ar 205 2 ‘SPRING Des] Si¥es a meth. as ich. eximum suse below this kind whist 'stustrateg Ee ld seem that vould be he Work done by the anny i applied load, A the denon Deed force ig yy, Thee cist of application, 7 1 the direetig, Y2 we Subjected toa bends 28Y Short Section of Amount g— M/ET ig S,TOmENt M ang lenge, Fac ‘ b inertia ofthe cect 9/2 Aaa eae ie fe hardnes wl robb ya ny : Tis aye hardness tral reference books total strain energy ig * een 4 present under Since the two eneryie) OM vaeDet the category fee are used in defiection is ies, external and intemal must a: or ey and. are made fOr round + wl in’ sess ign of such rings is invol A= sections. The design of id the work- eT shinmaion extends see eta raed ear can eas tthe developed length o it mayb APP ied by the Use shat eee, Bs “xecuted by dividing the spring Sit very much simpli Example 17. To find seas Walid the ate Of the spring in Fig. 6g EL Ba RC = Section ube ‘Ro, 68.—Cirip Expanded over a Round Ber. for the spring. +The lengih dis sealed from Fig 67 jing determined the rate of the spring and knowing the defies ‘equired, the corresponding load can be determined from wi the stress at any point can be calculated from the bending mia given by the load multiphed by the appropriate value of the arm X. a Recomménded design stresses cannot be given reat ¥ since the operating conditions and expected life vary | ,Comsiering first the case of a circlip expanded over a round bar ‘indicated in Fig, 68, the maximum stress F occurs on the inside ‘herring and is tensile and is given by the formulae: = (6WRKi/bt?)+(Wjot*) for rectangular wire or F=G2WRKi/ nd) + (41) na) for round wire is the appropriate stress curvature correction at the intra- 3C(GC~2) for rectangular wire or 4C/(4C~3) for round206 SPRING, DESIGN win, © being BR oF 2d respectively, «being ern 2g | PECK DY rope If the ratio b/s taken as m the,rectangy wire F=(Wimt\3CK-+1), y, For square wire m=I and the formula becomes FEWINBCK +1), For rectangular wire with any valve of m for the sime sre. merely necessary to multiply W for square wire by mt rent the equivalent load for rectangular wire. teri If A= or d the formula for stress with SqUATE OF round Wire ca be written: : FaWRe ool? where Ke=@CKi+- rractically cons on j we determine the load for a given stres, rai ¢ ieter from the round wire formula, all we have to é to find the equivalent load for. ‘square wire is to multiply by 1-7. If therefore, we make a Jine chart for F=WKejh* where Ka=(4/ x)[16C/(4C—3)-+1] we can use it directly for circlips made from round wire, and ifthe irclip isto be made from square wire we either multiply the ll | practically identical in Ke KuAC wo fwe let heb of hen Foe ESTA ES KGET Found or rectangular wite. If we 10k TOS can be ust Wwe get Fig, 70 which for practical ' round or rectangular wite directly. A=3nWC/4Eb or 4WC/Ed.~ es eg the corresponding jned from the above formula and th a eee ee ea ae ct in a ss using, the ll, however, if the charts are used for both conditions 3 error is small, -Engs when used in compression on the intrados will have a and the Mater factor of safety. 2 ae slightly erates naturally use the value of C obtained from the mean. ft ‘These charts ri Re is the radius of the rod or hole concerned 2Ralt of 2Rele weemation. This will mean that the actual value of © ‘Pitbe less in the case of the expanding ring than the value used, and ‘qin. and that the elastic limit in tension is approximately 80% of this figure. Circlips are, however, frequently under steady maximum stress for very long peri it YEtY Much too large, so larger wire will need to be Cag ey ralues of C. A few quick tails oe the dos Ale froct 4=0°160 in, gives a stress of 120,000 pei which io mean " ‘om the value of the elastic limit expected of BS. STA'S,210 SPRING DESIGN Proceed to Fig. 70 and join C=6 to d=0:160 in, and it yay found that the value for A is 0-015 in, The inside diameter of the ring when free will therefore 5, 08-0-015=0- and the value for C=(0-785/160--i}93 (CHAPTER 14 HELICAL TORSION SPRINGS: ROUND AND RECTANGULAR WIRE in rl t than ig by the description, and is only possible by the use of line . Checking the design by calculation from the cumbersome stress for 0-015 in. deflection is 122, and lb which confirms the accuracy of the -n necessary, square wire would give 87°6 stresses. 3 ‘There are several types of springs which supply their reaction as a torque and in which the material is subjected to bending stresses, circlip will probably be expanded rather deflection to get it into position. To deter- 1m deflection to give the elastic limit, stress chart Fig. 70s all that is required for either round or rectangular wire, and provided the maximum deflection during assembly is kept reasonably | below the figure found, trouble is unlikely, Fo, 71.—Examples of Coiled Torsion in Springs. such as clock or gramophone springs (frequently referred to as il “power springs”) hair springs, and fiat coiled springs such as i} * certain brush holder springs, but the term “torsion spring” is | | seecrally reserved for springs in which the material is coiled as « helix (ike tension or compression springs) but in which the eneray ___isstored by a torque applied to the ends. i —— ;