READING COMPREHENSION

PHƯƠNG PHÁP ĐIỀN TỪ VÀO BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU

I) NGUYÊN TẮC CHUNG:
1. Xác định từ loại cần điền cho chỗ trống trong bài và tìm từ có từ loại tương ứng để điền vào chỗ trống.
2. Dựa vào hàm ý và văn phong của đoạn văn để suy luận ra từ cần điền.
II) CÁC BƯỚC Cụ THỂ:
1. Đối với chỗ trống nằm giữa mệnh đề ở vị trí chủ ngữ:
2. Với chỗ trống đầu câu theo sau có dấu phẩy (,), điền adverbs (unfortunately/ actually/ suddenly/
obviously/ consequently/ surprisingly/ however/ therefore/ moreover/ next/ recently/ nowadays…)
3. Chỗ trống giữa hai mệnh đề , điền liên từ ( because/ after/ when/ while/ although…)
4. Chỗ trống giữa hai mệnh đề ngay sau danh từ cần bổ nghĩa, dùng đại từ (who/ whom/ which/ that…)
Hướng dẫn kĩ năng làm bài đọc hiểu
SKIMMING
Skimming là gì?
Là đọc lướt qua tất cả các ý chính của bài essay chứ không đi sâu vào nội dung của bất kỳ đoạn nào. Bạn thực
hiện phần đọc này nhanh chóng bằng cách đọc qua tiêu đề để thấy nội dung bài viết, đọc các topic sentences và
concluding sentences
Khi mà đoạn văn quá dài và thời gian thì có hạn. Skimming giúp bạn đọc được nội dung chính cũng như quan
điểm mà tác giả muốn nếu lên trong từng đoạn, xem tác giả đang phản đối, đồng tình hay trung lập, nắm bắt
được những thông tin quan trọng qua đó quyết định được bạn nên đi sâu vào đọc đoạn đó hay không.
Các bước để thực hiện skimming?
+ Đọc phần title của bài viết, sau đó đọc đoạn mở đầu để xác định được nội dung chính trong bài viết.
+ Đọc các câu chủ đề của từng đoạn, các câu chủ đề này thường là câu đầu tiên của bài text. Nhưng đôi khi đoạn
văn lại được mở đầu bằng câu hỏi hay câu dẫn dắt, thì khi đó topic sentence lại thường nằm cuối đoạn.
+ Đọc vào đoạn văn, chú ý trả lời các câu hỏi who, what, which, where, when, why. Những từ quan trọng
trong đoạn văn các bạn nên nắm bắt thường được ẩn nấp dưới dạng danh từ, số từ, các từ được in đậm hay viết
hoa.
Đọc từ trên xuống dưới và từ trái qua phải với một tốc độ nhanh. Đây là đọc lấy ý nên các bạn không nên bỏ
qua bất cứ đoạn nào của bài để “lướt” cho nhanh vì như vậy sẽ rất dễ bị mất ý.
SCANNING
Scanning là gì?
Là đọc nhanh bài viết thật nhanh với mục đích tìm kiếm dữ liệu, thông tin cụ thể cần thiết cho việc trả lời câu
hỏi. Scanning được áp dụng cho các dạng bài như True – False – Not given, multiple choices, complete the
summary…..
Scanning được áp dụng khi cần tìm kiếm các dữ liệu trong bài viết như tên riêng, số liệu, ngày tháng, hoặc các
cụm từ mà không cần nắm được nội dung của bài text.
Các bước cần có khi scanning?
+Phân tích cách tổ chức bài khóa trước khi bắt đầu scanning.
+ Luôn luôn định hướng và ghi nhớ trong đầu rằng bạn đang tìm kiếm thông tin gì. Và định hướng đó là loại
thông tin gì, danh từ riêng hay số từ, ngày tháng …. Càng định hình được dữ liệu cụ thể, bạn càng đỡ mất thời
gian.
