MODAL VERBS
- Động từ khuyết thiếu là động từ nhưng lại không chỉ hành động mà nó chi giúp bổ nghĩa cho động
từ chính.
- Những động từ khuyểt thiếu này có thể dùng chung cho tẩt cả các ngôi và không chia theo thì. Các
động từ theo sau động từ khuyểt thiếu này được giữ nguyên thể.
- Các động từ khuyết thiếu thường dùng là: CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, SHALL, SHOULD, WILL,
WOULD, MUST, OUGHT TO, NEED, HAVE TO.
CAN - diễn tả một khả năng (ability)
- Trong văn nói, CAN được dùng thay cho
MAY để diễn tả một sự cho phép
(permission) và thể phủ định CANNOT
được dùng để diễn tả một sự cấm đoán
(prohibition).
- CAN cũng diễn tả một điều có thể xảy đến
(possibility).
COULD - là thì quá khứ đơn của CAN.
- còn được dùng trong câu điều kiện 2,3.
- Trong cách nói thân mật, COULD được
xem như nhiều tính chất lịch sự hơn CAN.
COULD - WAS/WERE ABLE TO
*) Nếu hành động diễn tả một khả năng,
một kiến thức, COULD được dùng thường
hơn WAS/WERE ABLE TO.
*) Nếu câu nói hàm ý một sự thành công
trong việc thực hiện hành động (succeeded
in doing) thì WAS/WERE ABLE TO được
sử dụng chứ không phải COULD.
MAY / MIGHT - diễn tả sự xin phép, cho phép (permission)
- dùng diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra
hay không thể xảy ra.
- Dùng trong câu cảm thán MAY/MIGHT
diễn tả một lời cầu chúc
Can you swim?
She could ride a bicycle when she was
five years old.
In London buses you can smoke on the
upper deck, but you can’t smoke
downstairs.
Can it be true?
It surely can’t be four o’clock already!
He can’t have missed the way. I
explained the route carefully.
She could swim when she was five.
If you tried, you could do that work.
Can you change a 20-dollar note for me,
please?
He hurt his foot, and he couldn’t play in
the match.
The door was locked, and I couldn’t
open it.
I finished my work early and so was
able to go to the pub with my friends
May I take this book? - Yes, you may.
She asked if she might go to the party.
It may rain.
He admitted that the news might be
true.
May all your dreams come true!
1|Thu Huyen Nguyen
MUST - có nghĩa là "phải" diễn tả một mệnh lệnh
hay một sự bắt buộc.
- bao hàm một kết luận đương nhiên, một
suy luận hợp lý theo ý nghĩ của người nói.
- MUST NOT (MUSTN'T) diễn tả một lệnh
cấm.
Khi muốn diễn tả thể phủ định của MUST
với ý nghĩa "không cần thiết" người ta sử
dụng NEED NOT (NEEDN’T) / DON’T
HAVE TO
MUST và HAVE TO
- HAVE TO dùng thay cho MUST trong
những thì khác ngoai hiện tại.
MUST và HAVE TO đều có thể dùng để
diễn tả sự cưỡng bách, bắt buộc
(compulsion). Tuy nhiên MUST mang ý
nghĩa sự cưỡng bách đến từ người nói trong
khi HAVE TO mang ý nghĩa sự cưỡng bách
đến từ hoàn cảnh bên ngoài
SHOULD - dùng cho lời khuyên và tương đương với
ought to.
- Dùng thay cho must khi không muốn diễn
tả một ý nghĩa quá bắt buộc với must.
- Dùng trong câu ĐK 1
WILL / Dung trong thì Tương lai (simple future).
WOULD / diễn tả một sự mong muốn (willingness),
SHALL một lời hứa (promise)
