Rig-less Intervention: S/L, CTU, W.O & New Tech.

Course

Module 7: Workover Techniques

Mahmoud Farag Radwan

Subsurface & Integrity Op. Dept. Head
https:\\www.linkedin.com/in/mahmoud-farag-radwan-a9266626
 Presenter Name:
Mahmoud Farag Radwan

Mahmoud Radwan is a Subsurface & Integrity Operations Dept. Head at AMAL

Petroleum Company (AMAPETCO) with more than 14 years of experience in oil & gas
industry. Mahmoud worked in Well Engineering, Intervention, Integrity & Work-over at
Short several companies, including KDT Global Solutions, Badr El-Din Pet. Co. (BAPETCO),
Biography Qarun Pet. Co. (QPC) and Wadi El-Sahel Petroleum Co. (WASPETCO).
Also, a freelance instructor at upstream Oil & Gas in Egypt & GCC since 2008.
Mahmoud received a BSc degree in Petroleum Engineering from Al-Azhar University in
2007.

 Evaluating Sustainable Annulus Pressure (SAP) in Sour Wells and the Possible
Causes to Avoid Recurrence to the Well Integrity Annual Middle East Conference in
Abu Dhabi; UAE in Apr 2015
 Implementing NDT methods for maintenance and inspection to the Asset Integrity
Management North Africa Conference in Cairo; Egypt in Nov 2015
 Feasibility Evaluation of Using Downhole Gas-water Separation Technology in gas
Reservoirs with Bottom Water; paper number: SPE-183739-MS to the 20th Middle East
Publications Oil & Gas Show and Conference in Mar 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/183739-MS
 Managing the Operational Challenges in Corroded Wells through Well Integrity
Management System to the Improving Brownfield Performance Technical
Convention, in Cairo; Egypt in Dec 2019
 Safe and Economic Attractive Rigless Operations Using a Digital Slickline in
Unmanned Platform with Low Structure Loads and Spacing; paper number: SPE--
202857-MS to the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference
(ADIPEC) in Nov 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/183739-MS
 Learning Objectives
 To enhance the candidate’s knowledge and understanding of
Workover, Rig-less/intervention pressure control and focuses on
the duties and responsibilities of those working at supervisor
level.

 Become proficient in the Workover, Rig-less/intervention

operation.

 Learn the “job planning and Procedures” aspects of successful

Workover & Rig-less operations.

3
 Course Content
1. Well Control & Risk Assessment
2. Hydrates & Well Killing
3. Pressure & Volume
4. Well Completion
5. Wellhead & Xmas Tree
6. Well Interventions
• Coiled Tubing
• Wireline
• Snubbing
7. Workover Techniques
8. Well Stimulation
9. Advanced Technologies 4
IWCF Philosophy & Concept

5
 IWCF Philosophy & Concept
3. PLANS & PROCEDURES

• Well Plan & Consider All Aspects

• Back-up Plans & Procedures
• Procedures Tailored to Site

6
7 Workover Techniques
Workovers Performed to
• Increase or restore hydrocarbon
production

• Decrease water production

• Repair mechanical failures

7
Workover Techniques
• Perforating
• Squeeze cementing
• Stimulation
• Recompletions
– Plug back
– Deepening
• Installation of artificial lift
• Scale or paraffin removal
• Well repair 8
 Successful Workovers Involve
Proper Evaluation and Planning

• Step 1 - Diagnose the problem

• Step 2 - Determine solutions

• Step 3 - Prepare workover procedures

• Step 4 – Perform economic analysis

9
 Step 1 - Diagnosing the
Problem
• Typically the most difficult and time
consuming part of the process. It
involves:

– Problem recognition
– Evaluation of current well conditions
– Collection of data
– Data analysis and problem identification
10
 Problem Recognition
• Initial well completion

