EXAMPLE OF UH

ex.a. One inch of rainfall excess falls onto a watershed in one hour and yields following "unit Hydrography".
what is the hydrograph if a precipitation event yield the rainfall excess below (Assume abstruction of 0.3 inch/hour)

HYDROGRAPH

Time 1 2 3 4
PPT 0.5 1 1.5 0.5

Time(hr) flow(cfs)
0 0
1 10
2 100
3 200
4 150
5 100
6 50
Rianfall Excess=precip-Abstraction
SOLUTION
Hytograph(rain vs time)
Time(hr) 1 2 3 4
precip(in) 0.5 1 1.5 0.5
abstruction(in) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Rainfall Excess(in) 0.2 0.7 1.2 0.2

Resulting runoff hydrograpwhat was rainfall excess during hour

1 2 3 4 Sum
Time(hr) 0.2 0.7 1.2 0.2 Runoff(cfc)
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0 2
2 20 7 0 0 27
3 40 70 12 0 122
4 30 140 120 2 292
5 20 105 240 20 385
6 10 70 180 40 300
7 0 35 120 30 185
8 0 0 60 20 80
9 0 0 0 10 10
10 0 0 0 0

Runoff hydrography
450
400
350
300
off,Q(cfc)

250
200
 Runoff hydrography
450
400
350
300

Runoff,Q(cfc)
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time(hr)
g "unit Hydrography".
abstruction of 0.3 inch/hour)
Example b Discharge rate for the 2 _hr unit hyddrograph shown fig

Time(hr) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Q(cfc) 0 100 250 200 100 50 0

Develop hourly ordinate of the total hydrograph resulting from a 4-hr design
storm having the following excess amount

Hour 1 2 3 4
excess(in) 0.5 0.5 1 1

SOLUTION
4-hr duration of the design storm is an integer multiple of the unit
hydrograph duration.Thus,the total hydrograph can be found by adding the
contibution of two 2-hr icrement of end-to-end

The first 2-hr storm segment has 1.0 in.of net rain and thus produse a unit hydrograph

The second 2-hr storm segment has 2.0 in.of net rain (in 2 hr ); and thus its ordinate
are twice those of a 2-hr UH.The total hydrograph found by summing the two contribution at correspondin

Note in fig that runoff from the second storm begins when the second rain begins,not at the beginning of sto

Time(hr) Q(cfc) 1st to 2 hr UH( 2nd to 4 hr U T0tal 4 hr Uh

0 0 0 0
1 100 100 100
2 250 250 0 250
3 200 200 200 400
4 100 100 500 600
5 50 50 400 450
6 0 0 200 200
7 100 100
8 0 0

Time(hr) 1st to 2 hr 2nd to 4 hr UH T0tal 4 hr Uh

0 0 0
1 100 100
2 250 0 250
3 200 200 400
4 100 500 600
5 50 400 450
6 0 200 200
7 100 100
 8 0 0

600

500 500 700

600
400 400
500

300 1st 2-hr UH 400

2nd 4-hr UH
300
250
200 200 200
200 200

100 100 100 100

100 100
50 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 0
6 7 8 9

Contribution of each 2-hr storm

 i

ntribution at corresponding time

,not at the beginning of storm

 Total UH
700

600 600

500
450
400 400 Total UH

300
250
200 200

100 100 100

0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Total design hydrograph

Example c
The derived 2_hr unit hydrograph are shown in table and determine
DRO hydrograph for a 4_hr storm having the following excess rain amount

Time(hr) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
UH 0 8.5 84.8 331 379 229 129 65

Hour 1 2 3 4
Excess rain, in 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2

Solution
1. Tabulate the unit hydro graph at intervals of the selected time interval, /:"t,as shown
2.Determine the correct DR multiplier for each X-hr interval. Because X is
2 hours for this example, the first two hours of the storm produce a total net
rain of 1.4 inches. Similarly, the last two hours of the storm produce 2.4 inches of net rain
1.4 2.4
Contribu
Effective Unit tion of Total
rain hydrograp Contrib of second outflow
Time(hr) fall(in) h (cfc) first 2 hr rain 2hr rain hydrograph Time 1st 2-hr
UH*1.4 UH*2.4 cfc 0 0
0 ….. 0 0 0.00 1 11.9
1 0.7 8.5 11.9 11.90 2 118.72
2 0.7 84.8 118.72 0 118.72 3 463.4
3 1.2 331 463.4 20.4 483.80 4 530.6
4 1.2 379 530.6 203.52 734.12 5 320.6
5 229 320.6 794.4 1115.00 6 180.6
6 129 180.6 909.6 1090.20 7 91
7 65 91 549.6 640.60 8 49.42
8 35.3 49.42 309.6 359.02 9 6.86
9 4.9 6.86 156 162.86 10 0
10 0 0 84.72 84.72 11
11 11.76 11.76 12
12 0 0.00