một sự quả quyết (determination).
câu đề nghị, yêu cầu, lời mời
WOULD Tương lai trong quá khứ (future in
the past) hay các thì trong câu điều kiện.
WOULD diễn tả một thói quen trong quá
khứ. = used to.
OUGHT TO - Chỉ sự bắt buộc. Mạnh hơn "Should"
nhưng chưa bằng "Must".
DARE có nghĩa là "dám, cả gan" có thể được xem
như một động từ khuyết lẫn động từ thường.
You must drive on the left in London.
Are you going home at midnight? You
must be mad!
You have worked hard all day; you must
be tired.
You mustn’t walk on the grass.
Must I do it now? - No, you needn’t.
Tomorrow will be soon enough.
We shall have to hurry if we are going
to catch the twelve o’clock train.
I must work hard.
I have to wear uniform.
Passengers have to cross the line by the
bridge.
You should do what the teacher tells
you.
People who live in glass houses should
not throw stones. (proverb)
Members who want tickets for the dance
should apply before September 1st to
the Secretary.
All right; I will pay you at the rate you
ask. (willingness)
I won’t forget little Margaret's birthday.
I will send her a present. (promise)
Will you have a cup of coffee?
Would you like a cake?
He said he would send it to me, but he
didn’t.
If she were here, she would help us.
Every day he would get up at six o'clock
and light the fire.
He ought to (should) be ashamed of
himself.
If Alice left home at 9:00, she ought to
be here any minute now.
Dare he go and speak to her? (động từ
khuyết thiếu)
2|Thu Huyen Nguyen
 You daren’t climb that tree, dare you?
(động từ khuyết thiếu)
He doesn’t dare to answer my letter.
(động từ thường)
She didn’t dare to say a word, did she?
(động từ thường)
NEED - một động từ thường và một động từ khuyết Need he work so hard?
thiếu. You needn’t go yet, need you?
- nghĩa là "cần phải", tương tự như have to. You needn’t see him, but I must.
Vì thế nó cũng được xem là một loại phủ I hardly need say how much I enjoyed
định của must. the holiday.
CONTINUOUS Dùng cho phỏng đoán việc đang xảy ra:
MODALS May / can / might be Ving: có thể đang / có lẽ đang
Must be Ving: chắc là đang
Can’t be Ving: chắc chắn không thể đang
PERFECT MUST + HA VE + VP2: chỉ sự suy đoán logic dựa trên những hiện tượng có thật ở quá
MODALS khứ
SHOULD + HAVE + VP2: chỉ một việc lẽ ra đã phải xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vì lý
do nào đó
CAN'T + HAVE + VP2: chỉ những việc không thể đã xảy ra vì có căn cứ, cơ sở rõ ràng
NEEDN'T + HAVE + VP2: chỉ những việc lẽ ra đã không cần thiết phải làm nhưng đã
làm.
MAY/ MIGHT + HAVE + VP2: chỉ những việc có thể đã xảy ra nhưng không chắc
chắn.
COULD + HAVE + VP2: chỉ những việc lẽ đã xảy ra nhưng trên thực tế thì không
PHƯƠNG be necessary (for 0) + to-V = need / have to V
PHÁP BIẾN be unnecessary (for 0) + to- V = don't need / don’t have to V
ĐỔI CÂU be possible / impossible + to-V = can/ cannot + V / = may/might + V
TƯƠNG perhaps (có lẽ) = may/might
ĐƯƠNG it's better/it's time……= should
be not permited /be not allowed = mustn't