• Rapid or unexpected production

decrease

• Mechanical failure

• Increase in water or gas production

• Reservoir depletion

• Uneconomic production
11
 Oil Production History
500

400

300
BOPD

BOPD

200

100

0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
12
Year
 Oil and Flowing Tubing History
500 1000

400 800
FTP

Flowing pressure
BOPD, BWPD

300 600

BOPD
200 400

100 200

0 0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
13
Year
 Water Production History
500 1000

400 800
FTP

Flowing pressure
BOPD, BWPD

300 600

BOPD
200 400

100 200
BWPD

0 0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
14
Year
Water Coning

Oil zone
Cone

Water
15
Water Breakthrough

Low
permeability

High
permeability

Intermediate
permeability
Low
permeability

16
 Water Communication

High pressure
water sand

Casing leak
Water channel along
bad cement job

Low pressure
oil reservoir
17
Gas Coning

Gas cap

Oil zone

18
 Other Common Problems
• Drilling damage
• Casing, tubing, packer leaks
• Scale, emulsions, and paraffin
• Poor perforations
• Plugging due to injection, completion
fluids
• Water blocks
19
 Areas of Damage

Tubing Gravel Pack Perforations Formation

Scales

Organic deposits

Silicates, Aluminosilicates

Emulsion

Water block

Wettability change
 Drilling Damage Caused By
• Drilling mud solids invasion

• Drilling mud filtrate invasion

– Changes in relative permeability

• Cementing

• Clay swelling and migration

21
Casing, Tubing, Packer Leaks
Caused by
• Corrosion

• H2S embrittlement

• Mechanical wear (e.g., rod pumping)

22
 Scale
• Scale deposits are formed due to
– Produced water composition
– Mixing different waters
– Pressure changes
– Temperature changes
– Changes in alkalinity (pH)
– Contact time
– Agitation
– Casing leaks
– Evaporation
– Anhydrite formations 23
Common Oil Field Scales

• Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

• Gypsum (CaSO4  2H2O)

• Barium sulfate (BaSO4)

• Sodium chloride (NaCl)

24
Scale Deposit in Tubing

25
 Calcium Carbonate Caused by
Precipitation Due to Pressure Drop

• Scaling tendencies worsen with

increased
– Temperature
– pH
– Contact time
– Agitation

26
Gypsum Caused by Precipitation
Due to Pressure Drop
• Mixing waters promotes scaling
• Gypsum scale increases with
– Turbulence
– Evaporation
– Presence of anhydrite
• High magnesium concentration
increases solubility of gypsum,
decreases scale
27
 Barium Sulfate Caused by
Precipitation
• Mixing waters

• Decrease in temperature

• Hydrate evaporation will aggravate

scaling

28
Sodium Chloride Caused By

• Supersaturation of NaCl
– Evaporation

– Decrease in temperature

29
 Scales Classified by Method
of Removal

• Chemically inert
– Must be removed mechanically (barium
sulfate)
• Chemically reactive
– Water soluble (sodium chloride)
– Acid soluble (calcium chloride)
– Soluble in other chemicals (gypsum)
30
 Scale Inhibition Treatments
• A treatment program can be implemented
to reduce or prevent scale
• Scale inhibitors
– Inorganic polyphosphates
– Polyorganic acids
– Polymers
• Pressure maintenance (water or gas
injection) also reduces scale
31
 Emulsions
• Formed when one liquid (discontinuous
phase) is dispersed within another liquid
(continuous phase) with which it is
immiscible
• Emulsions can be stable (mayonnaise)
or unstable (vinegar and oil)
• Two types of emulsions in oil field
– Oil-in-water
– Water-in-oil
32
 Emulsions Stabilized By

• Fines or clay material from formation

• Asphaltenes

• Surfactants

33
 Emulsion Particle

Internal
phase

External
phase
34
Emulsions Formed in the Reservoir
Can Significantly Reduce Production

