectified
DC. LED D1 indicates the main supply and resistor R1 is use to protect the LED D1 from high voltage.

In this circuit transistor Q1 switches states white LED’s based on the supply as well as light conditions. The
output of LDR is connected to the base of transistor Q1 to switch the transistor based on the light conditions.
The collector terminal of the transistor Q1 is connected to the gate of MOSFET to switch white LED’s
according to the conditions.
In this circuit voltage 7808 is used to regulate voltage and current. This IC has built in current limiting circuit.
The output of this voltage regulator is positive 8V.
2 white LED’s are connected in series, so two white LED’s glow with the current that is required for a single
LED. As a result energy is saved. For a white LED we need a minimum of 3V and maximum of 20mA current.
HOW TO OPERATE AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY LIGHT
CIRCUIT?
Give the connections according to the circuit diagram.
While giving the connections, take care in such a way that there is no common
connection between AC and DC supplies.
Apply the main supply to the circuit, now you can observe that LED’s will not glow and
battery will charge.
Remove the AC supply and place the circuit in dark, now LED’s will glow.
If you place the circuit in light, then LED’s turns OFF.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THANKS