Exercise 1: Choose the best option for each sentence:

1. Twenty years ago, David _________ speak Arabic fluently. Now he’s forgotten a lot.
A. could B. might C. needed D. must
2. Jessica hasn’t made up her mind about whether to go to school. She ____ attend Duke University.
She just doesn’t know yet.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. needn’t D. can’t
3. This box isn’t as heavy as it looks. You _______ help me with it. Thanks anyway for offering to help.
A. must B. mustn’t C. might D. needn’t
4. You ________ play loud music at night. The neighbours will call the police.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. might not D. couldn’t
5. This library book is overdue. I _________ better return it today.
A. need B. must C. might D. had
6. Whatever ________ come, I will always be by your side.

3|Thu Huyen Nguyen

 A. must B. may C. could D. need
7. “______ you hand me that pair of scissors, please?”
A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Should
8. "Are these gloves necessary?" "Yes. You _____ use this chemical without gloves. It will burn your
skin."
A. must not B. don`t have to C. could not D. need not
9. Thomas received a warning for speeding. He _____ so fast.
A. shouldn’t have driven B. would have driven C. should have D. might have driven
10. The photos are black. The X-ray at the airport _____ them.
A. must have damaged B. would damage C. would have damaged D. should have damaged
11. I ______ be delighted to show you round the factory.
A. ought to B. would C. might D. can
12. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ______ have cost a fortune
A. must B. might C. will D. should
13. John still hasn’t come out. He ______ everything for the trip now.
A. will have prepared B. will be preparing C. must be preparing D. must have been
preparing
14. He was very lucky when he fell off the ladder. He _____ himself.
A. could have hurt B. should have hurt C. must have hurt D. will have hurt
15. Marcela didn’t come to class yesterday. She _____ an accident.
A. should have had B. might have C. must have D. may have had
16. My car stopped on the high way. It _____ out of gas
A. may run B. may have run C. must be D. should have run
17. Robert arrived without his book. He _____ it.
A. could have lost B. should have lost C. would have lost D. will have lost
18. “Where do you think Rooney is today?”. “I have no idea. He _____ late.”
A. should have slept B. would have sleep C. would sleep D. may have sleep
19. The children _____ “thank you” to you when you gave them their gifts.
A. will have said B. must say C. should have said D. should say
20. We _______ to take a taxi. Otherwise we’ll be late.
A. would rather B. had better C. must have D. will have
21. Those letters ________ now. You can do the typing later.
A. need typing B. needn't be typed C. need to type D. needn't typing
22. The museum is open to everybody. It ________ between 9am and 5pm.
A. visits B. visited C. can visit D. can be visited
23. The train ________ by bad weather. I am not sure.
A. might delay B. might be delaying C. might have delayed D. might have been delayed
24. The car ________ by Karen. The keys are still on the table.
A. must have taken B. can't have taken C. can't have been taken D. must have been taken
25. Two tablets ________ twice a day to have you recover from the illness quickly.
A. must take B. must be taken C. must have taken D. must be taking
26. Theresa walked past me without saying a word. She ________ me.
A. can't have seen B. can't see C. can't have been seen D. can be seen
27. The room is too dirty. It ________ now.
A. should clean B. should have cleaned C. should be cleaning D. should be being cleaned
28. Things ________ clear to them so that they can do the work in the way that you have told them.
A. are making B. ought to be made C. have made D. needn't be made
29. The package ________ carefully before it ________.
A. must be wrapped / is posted B. needs wrapping / will be posted
C. should wrap / is going to be posted D. will be wrapping / needs posting
30. The fire ________ by lightning.

4|Thu Huyen Nguyen

 A. must cause B. must be causing C. must have caused D. must have been caused
Find a mistake in the four underlined part of each sentence and correct it.
31. A (A) driver's license (B) can obtain from (C) the licensing Bureau (D) at the corner of Pine street.
32. When you are (A) on duty, (B) your uniform (C) must have been worn (D) at all times.
33. (A) A bald eagle (B) can distinguish from (C) other large birds by (D) is white head and white tail.
34. What I (A) told Tom (B) was a secret. He shouldn't have (C) been repeated it (D) to you.
35. There are many benefits that we (A) may be gained by (B) actually taking the time to read a book
(C) instead of sitting in front of the TV (D) or doing some other forms of mindless entertainment.