• Water-in-oil emulsion is the most

common type to block the formation

• Sufficient agitation must be present to

mix the fluids

• Droplets held together by interfacial

tension or electrostatic charge
35
 Treating for Emulsions
• Surfactants also used to break
emulsions by reducing interfacial
tension
– Reduces the immiscibility, allowing more
mixing of the fluids
– Changes wettability
– Neutralizes effects of emulsion stabilizers
– Also used to treat water blocks
• Chemical de-emulsifiers
36
 Paraffin and Asphaltene
• Petroleum crude oil classified as
– Paraffin base
– Asphalt base
– Mixed (paraffin/asphalt) base

37
Paraffin is a Waxy Residue Caused
By
• Changes in pressure and temperature

• Presence of water, sand and other

organic compounds

• Actions of resins and asphaltenes

38
Asphaltene is a Solid Tar or Coal-
like Residue Caused by

• Pressure and temperature changes

• pH effects

• Iron contamination

39
Asphaltene Deposit on Calcite

40
 Deposits Of Paraffin or
Asphaltene
• Can form on tubing and downhole
equipment
• Develop in the formation
• Can severely restrict production

41
Paraffin and Asphaltene Inhibition and
Removal
• Chemical inhibition
– Coating tubing and equipment to prevent
buildup
– Treatments to alter formation of paraffin
crystals
• Chemical solvents
– Circulated in well to dissolve deposits
• Heat
– Hot oil or water circulated to melt deposits
• Mechanical removal
– Paraffin knives or scrapers can be used to
42
remove
Evaluating Current Well Conditions
• Gather all available information on well
– Completion date
– Complete production and pressure history
– Casing and tubing details
– Perforation information
– Previous stimulation data
– Previous workover history
– Packer/downhole equipment description
and depth
– Well head information
• Prepare a detailed well diagram
43
 Well Diagram
Well Record Status Date
Operator Well Name Field Zero Pt.
Tubular & Cementing Record
8 5/8" @ 2000' SF = Cement
O.D. Wt/Ft Grade Set@ Coll. Burst Description
Surface Casing
Calc TOC @ 5050' 8 5/8 36 K-55 2000 3450 4460 Cmt. Circ. To
Surface
Production Casing
5 1/2 17 N-80 0-2000 6280 7740 100 sks lite and
5 1/2 15.5 K-55 2-7000 4040 4810 300 sks class “H”
5 1/2 17 N-80 7-9000 6280 7740

2 7/8" Liner Setting

Tubing SF =
O.D. Wt/Ft Grade Set@ No. Jts. Jt. Strn. Burst
Packer @ 8700' 2 7/8 6.5 N-80 8700 290 144,960 10,570

Perfs Wellhead Equipment

8805'-45' Casinghead - 11” 3000 psi W.P. Series-1500 flange
1 SPF, 41 holes Tubinghead - 7 1/6” 3000 psi W.P. 1500 X 900 flange
FC @ 8961' Christmas Tree - 2” 3000 psi W.P.

5 1/2" @ 9000' Other Equipment

Brand name Retrievable Packer @ 8700’ w/6’ pup,
Fish in hole - 10 ft 1- 9/16" Type “X” no-go nipple, and muleshoe below
perforating gun w/ collar 44
locator and 50' wireline.
 Collection of Data
• All available data should be compiled
– Production and flowing pressure data
– Pressure buildup data
– Open hole and cased hole logs
– Core analyses
– Oil, water and gas analyses

45
 Collection of Data
• New data required to evaluate well should be
obtained including:
– Dynamometer (pumping unit analysis)
– Sonolog (fluid level analysis)
– Pressure buildup tests
– Static pressure tests (gradient surveys)
– Production logs

46
 Static Pressure Tests
(Gradient Surveys)
• Pressure gauge run in well, measuring
pressure as function of depth
• Depth intervals are selected for specific
purpose
– Detect fluid level in well
– Locate leak in tubing
– Determine faulty gas lift valves
– Measure bottomhole pressure (flowing or
shut-in) 47
Example Gradient Survey
Depth Pressure Temperature
(ft) (psi) (F)
0 201 85
1000 252 92
2000 313 99
3000 360 110
4000 415 119
4500 470 128
4800 525 135
5000 581 143
5200 533 151
5400 621 159
5600 710 166
48
Flowing Gradient Survey
Pressure (psi)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0