+ Bạn cần xác định xem thông tin đó có trong đoạn nào của bài viết theo trí nhớ có được sau phần skimming và
“quét” một lượt để định vị chính xác vị trí của thông tin cần tìm. Thông tin có thể được sắp xếp theo vần hay
theo thứ tự thời gian vì vậy bạn có thể căn cứ vào điều này để xác định dễ dàng hơn.
+ Dừng lại trước thông tin cần tìm và đọc những câu có liên quan đến thông tin đó để bắt gặp được điều mà tác
giả đang muốn hỏi người đọc và trả lời câu hỏi. Bạn cần thực sự chú ý vào các cấu trúc câu phức được dùng
trong bài viết vì nó rất dễ khiến bạn bối rối và nhầm lẫn đó.
Nên đọc scanning như thế nào?
Đưa mắt thật nhanh nhìn vào nhiều dòng cùng một lúc.
Khi tìm thấy thông tin hãy dừng lại và đọc toàn bộ câu hay đoạn chứa thông tin
PASSAGE 1:
Rain forests cover less than six percent of the earth’s area, but they have 100,000 kinds of all the kinds of
plants on the earth. Three-fourths of known kinds of plants and animals call the rain forest their home. Twenty
percent of our different kinds of medicine comes from rain forests. The glues on an envelope and in shoes come
from tropical plants. Rain forests provide materials for hundreds of other products.
Rain forests are also very important to the world’s climate. The Amazon rain forest alone receives about
thirty to forty percent of the total rainfall on the earth and products about the same percentage of the world
oxygen. Some scientists believe that the decreasing size of rain forests will affect the climate on the earth,
making it uncomfortable or even dangerous for life.
Saving rain forests is an international problem. One country, or even a few countries, cannot solve the
problem alone. The nations of the world must work together to find a solution before it is too late.
1. What percent of the earth’s area do rain forests cover ?
A. Only 6 percent B. 20 percent C. less than 6 percent D. over 6 percent
2. How many known kinds of plants and animals call the rain forests their home ?

A. B. C. D.
3. What percent of the total rainfall on the earth does the Amazon rain forests receive ?
A. about 20 to 30 B. less than 30 C. exactly 30 to 40 D. about 30 to 40
4. According to some scientists, what will the decreasing size of rain forests affect on the earth?
A. oxygen B. climate C. plants D. only animals
5. According to the passage, what must the nations of the world do to find a solution?
A. work together B. work alone C. save rain forests only D. save their lives

PASSAGE 2:
Wild animals (and wild plants) and the wild places where they live are seriously threatened almost
everywhere. One species has become extinct in each year of this century. But many hundreds are now in danger.
Lack of attention would lead to the rapid advance of the process of extinction.
Already many kinds of wild animals has been so reduced in number that their role in the ecosystem is forgotten.
Animals like the great apes, the whales, seals etc. thought to be in danger of extinction.
But even more important, perhaps than individual kinds of animals and plants, whole habitats are in danger of
vanishing: marshes are being drained, and the world forests, especially tropical forests are being cut down to
satisfy man’s needs of timber and paper.
What would our world be like if all the wild animals and wild plants vanished? - Would our life still exist
then?
1. What would happen to the human beings if the wild life vanished?
A. Many species would quickly become extinct. B. The human life would be seriously
threatened.
C. Species would go on dying out. D. Tropical forests would be cut down.
2. What is more important than individual kinds of animals and plants?
A. the vanishing of whole habitats. B. the extinction of many species.
D. man’s need of timber and paper. C. the rapid advance of the process of extinction.
3. What does the writer caution us against?
A. cutting down the tropical forests. B. hunting wild animals.
C. draining marshes. D. destroying our environment.
4. What would happen if we cut down forests?
Cutting down forests would cause ……………..
A. the changes of temperature. B. the flood
C. both A and B are correct. D. none are correct.
5. “To threaten” in the passage means …………..
