\he cuge` gethjl ns fisel j` au`lige`tic cnmhtn`m dicducitnj`s.

\he
cuge` gethjl ajrguci ns eisnest tj ipprednite n` the ajccjwn`m ajrg.

∝∝∝∝
7  
 

]here;
E 7 iverime nccugn`i`de jver the hjrnzj`t
hjr nzj`tic
ic wjron`m pci`e
` 7 `ugfer ja cigps n` eidh cugn`inre
@ 7 `ugfer ja cugn`inre
A 7 cnmhtn`m lesnm` cuge` per cigp
UA 7 utncnzitnj` aidtjr ajr the hjrnzj`tic wjron`m pci`e
CCA 7 cnmht cjss aidtjr
 ns the ritnj ja the nccugn`i`de prjludel fy the
cnmhtn`m n`sticcitnj` it the sjge spednanel tnge tj the nccugn`i`de
prjludel fy the sige n`sticcitnj` whe` `ew. Nt iccjws ajr eaaedts sudh
is ledreise n` cnmht jutput diusel fy

(i) the aaicc

icc n` cigp ccugn`ju
ugn`juss acux wnth hjurs
hjurs ja use,
(f) the lepjsntnj` ja lnrt j` cugn`inre, i`l

(d) reacedti`de
reacedti`de ja rjjg suraides jver tnge.

 7  ∝ 
   VTGA

]here;
CCGA 7 cigp cuge` gin`te`i`de aid
aidtjr
tjr
CGA 7 cugn`inre gin`te`i`de aidtjr
VTGA 7 rjjg suraide gin`te`i`de aidtjr
 ns the prjpjrtnj` ja the
n`ntnic cnmht jutput ja i cigp prjludel iater i set tnge tj thjse
prjludel whe` `ew. Nt iccjws ajr the ledcn`e n` cuge` jutput arjg i
cigp wnth ime. Nts vicue di` fe letergn`el n` twj wiys;

(i) fy dj`suctn`
dj`suctn`mm i cigp gi`uaid
gi`uaidture
turer's
r's diticjm
diticjmue
ue ajr i cuge`
cuge`
leprednitnj` dhirt, i`l

(f) fy lnvn
lnvnln`m
ln`m the gin`t
gin`tin`el
in`el ccuge`s
uge`s f
fy
y the n`nt
n`ntnic
nic cigps.
cigps.
 ns the prjpjrtnj` ja the n`ntnic
cnmht jutput arjg i cugn`inre iater i set tnge tj the n`ntnic cnmht jutput
arjg i cigp iater i set tnge. Nt dj`stntutes the mreitest cjss n` cnmht
jutput i`l ns gin`cy lue tj the iddugucitnj` ja itgjsphernd lnrt j`
cugn`inre. \hree aidtjrs gust fe dj`snlerel n` nts letergn`itnj`;

(i) the typ

(i) typee ja cug
cugn`n`in
inre
re,,
(f) itg
itgjsp
jsphern
herndd dj`lnt
dj`lntnj`
nj`s,s, i`l
(d)) gi
(d gin`
n`te
te`i
`i`d
`dee n`te
n`terv
rvic
ic..