Exercise 2:
1. ‘Do you _____ chew with your mouth open like this? Geez, it’s making me sick watching you eat that
piece of pizza.
A. have to B. can C. should D. able to
2. I _____ speak Arabic when I was a child.
A. could B. can C. would D. should
3. I was reading the book last night before I want to bed. I never took it out of this room. It _____ be
lying here somewhere.
A. must B. should C. could D. can
4. - _____ I borrow you lighter for a minute? – Sure, no problem. Actually, you _____ keep it if you
want to. I’ve given up smoking.
A. Could/ may B. May/ could C. Could/ can D. Could/ could
5. If you are worried about your health, you _____ see a doctor.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
6. If you want to have a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you _____ walk downtown and explore
the waterfront.
A. have to B. will C. can D. could
7. ‘I’m sorry, sir. You _____ drink beer in here’
A. needn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. won’t
8. It _____ rain in the evening. Why don’t you take your umbrella?
A. could be B. might C. must D. had better
9. I’ve redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer
key. The answer in the book _____ be wrong!
A. have to B. must C. should D. can
10. – We’re getting married. –Congratulations! – But you _____ tell anyone. It’s a secret.
A. can’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
11. Nancy said you _____ buy her anything for her birthday, but I really think you _____ at least get
her some flowers or a nice bottle of wine.
A. must/ must B. could/ couldn’t C. should/ should D. needn’t/ should
12. - Oh my God, he’s unconscious! - Don’t move him, he _____ have internal injuries.
A. must B. could C. should D. would
13. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don’t get enough of water, they _____
die.
A. might B. should C. must D. ought to
14. Ted’s flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He _____ be exhausted after such a long
flight.
A. might B. should C. must D. ought to
15. You _____ forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.
A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. couldn’t D. won’t
16. The book is optional. My professor said that we could read it if we needed extra credit. But we _____
read it if we don’t want to.
A. cannot B. must not C. don’t have to D. shouldn’t

5|Thu Huyen Nguyen

17. These are my most precious possessions so you _____ touch them, but you _____ look at them.
A. can’t/ must B. mustn’t/ can C. shouldn’t/ must D. mustn’t/ should
18. _____ this new product prolong human life?
A. May B. Should C. Can D. Might
19. Tom has just got a new job. It’s the kind of job he is always wants to do. He _____ be very pleased.
A. might B. must C. should D. will
20. I just tripped on your carpet and almost fell. There’s a hole in it. You _____ change that before
someone gets hurt.
A. can B. ought to C. may D. could
21. I’m not sure. I ___________ come a few minutes late.
A. may B. must C. mustn’t D. needn’t
22. Bring your umbrella. It ___________ rain later today.
A. must B. may C. mustn’t D. needn’t
23. “What are you doing this weekend?”
“I haven’t decided yet. I ___________ go on a picnic with my family.”
A. may B. may not C. must D. needn’t
24. “I didn’t have time for breakfast this morning.”
“You ____________ be very hungry now.”
A. might B. may C. mustn’t D. must
25. It’s quite urgent. You ___________ type the reports today.
A. must B. might C. needn’t D. would
26. Don’t worry if you’re a minute or two late. We ___________ be exactly on time for the meeting.
A. must B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may
27. Jane’s glasses are on the desk, so she ___________ be here.
A. must B. shall C. ought D. will
28. The gas tank is almost empty. We ______________ stop at the next service station.
A. mustn’t B. might C. needn’t D. had better
29. A person ______________ eat in order to live.
A. have to B. must C. should D. may
30. A person ____________ eat a balanced diet.
A. should B. ought C. may D. must
31. I don’t have enough money to take the bus, so I ______________ walk home.
A. should B. mustn’t C. have to D. needn’t
32. You ______________ eat these mushrooms. They are very poisonous.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
33. I can’t find my umbrella. I _____________ it in the restaurant last night.
A. must have left B. had left C. left D. might leave
34. I had a test this morning. I didn’t do it well. I ______________ last night.
A. should study B. must have studied C. should have studied D. must study
35. Tom goes to school very often, but he was absent yesterday. He ______________ ill.
A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. might have been.

Exercise 3:
1. Al painted his bedroom black. It looks dark and dreary. He _____ a different colour
A. had to choose B. should have chosen
C. must have chosen D. could have been choosing
2. Tom is sitting at his desk. He’s reading his chemistry notes because he has a test tomorrow. He _____.
A. could study B. should be studying
C. will study D. must be studying
3. When Mr. Lee was younger, he _____ work in the garden for hours, but now he has to take frequent
rests because he has emphysema.