A. to pollute B. to give fear to C. to vanish D. to poison
PASSAGE 5: WHY PEOPLE WORK
 All of us know that we have to work hard to earn a living ourselves and to support our family. However,
we work not only for material life but also for many things that are beyond gaining money. We are working to
affirm our ability on a certain field. We feel self-reliant, self-confident, and proud because we are financially
independent.
Anyone who works is regarded as a useful member of society. We are working that means we are
contributing useful goods and services to our country.
Working helps us train our skills and talents. We always try our best to do a good job. The better we work, the
more money we earn and that motivate us to work harder. Without working, a man’s life will be empty,
purposeless and meaningless and it is easy for a lazy jobless man to do wrongs.
1. We have to work hard _____
A. because we are forced to B. to make our material life better
C. to make ourselves purposeless D. All are correct
2. Besides money, ________________.
A. we can get many other benefits from work B. we can get some salary from work
C. we sometimes feel very meaningless D. we can not contribute anything to our country
3. The more we work _____ .
A. the duller we feel B. the less we earn
C. the more we contribute to society D. A and B
4. What motivates us to work harder? - ______.
A. good job B. good pay C. good way D. good skills
5. Without working, one's life is _______.
A. better B. more confident C. self-reliant D. meaningless
PASSAGE 6:
Many people discriminate one skin colour from another, especially between the white and the black. In some
states in America, the coloured people don’t have the same rights as the white people. Coloured people are badly
treated in some areas of the world and some are even killed because of their colour.
1. What do many people discriminate?
A. colour B. skin C. hair colour D. skin colour
2. Where do the coloured people not have the same rights as the white people? – In _____.
A. Africa B. Asia C. Australia D. some states in America
3. How are the coloured treated?
A. They are not badly treated. C. They are badly treated.
B. They are fair treated. D. They are well treated.
4. How are some other coloured people?
A. They are killed. C. They are hired.
B. They are trained. D. They are loved.
PASSAGE 8:
Most of the people who like films are only interested in the leading actor or actress when they enjoy a
film. It seems to them that only the actors or actresses have made the film successful. They always pay attention
to(1) their appearance, performance, and fashion. There are many film viewers who have no awareness (2) of the
other people’s work to make a film. A finished film is, actually, the result of the collaboration of many persons,
and the most important among them are the scriptwriter, the cinematographer, the film editor, the actor, and the
director. Especially, in some thrilling scenes, the roles of stuntmen (3) are very important. They are always in
danger(4) when they are acting; some of them are even badly hurt or dead. But what a pity, many film viewers
rarely appreciate their work.
1. To many film viewers, ……
A. the director is the most important C. no one is more important than the leading actor or actress
B. the stuntmen play the most important role D. the most important person is the cinematographer
2. Many film viewers always pay attention to ……
A. the director’s name and appearance C. the actors’ and actresses’ appearance, performance, and fashion
B. the leading actors’ or actresses’ family D. the pictures taken by the cinematographer
3. A finished film is the result if the collaboration of ……
A. many people B. the actors C. the actresses D. the director
4. There are …… most important individuals in making a film.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
5. The work of stuntmen is ……
A. secure B. dangerous C. interesting D. thrilled
PASSAGE 9
In advertising the term media (1) refers to communication vehicles(2) such as newspapers, magazines, radio,
television, billboards, direct mails, and the Internet. Advertisers use media to convey (3) commercial messages to
customers. In 2001, the U.S. expenditure (4) in media was estimated at $ 233.7 billion, of which television
accounted for(5) 22.5%, direct mail 19.8%, newspapers 19.3%, radio 7.7%, magazines 4.7%, and the Internet
1.8%, with other media accounting for the remainder. Newspapers, magazines, radio and television are
considered mass media because they deliver advertisements to every customer. In 2000, in the U.S., there were
1,483 daily newspapers, 3,188 magazines, 1,248 commercial television stations and 10,220 commercial radio
stations. The wide coverage of the mass media makes them ideal vehicles for advertisers who need to reach a
large number of customers.