Pressure
1000

2000

3000
Depth (ft)

4000

5000

6000

49
7000
 Production Logs

• Evaluate condition of the casing and

cement

• Determine fluid flow - location and

quantity

50
Water Channel Behind Pipe

High pressure
water sand

Casing leak
Water channel along
bad cement job

Low pressure
oil reservoir
51
 Types of Production
Logging Tools
• Casing Collar Locator
• Acoustic logs (Cement evaluation)
• Temperature logs
• Spinner flow meters
• Fluid density (Gradiomanometer)
• Radioactive tracer surveys
• Noise tools
• Gamma-ray logs
• Bottomhole pressure gauges
• Casing calipers 52
 Casing Collar Locator

• Magnetic field detects an increase in

the thickness of metal associated with
casing or tubing collar

• Used for depth control in perforating

and/or production logging

53
 Gamma Ray CCL Depth

Casing Collar 5000

Locator 40'

5050

41'

30' 6000
(Short
Joint)

6050 54
Cement Bond Log

Transmitter

3’ Receiver

5’ Receiver

55
CBL-VDL Examples

Vey Good Cement 56

Poor Bond Quality 57
Fast Formations 58
Cement Evaluation Tool

Ultrasonic transducer

59
Ultrasonic Imager
Ultrasonic Imager
Cement Bond (average
circumferential
Coverage)
Circumferential Image
of Cement Bond

Trend
Of Good
Cementing

60
Ultrasonic Imager

Ultrasonic Imager
Cement Bond (average
circumferential
Coverage)
Circumferential Image
of Cement Bond

Trend
Of Good
Cementing

61
Ultrasonic Imager

Ultrasonic Imager
Cement Bond (average
circumferential
Coverage)
Circumferential Image
of Cement Bond

Trend
Of Good
Cementing

62
 Temperature Logs

• Used to detect fluid flow (normally

injection) in wellbore

• Commonly used as “post-fracture”

survey

• High resolution - measures small

changes in temperature
63
Temperature Survey
Gamma Ray Temperature

6950 Geothermal
Gradient
Channel
Behind
Pipe?
7000

Perfs

7050

64
 Spinner Flow Meter

• Measures flow velocity of fluid in

wellbore using impellers

• Determines flow rate from (or into)

different completion intervals

65
Spinner Tool

Spinner

Basket

66
 Spinner Survey
Continuous flowmeter
spinner speed in rps
Well Sketch 0 10 20 rps

67
 Gradiomanometer
• Measures the change in pressure
between two sensors
• Change in pressure is function of fluid
density
– Water: 1.0 – 1.2 gm/cc
– Oil: 0.6 – 0.8 gm/cc
– Gas: 0.1 gm/cc

68
Fluid Density Survey
Gradient (gm/cc)
Well Sketch 0 1.0 2.0

69
 Radioactive Tracer Surveys
• Used to detect fluid flow (normally
injection) in wellbore
• Radioactive isotope is mixed with
injection fluid
– Iridium
– Scandium
– Antimony
• Surveys typically run after fracture
treatments to evaluate fractured
intervals 70
Radioactive Tracer Survey

71
 Data Analysis and Problem
Identification
• A thorough analysis must be performed
to determine specific reservoir
properties and wellbore condition

Then, the Problem can be Identified

72
Reservoir Properties that Must be
Known Include
• Permeability and skin factor
• Porosity, water saturation
• Producing gas-liquid ratios
• Reservoir pressure, temperature
• Rock composition
• Fluid and gas composition
• Reservoir drive mechanism 73
Mechanical Condition of the
Well Must Be Determined