6|Thu Huyen Nguyen

 A. has got to B. can C. should be able to D. could
4. Whenever my parents went out in the evening, I _____ the job of taking care of my younger brother.
A. would get B. should get C. must have gotten D. had better get
5. Yesterday I _____ to a furniture store. I bought a lamp there.
A. could go B. went C. could have gone D. out to have gone
6. Jimmy and Maria were mischievous children. They _____ tricks on their teachers, which always got
them into a lot of trouble.
A. could play B. used to play C. could have played D. may have played
7. Robert has a new car. He _____ it for a good price. He paid 30% less than the regular retail cost.
A. could buy B. had to buy C. was supposed to buy D. was able to buy
8. - ‘Did you enjoy the picnic?’ – ‘It was okay, but I’d rather _____ to a movie’.
A. go B. be going C. have gone D. went
9. - ‘Why are you so sure that Ann didn’t commit the crime she’s been accused of committing?’
- ‘She _____ that crime because I was with her, and we were out of town on that day.’
A. may not have committed B. wasn’t supposed to commit
C. committed D. can’t have committed
10. –‘Since we have to be there in a hurry, we _____ take a taxi.’ - ‘I agree’.
A. had better B. may C. have been used to D. are able to
11. - ‘It _____ rain this evening. Why don’t you take an umbrella? –‘That’s a good idea’
A. had better B. could be C. must D. might
12 ‘. _____ you hand me that pair of scissors, please?’ - ‘Certainly.’
A. May B. Shall C. Will D. Should
13. - ‘Larry drove all night to get here for his sister’s wedding. He _____ exhausted by the time he
arrived.’ –‘He was’
A. ought to be B. could be C. must have been D. will have been
14. - ‘What are you doing here now? You _____ be here for another three hours.’
- ‘I know. We got an early start and it took less than we expected. I hope you don’t mind.’
A. couldn’t B. might not C. had better not D. aren’t supposed to
15. - ‘ _____ taking me downtown on your way to work this morning?’ – ‘Not at all’
A. Can you B. Why don’t you C. Would you mind D. Could you please
16. - ‘I locked myself out of my apartment. I didn’t know what to do’
- ‘You _____ your roommate.’
A. could have called B. may have called C. would have called D. must have called
17, - ‘You haven’t eaten anything since yesterday afternoon. You _____ be really hungry!’
- ‘I am’
A. might B. will C. can D. must
18. - ‘How long have you been married?’
- ‘We _____ have been married for twenty-three years on our next anniversary.’
A. must B. should C. will D. could
19. - ‘I _____ there at 6 pm for the meeting, but my car won’t start. Could you please me a lift in your
car?’ -‘Sure. Are you ready to go now?’
A. will be B. may be C. supposed to be D. have got to be
20. - ‘I left a cookie on the table, but now it’s gone. What happened to it?’
- ‘I don’t know. One of the children _____ it.’
A. may have eaten B. could it C. had to eat D. should have eaten
21. - ‘My boss is always looking over my shoulder whenever I do anything’
- ‘That _____ bother you.’ -‘But it does.’
A. shouldn’t B. might not C. may not D. won’t
22. - ‘This movie is boring and violent.’ – ‘I agree. _____ we leave?’
A. Will we B. Why don’t we C. Must we D. Would we
23. - ‘Chris, you _____ the fish in the refrigerator before it spoils.’