1200 2nd 2 hr storm 1st 2 hr storm

Total for 4 hour storm

1000

800

600

400

200

0
600

400

200

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
 8 9 10
35.3 4.9 0

2nd 4-hr Total

0
11.9
0 118.7
20.4 483.8
203.52 734.1
794.4 1115
909.6 1090
549.6 640.6
309.6 359
156 162.9
84.72 84.72
11.76 11.76
0 0
EXAMPLE ON S-CURVE

One inch of rainfalls during 2 hours (tR) and yield the following hydrograph
What is the hydrograph if one inch of rainfall during 4 hour(t'R)?
Procedure
1. Create the S-curve
2. Lag by(tR)
3. Substract the lagged S-Curve from the original C-Curve
4. Divide the result by t'R/tR

Time(hr) 2-hr uh(cfc) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

0 0
2 69 0
4 143 69 0
6 328 143 69 0
8 389 328 143 69 0
10 352 389 328 143 69 0
12 266 352 389 328 143 69 0
14 192 266 352 389 328 143 69 0
16 123 192 266 352 389 328 143 69 0
18 84 123 192 266 352 389 328 143 69 0
20 49 84 123 192 266 352 389 328 143 69 0
22 20 49 84 123 192 266 352 389 328 143 69 0
24 0 20 49 84 123 192 266 352 389 328 143 69
26 0 0 20 49 84 123 192 266 352 389 328 143
0 0 20 49 84 123 192 266 352 389 328
0 0 20 49 84 123 192 266 352 389
0 0 20 49 84 123 192 266 352
0 0 20 49 84 123 192 266
0 0 20 49 84 123 192
0 0 20 49 84 123
0 0 20 49 84
0 0 20 49
0 0 20
0 0
0

450

400 2-hr uh 2500

350 4-hr UH
2000
300

250
Q(CFC)

1500
FC/IN)

200
 450

400 2-hr uh 2500

350 4-hr UH
2000
300

250

Q(CFC)
1500

Q(CFC/IN)
200

150
1000
100

50 500

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIME(HR) 0
0
 Lagged 4-
hr
Lagged by hydrograp 4-hr
12 S-Curve S-Curve h UH
0 0 0
69 69 34.5
212 0 212 106
540 69 471 235.5
929 212 717 358.5
1281 540 741 370.5
1547 929 618 309
1739 1281 458 229
1862 1547 315 157.5
1946 1739 207 103.5
1995 1862 133 66.5
2015 1946 69 34.5
0 2015 1995 20 10
69 2015 2015 0 0
143 1946 2015 0
328 1803 2015 0
389 1475 1946 0
352 1086 1803 0
266 734 1475 0
192 468 1086 0
123 276 734 0
84 153 468 0
49 69 276 0
20 20 153 0
0 0 69 0
0 0 20 0
0 0
0 0
2500

2000
S-CURVE

Lagged s-
1500 curve
FC/IN)

2-HR
 2500

2000
S-CURVE

Lagged s-
1500 curve
Q(CFC/IN)

2-HR
1000
4-her

500

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIME (HR)
EXAMPLE
Given the following 1 in./hr S-hydrograph, determine the IUH and then
use it to estimate a 1-hr UH

Time in (hr 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

S-curve(cfc) 0 50 200 450 500 650 700

Solution

The IUH is found using Qr(IUH)=1/ The slope at time t is approximated

i𝑑𝑄/𝑑𝑡
by (∆𝑄⁄∆ I.e([Qt+0.5-Qt-0.5]/∆t)
𝑡)
excel computation Note s-curve is constant after time = 4 hr which means 800

Time in hr S-curve IUH=∆Q/(IΔt) IUH

0 0 0 900
0.5 50 200 800
1 200 400 700
600
1.5 450 300
500
2 500 200
400
2.5 650 200
300
3 700 100
200
3.5 750 100 100
4 800 50 0
0 1 2 3 4
4.5 800 0
5 800

The 1-hr UH is obtained from using Qt(x-hr UH)=1/2(IUHt+IUHt-x)

2
Time IUH final IUH for t-1 1-hr UH is Qt
1 400 0 200
2 200 400 300
3 100 200 150
4 50 100 75
5 0 50 25
6 0 0 0

450

400

350

300

250 IUH final

200 IUH for t-1
1-hr UH is Qt
150

100
350

300

250 IUH final

200 IUH for t-1
1-hr UH is Qt
150

100

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 3.5 4
750 800

me = 4 hr which means 800

IUH

S-curve UHG
IUH

1 2 3 4 5 6