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  • 10.3 Gene Pools

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    Phillip Watson
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    A gene pool is the total collection of genes and alleles within an interbreeding population. The frequency of alleles in a population can change over generations due to genetic drift or natural selection. [1] Genetic drift causes random changes in allele frequencies, especially in smaller populations, through population bottlenecks and founder effects. [2] Natural selection alters frequencies through environmental pressures, including stabilizing selection which favors intermediate traits, directional selection which pushes a population toward one extreme, and disruptive selection which favors both extremes. [3] Together, genetic drift and natural selection influence how a gene pool changes over time.

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    A gene pool is the total collection of genes and alleles within an interbreeding population. The frequency of alleles in a population can change over generations due to genetic drift or natural selection. [1] Genetic drift causes random changes in allele frequencies, especially in smaller populations, through population bottlenecks and founder effects. [2] Natural selection alters frequencies through environmental pressures, including stabilizing selection which favors intermediate traits, directional selection which pushes a population toward one extreme, and disruptive selection which favors both extremes. [3] Together, genetic drift and natural selection influence how a gene pool changes over time.

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    7 views1 page

    10.3 Gene Pools

    Uploaded by

    Phillip Watson
    A gene pool is the total collection of genes and alleles within an interbreeding population. The frequency of alleles in a population can change over generations due to genetic drift or natural selection. [1] Genetic drift causes random changes in allele frequencies, especially in smaller populations, through population bottlenecks and founder effects. [2] Natural selection alters frequencies through environmental pressures, including stabilizing selection which favors intermediate traits, directional selection which pushes a population toward one extreme, and disruptive selection which favors both extremes. [3] Together, genetic drift and natural selection influence how a gene pool changes over time.

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    Topic 10.

    3: GEnE POOLS
    Gene Pools Allele Frequencies

    Evolution is the change in the allele frequency within a gene pool Genetic drift changes the composition of a gene pool due
    over several successive generations to random / chance events within the population
    •  There is higher drift in smaller populations (faster change)
    A gene pool is the sum total of all the genes (and the alleles) •  There is lower drift in larger populations (greater stability)
    that are present within an interbreeding population
    Natural selection changes the composition of a gene pool
    The allele frequency refers to the relative proportion of a due to environmental selection pressures
    particular allele within a population •  Selection may be stabilising, directional or disruptive

    Genetic Drift

    Population Bottlenecks Founder Effect


    •  Population bottlenecks occur when an event reduces the •  The founder effect describes the establishment of a new
    population size by an order of magnitude population by a fraction of a larger existing population
    •  Surviving population has less genetic variability ( drift) •  The new population has less genetic variability ( drift)

    Original New Original New

    Types of Selection

    Stabilising Selection Directional Selection Disruptive Selection


    •  When an intermediate phenotype is •  When one phenotypic extreme is •  When both extremes are favored at
    favored at the expense of extremes selected at the cost of the other the expense of the intermediate
    •  Operates when conditions are stable •  Operates when conditions change •  Operates when conditions fluctuate
    •  Example: Human birth weights •  Example: Antibiotic resistance •  Example: Moth pigmentation
    ⇨ Too large = birth complications ⇨ Antibiotic = resistance ⇨ Pigmentation = camouflage
    ⇨ Too small = high infant mortality ⇨ No antibiotic = susceptibility ⇨ Benefit depends of conditions

    Stabilising Selection Directional Selection Disruptive Selection

    Directional
    Selection
    Frequency

    Frequency
    Frequency

    Favours one
    extreme
    Shifts distribution
    left / right

    Culls extreme variations Favours one extreme Favours both extremes


    Narrows width of distribution Shifts distribution left / right Creates bimodal distribution

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