7|Thu Huyen Nguyen

 - ‘You are right. I didn’t know it was still in my shopping bag.’
A. had better put B. had to put C. would rather put D. may put
24. - ‘What does Mr. Griffin do for a living?’
- ‘Nothing. He’s very rich. He _____ work for a living’
A. must not B. shouldn’t C. doesn’t have to D. hadn’t better
25. - ‘Why are you so late?’ -‘I _____ my aunt to the airport. The traffic was terrible.’
A. could take B. must have taken C. should take D. had to take
26. - ‘I heard that Laura was offered a job at a top computer firm in Chicago.’
- ‘Oh? That’s wonderful! She _____ very pleased.’
A. is supposed to be B. might be C. must be D. is
27. - ‘The hot weather doesn’t seem to bother you’
- ‘When I had my farm, I _____ work in the hot fields for hours.’
A. used to B. ought to C. must D. had better
28. - ‘They towed my car away from executive parking lot yesterday’
- ‘You _____ park there.’
A. may not B. should not C. must not D. might not
29. - ‘Are you going to have a big birthday party for your father?’
- ‘ Not this year, but next year. He _____ 50 years old then.’
A. should be B. must be C. will be D. has to be
30. - ‘I need some help with that table. _____ you lift the other end, please?’
- ‘Sure, just a second’
A. May B. Could C. Should D. Shall
31. - ‘How did you get my telephone number? It’s not listed in the phone book, so you _____ have found
it in the directory.’ -‘Actually I got it from your father’
A. may not B. won’t C. might not D. couldn’t
32. - ‘Is that volcano dormant or active?’
- ‘Active, according to experts, it _____ erupt again in the very near future.’
A. can B. could C. must D. might
33. - ‘Last year I _____ this fine print in these contracts, but now I can’t’
- ‘You’d better go to an optician or an eye physician.’
A. can see B. could see C. must see D. ought to see
34. - ‘Is littering against the laws?’
- ‘Yes. There are laws that say that you _____ throw trash on the streets.’
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
35. - ‘Do you want to go to the seashore for vacation?’
- ‘I think I’d rather _____ to the mountain.’
A. to go B. go C. going D. have gone
36. - ‘Barbara just told me that she can’t go to the meeting tonight.’
- ‘She _____go! We need her there for the financial report.’
A. has got to B. has gotten to C. have to D. must be
37. - ‘_____ letting me use your bicycle for a little while?’ - ‘Not at all’
A. Please to B. Would you mind C. Will you D. Could you please
38. - ‘We _____ be here. That sign says ‘No Trespassing.’
- ‘It’s too late now. We are already here.’
A. couldn’t B. don’t have to C. might not D. aren’t supposed to
39. - ‘Harry new jacket doesn’t seem to fit him very well.’
- ‘He _____ it on before he bought it.’
A. must have tried B. was able to try C. should have tried D. may have tried
40. - ‘Do you like to play tennis?’
- ‘Yes. When I worked at the embassy, I _____ meet a friend at 5 afternoon for a game.’
A. would B. should C. had better D. would rather

8|Thu Huyen Nguyen

Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer
to each of the following questions.
1. You aren't allowed to take photographs here.
A. You needn't take photographs here. B. You don't have to take photographs here.
C. You can't take photographs here. D. You mustn't take photographs here.
2. She felt ill and________ leave early.
A. has to B. must C. had to D. ought
3. You________ use your mobile phone in the examination room.
A. oughtn't to B. mustn't C. don't have to D. shouldn't
4. My grandparents live in the suburb, so whenever we visit them, we________.
A. must take B. should take C. have to be taken C. don't have to
5. "Must I take my umbrella?" - "No, you________. It's not going to rain."
A. mustn't B. have to C. needn't C. would
6. To remain on the safe side, we should not take things for granted and should be able to cope
with all kinds of contingency; in Salts, for instance, the villagers________ for accommodating all the
visitors.
A. may have been unprepared B. need not to be prepared
C. must not be prepared D. may be unprepared
7. Kate: ________ hold your breath for more than a minute? - Jack: No, I can't.
A. Might you B. Are you able to C. Can you D. Will you
8. You________ be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a
penny to their name.
A. can't B. shouldn't C. don't have to D. mustn't
9. The company had sent the advertisement to the newspaper when they realised they'd mistyped
the salary they were offering for the position. Luckily, they________ the newspaper to correct their
mistake before they printed it.
A. could have asked B. must have asked C. were able to ask D. might have asked
10. Susan________ hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly.
A. couldn't B. might not C. can't D. doesn't
11. I've redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the
answer key. The answer in the book________ be wrong!
A. should B. have to C. must D. could
12. You________ worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don't. If
you don’t, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work.
A. can't B. don't have to C. shouldn't D. may not
13. ________ we move into the living room? It's more comfortable in there and there’s a beautiful
view of the lake.
A. Will B. Must C. Shall D. Dare
14. If I had gone white water rafting with my friends, I______ down the Colorado River right now.
A. would be floating B. would have floated C. would float D. would have been floated
15. At first, my boss didn't want to hire Sam. But, because I had previously worked with Sam, I told
my boss that he________ take another look at his resume and reconsider him for the position.
A. has to B. must C. ought to D. will
16. I'm overweight and the doctor says that I________ do exercise more often.
A. may B. will C. have to D. can
17. You are not allowed to take photos in the museum.
A. You may take photos in the museum. B. You should take photos in the museum.
C. You mustn't take photos in the museum. D. You needn't take photos in the museum.