1. The word “communication vehicles” means ……
A. direct mails and the Internet C. newspapers, magazines, radio, TV, billboards
B. motorbikes and bicycles D. a and c
2. Advertisers use media to ……
A. buy goods B. send messages C. get information D. advertise their goods
3. In 2001, the U.S. advertising expenditure through the Internet was ……
A. the biggest C. as much as it was on TV
B. the smallest D. as much as it was on newspapers
4. Newspapers, magazines, TV and radio are considered ……
A. mass media B. useless media C. the most expensive D. the least expensive
5. How many magazines were there in the U.S. in 2000?
A. 1,483 B. 3,188 C. 1,248 D. 10,220
PASSAGE 10
A new study(1) shows that women can reduce(2) their chances(3) of developing heart disease by jogging for
about three hours every week. The researchers at Harvard University Medical in Boston have just reported the
results(4) of the study on the New England Journal of Medicine. The study is the first to show the effectiveness (5)
of jogging in the developing of heart disease in women. Only a few earlier studies have examined the effects of
jogging on the heart, but nearly all have been done on men. The new study involves more than 72,000 women
between the ages of forty and sixty-five during a period of eight years. The researchers have found that women
who jog at least three hours a week have a thirty to forty percent lower chance of suffering a heart attack (6) than
those who do not.
1. The new study is about ……
A. men and heart attack C. the effect of jogging to reduce heart attacks on women
B. men and jogging D. medicine in Harvard University
2. Who have done the research?
A. The journalists on the New England Journal of Medicine
B. The researchers at Harvard University Medical in Boston
C. Women between the ages of forty and sixty-five
D. Some joggers
3. How many hours should women jog at least a week to reduce heart attacks?
A. 3 B. 40 C. 65 D. 72
4. Most of the early researches have been done on ……
A. babies B. children C. women D. men
5. How long does the new research take?
A. 3 years B. 8 years C. 10 years D. 12 years
PASSAGE 11
It is estimated(1) that about 200 million people use the Internet around the world. Most people use it to get
information(2) or for entertainment. A new study, however, says that almost 6% of Internet users are using it so
often that it is seriously harming (3) their lives. The study says these people may find it difficult to stop using the
Internet because they have become addicted(4). Someone who is addicted finds it extremely difficult to stop an
activity. According to Mr. Greenfield, a psychologist, 30% Internet users say that they use the Internet to
escape(5) from problems or emotions. The study also shows that having discussions with strangers in Internet
areas called “chat rooms” is one of the most addictive activities.
1. Most people use the Internet ……
A. for getting information C. a and b are correct
B. for entertainment D. a and b are incorrect
2. Some people use the Internet so often that ……
A. it is seriously harming their lives C. they become more and more intelligent
B. it is good for their mind D. they become computer programmers
3. When someone is addicted to the Internet, they ……
A. can’t stop using it easily C. can stop using it easily
B. can get rid of it D. will become intelligent
4. According to Mr. Greenfield, 30% Internet users use the Internet ……
A. for entertainment C. for getting information
B. for chatting D. for escaping from problems and emotions
5. One of the most addictive activities is ……
A. chatting B. setting programmes C. getting information D. playing chess
PASSAGE 12
According to many experts, violence (1) carried out by the victim’s (2) family members is the most common
kind of violence against females(3). It is called domestic(4) violence. A new report says domestic violence is one
of the worst kinds of human rights violations. Such action affects the emotional (5) and physical health of victims.
Domestic violence can also be psychological(6). Victims of repeatedly psychological violence say emotional
torture(7) and living in fear(8) are worse than physical mistreatment (9). Domestic violence happens because of sex
discrimination(10). Males are considered more important in parts of South Asia, North Africa, the Middle East and
China. In some countries, women are considered the property of men. Several men feel that they have the right to
punish women in their family. Domestic violence also includes preventing women from getting higher education
or medical care. The people who carry out domestic violence should be punished strictly for their acts.
