Repairing & maintenance for flooring

damages.

Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or

for the work of installing such a floor covering. Floor covering is a
term to generically describe any finish material applied over a floor
structure to provide a walking surface. Both terms are used
interchangeably but floor covering refers more to loose-laid materials.

Flooring may be of various types such as timber flooring, Indian

patent stone flooring, terrazzo flooring, mosaic flooring, etc.

The method of repair would be different according to the cause of

damage and type of flooring system.

Common defects in concrete floors:

· The problems such as random cracking, scaling, pop outs and slab
settlement can be controlled by good construction.

· Followings are the different types of floors and their common

damages.

 Tile Etching:

People tread on floors holding food and beverages and many times,
they end up spilling. Etching is corroding of tile which generally
happens when an acidic substance penetrates into the surface. Acidic
beverages like coffee, tea, vinegar, etc can easily spill on your
flooring leading to etching. You may find some whitish spots or stains
on the surface caused by acidic cleaners or liquids.

Solution:
Never use acidic cleaners or home remedies, like vinegar, lemon or
such other products to clean floors. In case of acidic spills such as
acidic fruit juices or spills from ods with low pH, then never spread
the spills to wipe them. Instead, use a blotting paper to blot the liquid
and then use a soft cloth to clean the surface.

If your surface has been etched, the best solution to fix it is to use a
robust and alkaline-based cleaner that removes dense stains easily. If
the etching is deep, then you can fix it by polishing. Polishing floor
tile with a clear topical oil based product will help remove all the
etching stains and restore your surface just like new.

 Floor Stains:

Stains are common on all kinds of floorings. Spills, dirts, grime and
grease can make a surface stained. Stains can penetrate deeper inside
the surface or form dense patches on the floor depending upon the
nature of the tile. People install beautiful tile, such as natural stone,
non natural stone, ceramic, porcelain and other tile to raise the
aesthetic value of their surfaces. If the right care is not taken, these
tiles will easily be accessible to stains, making the floor look
unsightly.
Solution:

Prevention is the best solution for floor stains. But, spillage is

inevitable. To prevent the stains from causing severe damage, the
only solution is to seal floor tile and grout with exquisite solvent
based sealers, which not only coat the surface, but also waterproof the
floor.

For stains that have already occur ed, you must use a robust and deep-
penetrating cleaner to remove floor stains that also do not damage the
integrity of the surface. Use a penetrative cleaner that is of high-
quality and that easily soaks into various tile, like natural stone, non-
natural stone, Ceramic and Porcelain, and grout to eliminate the
damages from the root.

 Tile Floor Scratches and Impact Damage:

It is inevitable for your flooring to come in contact with some heavy

objects and get scratched. Heavy furniture can sometimes also leave
dents on the tile. Scratches also form when a tile flooring comes in
contact with a sharp tool or an abrasive cleaner. These rough edges
not only ruin the aesthetics of your flooring, they are also very
harmful for those who walk barefoot on these sharp corners. These
may form because of impact of heavy furniture or poor underlayment
at the time of installation. Furthermore, these holes accumulate water
and lead to mold and mildew breeding as well.

Solution:
You can prevent scratches on your flooring by ensuring that you do
not use pointed tools on its surface. For example, it is best to use a
chopping board for cutting fruits and vegetables on natural stone
countertops to prevent scratches. When placing or shifting heavy
furniture on your tile, it is best to lift it and then place it on the
required place. Do not slide heavy furniture on your natural stone
floorings if you want to avoid impact damage.

To fix scratches and impact damage that has already been done, you
can polish the surface with epoxy/resin sealers. These help to remove
the scratch marks and restore your surface just like new.

 Mold and Mildew:

Mold and mildew breeds in any surface that is damp. While it is

possible to clean mold breeding that is visible on the top of a floor
tile, it is not possible to monitor mold breeding within the pores of
porous surfaces. If not checked in due time, mold and mildew can
lead to eye infections or respiratory problems. Mold and mildew may
also breed in cracks and pits formed floor tile and grout, as these cuts
accumulate water.
Solution:

To avoid mold and mildew make sure that there is no dampness

within the pores of a porous floor surface. Also, ensure that there is no
water stagnation in the cracks or pits on the floor tile. To prevent
mold and mildew formation, the ideal method is to clean the surface
thoroughly and then seal it with a waterproof sealant that shuts the
pores and forms a protective barrier on the stone, thereby preventing
water absorption. Mold and mildew can be removed by using
penetrating cleaners. If you find pits and cracks on the surface, you
should repair these first using pigmented flexible solvent-based
epoxy/resin adhesives that render seamless and permanent repairs on
your tile surface. Once repaired, proceed to sealing the tile to prevent
any further possible damage.

 Tile and Grout Cracks:

Grout and tile may develop cracks due to heavy impact, use of acidic
cleaners or due to improper sealing. When you use acidic cleaners, it
weakens the structure of soft grout and leads to grout cracks.
Sometimes, tile may develop cracks, pits or holes due to heavy
furniture or improper underlayment at the time of installation.
Solution:

To prevent cracks in your grout, you should use colored grout sealers
that seal the surface and also keep it’s integrity intact. But cracks are
sometimes inevitable on the tile. Be careful while handling costly
floor tile and do not ignore the slightest cracks formed.

Grout and tile cracks should be sealed with pigmented solvent based
flexible epoxy/resin adhesives. New age adhesives available on the
markets today can be pigmented in more than 40 color options, thus
making it possible for you to repair the cracks and grout in a seamless
way. After repairing, you should first seal the grout and then the tile
to preserve their integrity for long.

Heat Damage:

This happens when you place hot vessels directly from the stove on
the floor tile. This causes etching marks or heat damage on the
surface.

Solution:

You can prevent heat damage by always placing a coaster or a heat-

resistant material first and then placing the hot vessel on it.

Polishing the floor tile can take away the impact or marks of heat
damage. Experts use high-quality clear resin topical sealers that add a
lovely sheen and lustre to the surface, making the heat damage marks
less visible.
 Action Plan
SR.NO. Detail of Plan Plan Name of
activity start finished responsible
date date team
members
1 Formation of 1ST MAR 1ST MAR All Members
group member 2021 2021
2 Introduction 3th MAR 4 MAR
TH
All Members
with team 2021 2021
member
3 Discussion to 6TH MAR 8TH MAR All Members
select topic 2021 2021
4 Topic selected 9 MAR
TH
11th MAR Ayush Salve
M.S word 2021 2021
5 Collecting 11TH 13TH MAR Om Gaikwad
information of MAR 2021
the topics 2021
6 Planning how 15TH 18TH MAR Prathmesh
to make project MAR 2021 Marne
2021
7 Proposal 19TH 20TH MAR Ayush salve
making MAR 2021
2021
8 Rough project 20TH 23RD MAR All Members
is shown to MAR 2021
mam and done 2021
some
correction
9 Project 23RD 29TH MAY All Members
submission MAY 2021
2021
 Resource Required

Sr.no. Name of resource Specification Qty. Remarks

1. notebook and Source of
textbook information
2. Teachers reference Collected
information
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. / Ms Ayush Sunil Salve Roll No. 325 of
Sixth semester of diploma in Civil Engineering of Institute, E.S.S.P
(Code: 0083) has completed the term work satisfactorily in course
Maintenance And Repairs Of Structures(22602) for the academic
year 2021 to 2022 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Enrollment No:1900830022

Date : Exam seat No:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal of
Seal of

Institution
Institution