9|Thu Huyen Nguyen

 18. I thought it was not necessary to book tickets for the film in advance, but I was wrong.
A. I needn't have booked tickets for the film in advance.
B. I couldn't have booked tickets for the film in advance.
C. I should have booked tickets for the film in advance.
D. I must have booked tickets for the film in advance.
19. I'm sure that they had practiced hard for the games as they won a lot of medals
A. They couldn't have practiced hard for the games as they won a lot of medals
B. They must have practiced hard for the games as they won a lot of medals
C. They shouldn't have practiced hard for the games as they won a lot of medals
D. They might have practiced hard for the games as they won a lot of medals.
20. It was wrong of you to criticise your son in front of his friends.
A. You could have criticised your son in front of his friends.
B. You must have criticised your son in front of his friends.
C. You mightn't have criticised your son in front of his friends.
D. You shouldn't have criticised your son in front of his friends.
21. I'm sure Luisa was very disappointed when she failed the exam.
A. Luisa must be very disappointed when she failed the exam.
B. Luisa must have been very disappointed when she failed the exam.
C. Luisa may be very disappointed when she failed the exam.
D. Luisa could have been very disappointed when she failed the exam.
22. I really believe my letter came as a great surprise to John.
A. John might be very surprised to receive my letter.
B. John might have been very surprised to receive my letter.
C. John must be very surprised to receive my letter.
D. John must have been very surprised to receive my letter.
23. Sally paid for her travel in advance, but it wasn't necessary.
A. Sally needn't have paid for her travel in advance.
B. Sally might not have paid for her travel in advance.
C. Sally may not have paid for her travel in advance.
D. Sally couldn't have paid for her travel in advance.
24. You needn't have taken so many warm clothes there.
A. It was not necessary for you to take so many warm clothes there.
B. You have taken so many warm clothes there that I don't need.
C. There's no need for you to take so many warm clothes there.
D. You took lots of warm clothes there but it turned out not necessary.
25. Mary should never have been allowed to try to swim in the sea alone.
A. When Mary let to swim in the sea alone, she said new what she was doing.
B. It would probably be wrong to let Mary swims in the sea on her own.
C. No one could have stopped Mary from trying to swim in the sea by herself.
D. Someone ought to have stopped Mary from attempting to swim in the sea on her own.
26. It was impossible that he forgot to wear the helmet.
A. He should have worn the helmet
B. He must have worn the helmet
C. He might have forgot to wear the helmet
D. He needn't have forgot wearing the helmet
27. The fishes had died. I'm sure he forgot to feed them.