• Surface equipment

• Downhole equipment

• Perforations or open hole condition

• Casing and cement

74
Step 2 - Determine Solutions

• Specify objectives

• Design the solution

75
 Objectives of Workover
• Initial completion
• Shut off water/gas
• Increase production
• Add new zone(s)
• Mechanical repairs
• Conversion
– Pressure maintenance injection well
– Disposal well
76
 Initial Completion
• Determine number of productive zones
– Single or multiple completion

– Downhole commingling of production

77
 (1) (2)
Initial Perforate

Kill
fluid
Zone 1 Zone 1

Zone 2 Zone 2

(3) (4)
Run production Stimulate,
equipment if necessary

Zone 1 Zone 1
Blast joint
Zone 2 Zone 2
78
 Before After

New zone

Zones
commingled

Present zone

79
 Squeeze Cementing
• Cement is forced under pressure into a
void in the well or against a porous zone

80
Reasons for Cement Squeezing
 Control unwanted fluids or gas from
producing (channels behind casing)
 Plug back to new zone
 Repair casing leaks
 Repair faulty or insufficient primary
cement job
 Seal thief zones or lost circulation zones
 Isolate an interval to be stimulated
81
Cement Squeeze in Channel

Water sand

Channel Allowing
Water Flow

Oil or Gas Reservoir

82
Cement Squeeze in Channel

Water sand

Set squeeze packer

Perforate
“squeeze”
holes
Set temporary bridge plug

Oil or gas reservoir

83
Cement Squeeze in Channel

Water sand

Squeeze Cement
Into Channel

Oil or gas reservoir

84
Cement Squeeze in Channel

Water sand

Clean out well-

return to production

Oil or gas reservoir

85
Types of Squeeze Operations
 Low pressure
 High pressure

86
 Low Pressure Squeeze
 Relatively small volume of cement is
used to deposit a cement filter cake in
the perforations and at formation face
 Spotting cement plugs by circulation
could be considered a form of low
pressure squeeze
 Most critical aspect – Do not exceed
fracturing pressure of the formation
87
 High Pressure Squeeze
• The formation is fractured and/or the
perforations are broken down in order to
pump cement
• After initial break down, the cement is
placed in the perforations and allowed to
dehydrate against the formation. More
cement is required due to created fracture.

88
 Squeeze Operations
• Low fluid loss cement should be used to
prevent premature hydration
• Fluid loss of 40 to 120 cm3 per 30 mins is
usually recommended; however, the
actual fluid loss will be a function of the
well and reservoir conditions

89
 Squeeze Operations
 Fluid in wellbore must be solids free
- Any particulate material in fluid could plug off
the formation and prevent proper cement
hydration
 Normally requires special squeeze packer
or cement retainer to isolate interval

90
 Stimulation
 Two Primary Methods of Stimulation
- Matrix acidizing
- Hydraulic fracturing (acid or proppant)

91
 Main Reasons to Stimulation
 Remove skin damage near the wellbore
 Increase the effective area of the reservoir
in communication with the wellbore

92
 Well Completion - Fracturing
 Must be Planned Around Hydraulic
Fracture Treatments
 Perforating scheme is important
- Ensure all intervals are stimulated
- Minimize near wellbore tortuosity
 Wellhead, casing, tubing, packers must
be designed for fracturing pressures
 Surface facilities and storage must be
ready for immediate flowback 93
 Recompletion

 Involves adding new productive zone(s)

which could include
- Commingling production from a new zone
with an existing zone
- Completely shutting off one zone and
adding another, either uphole or downhole
(plug back)
- Deepening the well to a new reservoir

94
Recompletion to New Zone

Zone to be added

Presents perfs

95
Plug Back and Recompletion

Before After

New zone Recompletion

Zone
plugged

Present zone

96
 Deepening to New Reservoir
Original well After deeping

Existing perfs Original perfs

(squeeze cemented)
Float collar and plug
Shoe joint Original
total depth

New reservoir New reservoir

97
Step 3 - Workover Procedures
• After the problem is determined and a
solution designed, the next step is to
prepare a detailed workover procedure
• Each step must be included to ensure
the correct solution is implemented
– Typically, someone else may supervise the
work
– Never assume they know what you want to
do
98
 First Consideration - Well
(Pressure) Control