1. Domestic violence is ……
A. one that is carried out by the victim’s family members against females
B. one that happens between criminals
C. physical punishment at school
D. physical punishment for naughty boys
2. Domestic violence affects ……
A. the victim’s social position
B. the victim’s friendship
C. the victim’s emotional and physical health
D. the victim’s education
3. Domestic violence happens because of ……
A. sex discrimination B. pollution C. financial difficulty D. race discrimination
4. According to victims of psychological violence, ……
A. physical mistreatment is worse than emotional torture and living in fear
B. psychological violence is not a big problem
C. emotional torture and living in fear are worse than physical mistreatment
D. emotional torture is worse than living in fear
5. In some countries, ……
A. men are considered more important then women
B. women are considered men’s property
C. men feel they have the right to punish women in their family
D. all are correct
PASSAGE 13
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, known to the world as Mark Twain, was the son of a lawyer (1) in the State of
Missouri. He was born in 1835. When he was five years old, he was sent to school. He did not like school but
had many friends and was their leader. In summer when school was over, the boys spent many hours on the
river. As Mark Twain said later, many events in “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” really took place (2) and the
characters were from his real life. Tom Sawyer was the portrait (3) of the writer; Huckleberry Finn was his friend,
Tom Blankenship; Aunt Polly was his mother; Tom’s brother, Sid, was like his brother Henry. The novel was
published in 1876. It is now known to children and grown-ups(4) all over the world.
1. What was Mark Twain’s father’s job?
A. a writer B. a lawyer C. a teacher D. an adventurer
2. Mark Twain started school in ……
A. 1835 B. 1836 C. 1876 D. 1840
3. Mark Twain ……
A. didn’t like school B. work hard at school C. liked school very much D. did well at school
4. What did he usually do in summer?
A. He enjoyed reading. C. He spent the holidays on the Mississippi River.
B. He prepared for the next school year. D. He worked as a fisherman.
5. The characters in “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” were ……
A. boring B. from his imagination C. from his real life D. a and c
PASSAGE 15
One of the most urgent environmental problems in the world today is the shortage of clean water. Having
clean drinking water is a basic human right. But acid rain, industrial pollution and garbage have made many
sources of water undrinkable. Lakes, reservoirs and even entire seas have become vast pools of poison. Lake
Baikal in Russia is one of the largest lakes in the world. It contains a rich variety of animals and plants, including
1300 rare species that do not exist anywhereelse in the world. But they’re being destroyed be massive volumes
of industrial effluent which pour into the lake everydat. Even where law existed, the government didn’t have the
power to enforce them. Most industries simply ignore the regulations. The Mediterranean Sea occupies 1% of the
world’s water surface. But it’s the dumping ground for 50% of all marine pollution. Almost 16 countries
regularly throw industrial wastes a few miles off shore.
Water is free to everyone. A few years ago, people thought that the supply of clean water in the world
was limitless. Today, many water supplies have been ruined be pollution and sewage. Clean water is now scarce,
and we’re at last beginning to respect this precious source. We should do something now !
36. According to the writer, one envirinmental problem in the world today is ___.
A. acid rain B. industrial pollution
C. safe water shortage D. population explosion
37. Many sources of the water are not drinkable because of ___.
A. acid rain B. industrial pollution
C. garbage D. all are correct
38. What’s a serious problem of Lake Baikal in Russia ?
A. It contains a rich variety of animals and plants.
B. It’s polluted be massive volumes of industrial wastes discharged into it.
C. It has 1300 rare species that do not exist anywhere wlse in the world.
D. The government didn’t have the power to enforce laws and regulations.
39. How many countries throw industrial wastes into the Mediterranean Sea regularly?
A. nearly 16 B. exactly 16 C. exactly 15 D. less than 15
40. What’s the message to the readers ?
A. We should take action to protect our water resources.
B. We should take all water resources into account.
C. We should limit the use of water resources.
D. We should encourage people to use safe water.
Exercise 1:
Our family has got many books. All the (1) of our family buy books and read them. My mother says that books
help us in self-education. In ancient times books (2) written by hand. It was difficult to write a book (3)
a pen. Then printing came into our life. Printing played an important (4) in the development of literature
and culture. Now there are a lot of books in the shops, there are many books in our flats. But it is difficult to buy all
books (5) we want to read. That’s why we get books in public libraries. There are some problems in our life and
sometimes it is difficult to (6) them. I think that books can help us.