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 A. He must have forgot to feed the fishes.
B. He should have fed the fishes.
C. He needn't have fed the fishes.
D. He might have forgot feeding the fishes.
28. His parents complained about his absence from school. It's wrong of him not to tell them about
that.
A. He should have told his parents about his absence from school.
B. He might have told his parents about his absence from school.
C. He must have told his parents about his absence from school.
D. He can have told his parents about his absence from school.
29.I'm sure that she didn't kill him because she was with me at the supermarket when the
murder happened.
A. She mustn't have killed him because she was with me at the supermarket when the murder
happened.
B. She needn't have killed him because she was with me at the supermarket when the murder
happened.
C. She can't have killed him because she was with me at the supermarket when the murder
happened.
D. She shouldn't have killed him because she was with me at the supermarket when the murder
happened
30. Perhaps he will return before you call.
A. He may be returning before you called.
B. He may/might have returned before you called.
C. He should have returned before you called.
D. He may return before you call.
31. You don't need to type the letter right now. You can do it later.
A. You mustn't type the letter right now because you can do it later.
B. You can't have typed the letter right now because you can do it later.
C. You needn't type the letter right now because you can do it later.
D. You needn't have typed the letter right now because you can do it later.
32. It's against the law if you hunt the endangered species.
A. You don't need to hunt the endangered species.
B. You mustn't hunt the endangered species.
C. You needn't hunt the endangered species.
D. You can't hunt the endangered species.
33. I’m sure he knew all about the secret because he was there when we were talking.
A. He must be knowing all about the secret because he was there when we were talking.
B. He should have known all about the secret because he was there when we were talking.
C. He must have known all about the secret because he was there when we were talking.
D. He might have known all about the secret because he was there when we were talking.
34. It isn't mandatory to submit my assignment today.
A. I mustn't submit my assignment today.
B. My assignment must have been submitted today.
C. I needn't submit my assignment today.
D. My assignment is required to submit by today.
35. Tom went on and on apologizing about it, which was quite unnecessary.
A. Tom can't have apologized. I quite understand.

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B. Tom shouldn't have apologized. I quite understand.
C. Tom wouldn't have apologized. I quite understand.
D. Tom needn't have apologized. I quite understand.
36. It's possible that she didn't hear what I said.
A. She might have not heard what I said. C. She might not hear what I said.
B. She may not hear what I said. D. She may not have heard what I said.
37. It's was wrong of you to betray her because she was kind to you.
A. You shouldn't have betrayed her because she was kind to you.
B. You needn't have betrayed her because she was kind to you.
C. You can't have betrayed her because she was kind to you.
D. You mustn't have betrayed her because she was kind to you.
38. I’m sure he did this because I saw him standing there.
A. He must have done this because I saw him standing there.
B. He can have done this because I saw him standing there.
C. He need have done this because I saw him standing there.
D. He may have done this because I saw him standing there.
39. I'm sure it wasn't Mr. Pike you saw because he is in London.
A. It mustn't have been Mr. Pike you saw because he is in London.
B. It can't have been Mr. Pike you saw because he is in London.
C. It mightn't be Mr. Pike you saw because he is in London.
D. It couldn't be Mr. Pike you saw because he is in London.
40. You have to do clean the house every morning because there is a lot of smoke out there.
A. The house has been cleaned every morning because there is a lot of smoke out there.
B. The house has to do by you every morning because there is a lot of smoke out there.
C. The house has to be done every morning because there is a lot of smoke out there.
D. The house have to be done every morning because there is a lot of smoke out there.
41. It isn't necessary for you to send her a letter today.
A. Her letter must have been sent today.
B. I mustn't send her letter today.
C. Her letter was required to send today.
D. You needn't send her a letter today.
42. Is it possible for me to phone you at about 10 pm tomorrow?
A. Will I phone you at about 10 pm tomorrow?
B. Can I phone you at about 10 pm tomorrow?
C. Must I phone you at about 10 pm tomorrow?
D. Could phone you at about 10 pm tomorrow?
43. It's time for me to start to think about the job I will do in the future.
A. I should start to think about the job I will do in the future.
B. I may start to think about the job I will do in the future.
C. I needn't start to think about the job I will do in the future.
D. I must have started to think about the job I will do in the future.
44. I’m certain that Joe attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event.
A. Joe could have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event.
B. Joe must have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event.
C. Joe mightn't have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event.
D. Joe needn't have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event.

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