• Most important aspect of workover or

completion
• Oil and/or gas pressure must be
controlled at all times
• Almost all blowouts are caused by
– Inadequate equipment or failure
– Lack of knowledge of downhole conditions
99
 Factors In Well Control

• Rig equipment (pumps, tanks, blowout

preventors, safety valves)

• Rig personnel

• Reservoir pressure

• Well equipment pressure ratings

• Workover (kill) fluids

100
To Control Pressure, A Kill Fluid
Must Be Placed in the Well
• Circulating

• Bullheading

• Lubricating and bleeding

• Coiled tubing or snubbing unit

101
 Circulating
Normal Circulation Reverse Circulation
Fluid In

X X

X Fluid In X

Perfs Perfs

102
 Bullheading
Fluid In

Kill
Fluid

Oil
or
Gas

Oil or Gas Zone

103
 Lubricating and Bleeding

X X X
Gas Pressure
Displace Small Kill Fluid Bled Off at
Amount of Settles Surface
Kill Kill Fluid To Bottom (Process
Fluid Into Well. Gas Gas Repeated)

Gas
Compressed
Kill
Fluid

Kill
Fluid
104
 Coiled Tubing

Tubing injector
Tubing pack off
BOPS Coiled
Circulation tubing
Tree
out
Circulation
Coiled tubing

105
 Snubbing Unit
Tubing injector
BOPS
Tubing pack off
BOPS
Circulation
Tree
out

Concentric tubing

106
Preparing Workover Procedures
• Always include a current wellbore diagram
that includes all well data
– Equipment sizes, pressure ratings, depths,
etc.
• Provide diagrams or specifications of new
equipment to put in well or the tools used
during workover
– Prepare diagram of “proposed” well

107
Preparing Workover Procedures
• Provide detailed pumping procedures for
stimulation treatments
– Volumes
– Injection rates
– Estimated pressures
– Fluid compositions
– Pumping schedule

108
Preparing Workover Procedures
• Simple workovers do not always warrant a
detailed procedure
– Rod or pump repairs, paraffin or scale
treatments, swabbing
• Be practical - the level of detail should
correspond to the level of difficulty

109
Preparing Workover Procedures
• The procedure should be organized in an
efficient and cost effective manner
• Never cut corners to save a little money
and jeopardize well control and safety

110
 Workover Example

• Given the following conditions, write a

procedure to re-complete a well in a new
zone.
– See Conditions for New Zone
– See attached Wellbore diagram
• Include a production test and pressure
buildup in the procedure to evaluate zone
for potential stimulation.
111
 Conditions for New Zone
• Perforations from 8156 ft - 8188 ft
• Reservoir pressure = 3500 psi
• Perforate with 500 psi underbalance.

112
 Well Diagram
Well Record Status Date
Operator Well Name Field Zero Pt.
Tubular & Cementing Record
8 5/8" @ 2000' SF = Cement
O.D. Wt/Ft Grade Set@ Coll. Burst Description
Surface Casing
Calc TOC @ 5050' 8 5/8 36 K-55 2000 3450 4460 Cmt. Circ. To
Surface
Production Casing
5 1/2 17 N-80 0-2000 6280 7740 100 sks lite and
5 1/2 15.5 K-55 2-7000 4040 4810 300 sks class “H”
5 1/2 17 N-80 7-9000 6280 7740

2 7/8" Liner Setting

Tubing SF =
O.D. Wt/Ft Grade Set@ No. Jts. Jt. Strn. Burst
Packer @ 8700' 2 7/8 6.5 N-80 8700 290 144,960 10,570

Perfs Wellhead Equipment

8805'-45' Casinghead - 11” 3000 psi W.P. Series-1500 flange
1 SPF, 41 holes Tubinghead - 7 1/6” 3000 psi W.P. 1500 X 900 flange
FC @ 8961' Christmas Tree - 2” 3000 psi W.P.

