COMPUTER NETWORKS

*Communication Media
*Network Terminologies
What is transmission media?
 Guided Media (Wired Media): Guided media are also known as physical or conducted

Media. These media use wires for transmitting data. Various wired connections are twisted

pair wire, coaxial cable and bre optic cable.

Unguided Media (Wireless Media): A transmission media that does not require the use of

cables for transmission of data is known as unguided media. Wireless transmission is also

known as unguided media or non-physical media as the transmission takes place through

various types of electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, terrestrial microwave

transmissions, satellite transmissions, cellular radio systems, infrared transmissions, etc.

fi
Guided media or wired networking
technologies
1.Twisted pair cable

• A twisted pair consists of two conductors

• Basically copper based

• With its own plastic insulation, twisted together.

• Provide protection against cross talk or

interference(noise)

• One wire use to carry signals to the receiver

• Second wire used as a ground reference

• For twisting, after receiving the signal remains same.

• Therefore number of twists per unit length,

determines the quality of cable.
Unguided Media or Wireless Networking Technologies

 Satellite link
Satellite Communication It provide worldwide coverage independent to population
density.Satellite communication Systems offer telecommunication (Satellite Phones),
positioning and navigation (GPS), broadcasting, internet, Mobile, TV, etc.
It support Very Long Range Communication with Line of Sight Propagation . It Cannot
Penetrate Solid Objects.It is a Very Expensive communication mode.

Wireless technology
Wireless technology provides the ability to communicate between
two or more entities over distances without the use of wires or cables
of any sort.

.Wi-Fi(wireless delity):Wi-Fi is the wireless technology used to

connect computers, tablets, smartphones and other devices to the
internet. Wi-Fi is the radio signal sent from a wireless router to a
nearby device, which translates the signal into data you can see and
use.
.Wi-Max(worldwide interoperability for microwave access):WiMAX,
the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a
telecommunications technology aimed at providing wireless data
over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point links to
full mobile cellular type access.
fi

Other unguided/wireless media
Laser Technology: Laser refers to
a transmission medium that requires
direct line of sight.
It provides point-to-point
transmission between points located
at short distances. Similar to
microwave, a laser is unidirectional
but much faster. Lasers require
transmitters and photosensitive
receivers for transmission. A
disadvantage associated
with laser transmission is that it is
badly affected by weather conditions.
ff
fi
fi
Bluetooth Technology: Bluetooth
refers to a telecommunication
industry speci cation that de nes
how di erent devices can be
connected virtually and transfer
information among each other.
Bluetooth technology is commonly
used in various portable devices
such as laptops and PDAs to
establish a wireless connection In
the form of Wireless LAN
(WLAN).Transmission of information
using Bluetooth requires a low-cost
transceiver chip in each of the
devices that need to be connected.
Data Is transferred at the frequency
of 2.45 GHz.
 NETWORK TERMINOLOGIES
1.Data Channel: A channel is a communication medium through which data or
message is transferred from the sender to the receiver.
2.Baud: The number of changes in a signal per second is called a baud. It is
the unit of measurement for the information-carrying capacity of a
communication channel.
3.Bits per second: It is the measuring unit of speed at which data transfer takes
place.
4.Bandwidth: The bandwidth measures the information-carrying capacity of a
line or a network.
5.Network protocol:Network Protocols is a set of rules for communication
which includes rules of how and when a device can send
or receive the data and how it reaches its destination.

TYPES OF PROTOCOLS