Last year I read a very interesting book “An American Tragedy” by Theodore Dreiser. This novel was (7)
at the beginning of the 20th century. The novel (8) the tragic fate of a boy and a girl, Clyde and
Roberta (9) name. It is a sad story. This novel was written many years ago, but it is (10) nowadays. Books
must be our friends during our life.
1. A. members B. partners C. groups D. relates
2. A. are B. were C. have D. had
3. A. in B. by C. with D. at
4. A. step B. stage C. chain D. role
5. A. who B. which C. when D. where
6. A. deal B. imagine C. create D. solve
7. A. published B. presented C. opened D. constructed
8. A. writes B. prescribes C. describes D. mentions
9. A. on B. by C. of D. with
10. A. amazing B. favorite C. popular D. worth
Exercise 2:
Desert biomes are the (1) ______ of all the biomes. In fact, the most important characteristic of a desert is that
it receives very little (2) ______. Most deserts receive less than 300 mm a year compared (3) ______ rainforests,
which receive over 2,000 mm. That means that the desert only gets 10 percent of the rain that a rainforest
gets! The temperature in the desert can (4) ______ drastically from day to night because the air is (5) ______ dry that
heat escapes rapidly at night. The daytime temperature averages 38°C (6) ______ in some deserts it can get down to
-4°C at night. The temperature also varies greatly depending on the (7) ______ of the desert.
Since desert conditions are so severe, the plants that live there need to have (8) ______ to
compensate
for the lack of water. Some plants, such as cacti, (9) ______ water in their stems and use it very slowly, while others
like bushes conserve water by growing few leaves or by having large root systems to gather water or few leaves.
Some desert plant species have a short life cycle of a few weeks that (10) ______ only during periods of
rain.
1. A. coldest B. hottest C. driest D. wettest
2. A. rain B. rainfall C. raindrop D. raincoat
3. A. with B. for C. about D. in
4. A. change B. exchange C. transform D. transfer
5. A. such as B. such C. so much D. so
6. A. when B. while C. as D. because
7. A. part B. region C. area D. location
8. A. adaptations B. agreements C. accepts D. achievements
9. A. place B. put C. store D. hold
10. A. spend B. take C. last D. experience
Exercise 3:
On the evening of February 3rd people in Japanese families (1)_____ one dried bean for each year of their
age and throw the beans on the floor, shouting “Good luck in! Evil spirits out!” This is (2)_____ as
“Setsubun”, a time to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring.
Before the Chinese New Year, many Chinese families burn the picture (3)_____ their kitchen god, Tsao Chen, to
bring good luck. When New Year’s Day (4)_____, they put a new picture of Tsao Chen on the wall. When
American women get (5)_____, they sometimes follow an old custom in choosing what (6)_____ on their wedding
day. The custom says the bride must wear “something old, something new, something borrowed, and
something blue.” This is to bring good luck.
Before Lent (a time on the Christian calendar), the people of Ponti in Italy, eat an omelet (7)_____ with 1000 eggs.
People cannot eat meat or dairy products during Lent, so they try (8) _____ these things before Lent
begins.
When winter ends in Czechoslovakia, children make a straw man called “Smrt”, (9) _____ is a figure of death. Then
they burn it or throw it in the river. After they destroy it, they carry flowers home (10) _____ the arrival of spring.
1. A. takes B. took C. take D. taking
2. A. know B. knows C. knowing D. known
3. A. of B. in C. on D. at
4. A. come B. comes C. came D. coming
5. A. marry B. marries C. married D. marrying
6. A. to wear B. wear C. wears D. wearing
7. A. make B. making C. to make D. made