5 1/2" @ 9000' Other Equipment

Brand name Retrievable Packer @ 8700’ w/6’ pup,
Fish in hole - 10 ft 1- 9/16" Type “X” no-go nipple, and muleshoe below
perforating gun w/ collar 113
locator and 50' wireline.
 Example Workover Procedure
(1) Move in rig up workover unit.
(2) Load well with field salt water (9 ppg) at 2-3 bpm,
maximum pressure = 1500 psi.
(3) Rig down wellhead, nipple up 5000 psi BOP’s.
(4) Release Model X packer and circulate well with clean 2%
kcl water.
Note: Packer fluid in annulus is 9.5 ppg inhibitor. Connect
flow line from tubing to tank for u-tube flow after releasing
packer.
(5) Pull out of hole (POOH) with packer and downhole
equipment.
(6) Run 4.75 inch bit and scraper to 8800 +/- ft. Circulate well
with clean 2% kcl water.
114
 Example Workover Procedure
(7) Rig up Schlumberger wireline and set 5 1/2 inch cast iron
bridge plug at 8750 +/- ft.
(8) Close BOP’s and pressure test casing to 3800 psi (80% of
burst rating for 5 1/2 inch 15.5 lb K-55). Observe pressure
for 10 mins.
Note: If casing pressure does not hold, contact main
office for procedures to locate and squeeze leak.
(9) Run in hole with Model Y retrievable packer, 6 ft pup joint,
type “DC” no-go nipple and muleshoe on 2 7/8 inch
tubing.
(10) Rig up tubing testers and test tubing to 8000 psi while
running in hole. Replace any bad joints.
(11) Set packer at 8050 +/- ft. Slack off 10,000 lbs of weight.
(12) Nipple down BOP’s and rig up wellhead.
115
 Example Workover Procedure
(13) Rig up swab and swab fluid level down to 1200 ft for 500
psi underbalance.
(14) Rig up wireline with 5000 psi lubricator. Perforate from
8156 ft - 8188 ft with Schlumberger Pivot gun, 4 shots/ft,
180° phasing, 23 gram charges. Note pressure increase
at surface. Rig down lubricator and wireline unit.
(15) If necessary, swab well to establish flow.
(16) If well flows, rig down workover unit and connect well to
production facilities for testing.
(17) Flow well at stabilized rate (est. 400 - 500 mscf/day) for
two weeks.
(18) Rig up slick line unit and lubricator on crown valve. While
well is flowing, run dual 5000 psi electronic pressure
gauges with 7 day clocks.
116
 Example Workover Procedure
(19) Run flowing gradient survey while going in hole, stopping
every 1000 ft to 7000 ft depth, then every 200 ft. Set
gauges in no-go nipple below packer.
(20) Continue to flow well for 4 hrs, recording flowing
bottomhole pressure.
(21) Shut in well at wing valve to conduct BHP survey.
(22) After 7 days, POOH with gauges. Report data to
reservoir engineering department.
(23) Leave well shut-in awaiting procedures for stimulation.

117
 Step 4 - Economic Analysis
• Purpose of a workover is to increase or
maintain profitability of well
• An exception is when hazardous
conditions exist that must be corrected
• An economic analysis must be performed
to justify the cost

118
 Cost Estimate
• Prepare a detailed cost estimate
– Cost of materials, equipment, services,
personnel
– Time and costs for rigs, wireline unit, pump
trucks, rentals
– Contingencies

119
 Economic Justification
• The economic benefits of the workover
must be estimated
• Reserve analysis and production
forecast may be necessary
– Increase in production rate/revenue
• Or cost savings
– reduced operating expense; e.g., lower
water disposal cost

120
Thank You